Cognitive Mapping
- 1. COGNITIVE MAPPINGTransforming Tacit to Explicit KnowledgeIva Mircheva IvanovaTechnical University of Sofia
- 2. Abstract
- 3. Introduction“Mental Model” of a person’s knowledge - codified knowledgeTransformation - Tacit to ExplicitRepresentingConceptsKnowledge
- 4. ImplementationWHAT IS A COGNITIVE MAP?Graphical representation of mental model (s)(B) The plants grow(A) I water the plants
- 5. Three different kinds of readinessImplementation(B) The plants grow…so……because……in order to…(A) I water the plants
- 6. ImplementationHOW IS A COGNITIVE MAP CONSTRUCTED?Collect the informationPre-existing dataData collected for the construction process of the cognitive mapCode the information in a shape of mapNOTE: No interviewing protocol exists to guide a researcher in gathering data to be coded.Eden’s group, from Strathclyde University in Glasgow
- 7. ImplementationTHE IDEADifferent NatureThe goalsThe Critical Success Factors (CSF) The actions or key optionsThe chains of argumentationStandard IdeaGoalGoalGoalC.S.F.C.S.F.Standard IdeaStandard IdeaStandard IdeaStandard IdeaStandard IdeaActionActionActionAction
- 8. ImplementationHow ideas are organized in a cognitive map?Standard IdeaGoalGoalGoalC.S.F.C.S.F.Standard IdeaStandard IdeaStandard IdeaStandard IdeaStandard IdeaActionActionActionAction
- 9. Implementation37 Keep the type of job that we have…Move towards the less interesting job14 Work more with European companies (goal: 25%of revenue) 38 Develop work in close collaboration with a network of foreign experts…75 Know who to call in case of special needs…74 Memorize all the skills of the people with whom we have worked..73 Create a database of the partners skills…
- 10. Success FactorsTacit to Explicit KnowledgeMental Models“Theories-in-use”“Espoused Theories”AdvantagesSimplified Framework“Executable”AssociationsDisadvantagesBiases in the processing of new information
- 11. Success FactorsMental Models TransformationMap in PocketSense of Security and DirectionsNew patterns / New experiencesJustificationsQuestioning the AssumptionsComparison of new and existing Mental ModelsMoving the individual knowledge to the group
- 12. Case StudyEXTERNALIZATION OF BUSINESS STRATEGY MENTAL MODELSUnique Portfolio of ProjectsReasons to use cognitive mappingAllows modeling of Mental ModelsStructuring of ThoughtsCommunicate IdeasConsideration of actions
- 13. Case StudyQuick Description of the MethodElaboration of the INDIVIDUAL portfolio of projects1Week 1-2First CONFRONTATION of the individual portfolio of projects2Week 5COLECTIVE construction of the final portfolio of projects3Week 6
- 15. List of References[1] www.wikipedia.com[2] Florence Rodhain, “TACIT TO EXPLICIT: TRANSFORMING KNOWLEDGE THROUGH COGNITIVE MAPPING – AN EXPERIMENT” [3] http://www.knowledgeboard.com [4] Nonaka, I., and Takeuchi, H., The Knowledge-Creating Company, Oxford University Press, New York, 1995. [5] Natalie M. Steiger and David M. Steiger, University of Maine, “Knowledge Management in Decision Making: Instance-Based Cognitive Mapping”[6] Johnson-Laird, P. and Byrne, R. “Mental Model Website: A Gentle Introduction,” [online via] http://www.tcd.ie/Psychology/Ruth_Byrne/mental_models/, 2000 (accessed July 16, 2005). [7] Johnson-Laird, P., Mental Models. Cambridge University Press, Boston, 1983.[8] Argyris, C. and Schӧn, D.A. Organizational Learning II: Theory, Method, and Practice [9] Weick, K.E., “Cartographic Myths in Organizations,” in Mapping Strategic Thought (Huff, A.S., ed.), John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1990, pp. 1-10.[10] Bereiter, C. and Schardamalia, M. “Cognitive coping strategies and the problem of ‘inert knowledge’ ” In Thinking and Learning Skills: Research and Open Questions (Vol 2) (Chipman, S., Segal J., and Glaser, R., eds.), Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ, 1985.
- 16. Many Thanks!!! “The importance of tacit knowledge is how we explicate it to those around us and those whom we work with.”