SlideShare a Scribd company logo

คำสั่งยูนิกส์ Command line

Download as DOCX, PDF
Sopit Pairo, profile picture
Sopit Pairo

1. The ls command is used to list directory contents and options like -l provide additional details. 2. User management commands like adduser, useradd and userdel are used to add, modify, and delete user accounts and home directories. 3. Common file management commands include cp to copy files, mkdir to create directories, mv to move or rename files and directories, and rmdir to remove empty directories.

1 of 39
Downloaded 56 times
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
Command Line (Linux 1) ls dir DOS) list ls [option] [file] option ls -l Long Format Permission -a -F Directory execute ls –l ls -al ls -F adduser User Unix,Linux adduser -g (group) -d (Directory) (User) adduser -g root -d /home/user1 user User Login user1 root useradd User Unix,Linux ( adduser) useradd -g (group) -d (Directory) (User) useradd -g root -d /home/user1 user User Login user1 root userdel User Unix,Linux userdel [option] (Username) userdel -r root user1 User Login User1 -r
Home Directory User1 passwd User Unix,Linux passwd [Username] passwd user1 ( User1 User Unix Login alias Unix,Linux ( SET DOS RUN alias [ alias copy=cp copy cp bash Bourne again shell Unix,Linux bash bash [Enter] ( Bourne again shell) bc Unix,Linux bc [-lwsqv] [option] [file] bc [Enter] 1+2 [Enter] 1^2 [Enter] a=3 [Enter] b=4 [Enter] a*b [Enter] x=2;y=5;x+y[Enter] [Ctrl-d] Install Packet cp copy DOS)
copy cp source target #cp test.txt /home/user1 cal Unix,Linux cal cal [Enter]( cal -y [Enter]( cat File Unix,Linux ( Type DOS) cat cat /home/user1 | more home/user1 C Compiler Compile C Unix,Linux ( Type DOS) cc [filename] cc /home/user1/industry.c Compile C industry.c Directory /home/user1 cd
Change Directory Unix,Linux ( CD DOS) cd [directory] cd /etc [Enter] Directory etc cd ..[Enter] Directory 1 chfin Change your finger information Unix,Linux ( User chfn [username] chfn User1 User1 chgrp Change Group Unix,Linux ( chgrp [-chfRv] (Group) (File) chgrp root /root/* Group root Group root chmod Change Mode Unix,Linux ( chmod [ File) test chmod 754 test chmod go +r-w test chmod o-r * Mode rwx = 7 ; rw - =6 ; r-x =5 ; r- - = 4 ; - wx = 3 ; - w - = 2 ; - - x =1;--=0 2
1. 2. 2 1 User Group Other = ugo go-r-w+x Run -rwxrwxrwx = Read Write Execute 111 101 100 = 754 Group Execute chown Change Owner Unix,Linux ( chown [ File) chown user1 filename filename User1 chown -R user1.root dirname Sub dirname. chsh chsh Unix,Linux ( Shell User) chsh [Username] chsh user1 [Enter] /bin/bash [Enter] clear
clear Unix,Linux ( cls dos) clear clear [Enter] cal Unix,Linux cal cal [Enter]( cal -y [Enter]( mesg mesg status terminal mesg y terminal mesg n terminal date date 17 May 2004 df df Unix,Linux ( df [option] [file] df [Enter] dmesg dmesg Unix,Linux ( Boot)
dmesg dmesg | more [Enter] Linux Driver CD- Rom echo echo Unix,Linux ( ECHO DOS) echo ( echo my name is user1 echo Hello > /dev/tty2 Hello 2 ed ed Unix,Linux ( Text file edlin DOS) ed (fileName) ed /home/user/test ( q) pico vi emacs emacs emacs Unix,Linux ( Text file ) emacs (fileName) emacs /home/user/test (help Ctrl - h ; Ctrl - x Ctrl - c) exit exit Unix,Linux (
exit exit finger finger Unix,Linux ( User Login Who finger [username] finger user1 user1 fsck fsck Unix,Linux ( Linux file system Scandisk Dos) fsck [option] sbin/fsck -a /dev/hd1 ftp ftp Unix,Linux ( ftp (IP or Name of FTP Server ) ftp 132.209.1.2 [Enter] Login:anonymous , Password: Username@YourDomain.com ls - ; pwd - dir. ;cd - dir ;lcd - local dir ;mput* - ;mget – ;bye -
grep grep Unix,Linux ( grep (option) grep -i ftp /etc/test ftp" etc/test groupadd groupadd Unix,Linux ( User) groupadd (GroupName ) #groupadd staff User Staff groupdel groupdel Unix,Linux ( User) groupadd (GroupName ) #groupdel staff User Staff gzip/gunzip gzip/gunzip Unix,Linux ( gzip gunzip (-cdfhlLnNrtv19 ) [file] -- #gzip -9vr /home/samba/* Sub /home/samba gz #gunzip -dvr /home/samba/* gz Sub /home/samba halt halt Unix,Linux (
halt [-n] [-w] [-d] [-f] [-I] [-p] #halt Shutdown ; init0 , reboot history history Unix,Linux ( Command line F7 DOS Dos key) history [n] [-r wan [filename] ] #history 20 20 ifconfig history Unix,Linux ( Network Lan Card) ifconfig [option] #ifconfig ipchains ipchains Unix,Linux ( Firewall) ipchains [parameter] command [option] #ipchains -L Set IPchains jobs jobs Unix,Linux ( Firewall) jobs
#sleep 20 & jobs kill kill Unix,Linux ( Process) kill [option] (process ID) ps -A PID Process Kill -9 login login nnn nnn PID -9 Unix,Linux ( User Login) login [fp] (UserName) #login:root mkdir directory ( dos) make directory mkdirmkdir [option] [file] option mkdir -m Permissioin ( chmod -p Parent Directory directory relative absolute path mkdir /home
mkdir -p -m755 ~/home/user1 mv Directory dos) move mv source target mv *.tar /backup mv test.txt old.txt mv bin oldbin more cat more more file more = q h help more test.txt man man Unix,Linux ( man (Command) #man ls
q; Spacebar] ; mount mount Unix,Linux ( mount (-t type) DeviceDriverMountPoint # Mount 1 CdRom mount -t iso9660 /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom # Mount CdRom 2 mount /dev/cdrom ( mount CD mnt/CdRom Unmount) rmdir directory ( dos) remove directory rmdir [option] [file] option mkdir -p Child Parent Directory directory relative absolute path rmdir /home tar backup restore file tar directory file permission ( UNIX) tape archive tar [option]... [file]...
option echo -c backup) -t backup -v -f file -x restore tar -xvf data.tar talk 2 Talk talk user[@host] [tty] host ytalk 2 tty Log in 1 talk m2k@nanastreet.com write write user [tty] write
write EOF CTRL+C interrupt write Enter write m2k who am i login login whoami who am i ( SUN OS UNIX file file DOS/Windows UNIX Context file Content file [option]... file file /bin/sh file report1.doc
free free [-b|-k|-m] option free -b byte -k kilobyte -m megabyte free free –b free -k pwd Directory cd DOS) print work directory pwd uname OS cpu uname -a hostname hostname tty terminal tty id id
คำสั่งยูนิกส์ Command line
LINUX UNIX (Linux 2) 1.1 ls : home directory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- account linux home directory linux ls parameter -al --sort ls -alt :: alt ls -alt | more :: 1 ls -al --sort=time | more :: ls -R | more :: directory ls ls -l D Column ls -al directory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.2 chmod : Owner), Group), Other) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ls RWXRWXRWX webmaster
CGI CGI server Perl x) chmod 755 hello.pl chmod 775 fileforyou.pl chmod +x test.pl 3 R Read W Write X Execute --- : 0) --X : 1) R-- : 4) RW- : 6) R-X : 5) RWX : 7) RWXRWXRWX 9 3 3 3 RWX------ : 700) RWXRWX--- : 770) RWXR-XR-X : 755) R--R--R-- : 444)
chmod 777 index.php :: 3 chmod 755 * -Rf :: direcroty -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.3 man : Manual) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- unix linux parameter linux man man man :: man man ls :: ls man useradd :: useradd -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.4 mkdir, rmdir, cd : directory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- dos directory directory 3 mkdir directory (Make directory) rm directory (Remove directory) cd
directory (Change directory) mkdir hello :: directory hello rmdir hello.htm :: hello.htm cd / :: directory root cd .. :: directory 1 cd ~/x :: x home directory home/thaiall/x home directory home/thaiall -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.5 pico : editor text vi -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- pico enter ^ Ctrl pico xx xx xx xx Ctrl-X vi pico pine pico pine CD rpm -i pine*
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.6 emacs : editor text vi -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- pico pico emacs ctrl-h ctrl-x + ctrl-c pico editor emacs pico emacs Welcome to GNU Emacs, one component of a Linux-based GNU system. Get help C-h (Hold down CTRL and press h) Undo changes C-x u Exit Emacs C-x C-c Get a tutorial C-h t Use Info to read docs C-h i Ordering manuals C-h RET Activate menubar F10 or ESC ` or M-` (`C-' means use the CTRL key. `M-' means use the Meta (or Alt) key. If you have no Meta key, you may instead type ESC followed by the character.) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.7 vi : editor text -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Text editor linux pico mail pine vi linux man
vi esc enter i a A dd x 1 cw :w :q! :wq vi -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.8 id, finger, who, w : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- id uname :: account uname finger uname :: account uname last login email finger @www.isinthai.com :: login who |grepthai :: thai w :: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.9 cat : type DOS
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- cat /etc/passwd :: etc/passwd cat /etc/passwd | more :: etc/passwd passwd suwit:x:500:500:Suwit:/home/suwit:/bin/bash prasert:x:501:501:: /home/prasert:/bin/bash bcom101:x:502:502::/home/bcom302:/bin/bash -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.10 ifconfig : Network interface ip server -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:20:18:C0:06:C4 inet addr:202.29.78.12 Bcast:202.29.78.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:673054 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:666268 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:100 RX bytes:74892865 (71.4 Mb) TX bytes:680121131 (648.6 Mb) Interrupt:9 Base address:0xcf00 eth0:1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:20:18:C0:06:C4 inet addr:202.29.78.1 Bcast:202.29.78.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 Interrupt:9 Base address:0xcf00 ip 1 ip #/sbin/ifconfig eth0:1 202.29.78.1 IP 9.10 etc/rc.d/rc.local --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.11 netstat : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- netstat -a Active Internet connections (servers and established) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 *:mysql *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:http *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:ftp *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:ssh *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:smtp *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:https *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 www.isinthai.com:ssh 202.29.78.200:1225 ESTABLI SHED Active UNIX domain sockets (servers and established) Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node Path unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 855 /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 119 /dev/log unix 2 [] STREAM CONNECTED 3007 unix 2 [] STREAM CONNECTED 859 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.12 service : running -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- service --status-all httpd (pid 2160 2159 2158 2155 2114 583 579 578 577 576 575 573) is running... mysqld (pid 446 429 427 414) is running...
sendmail (pid 1700 1690) is running... sshd (pid 2970 358) is running... xinetd (pid 3923 369) is running... -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.13 xinetd : xinetd etc/xinetd.d talk talk server -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- xinetd -d Service configuration: ftp id = ftp flags = IPv4 socket_type = stream Protocol (name,number) = (tcp,6) Nice = 10 Groups = no Bind = All addresses. Server = /usr/sbin/vsftpd Server argv = vsftpd Only from: All sites No access: No blocked sites Logging to syslog. Facility = authpriv, level = info Log_on_success flags = HOST PID Log_on_failure flags = HOST
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.14 whereis : PATH find -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- whereisusermod :: usermod run whereisifconfig :: ifconfig sbin/ifconfig -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.15 cp, rm, mv : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- cp x y :: x y x cp rm y :: y directory rm -r directoryname :: directory sun directory confirm rm -rfdirectoryname :: directory Redhat directory confirm rm -f * :: yes mv x /root :: x root -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.16 ping : ip internet ping www.thaiall.com :: www.thaiall.com IP
ping 202.29.78.100 -c 5 :: 5 ping 202.29.78.2 :: ip PING 202.29.78.2 (202.29.78.2) from 202.29.78.12 : 56(84) bytes of data. From 202.29.78.12 icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable From 202.29.78.12 icmp_seq=2 Destination Host Unreachable From 202.29.78.12 icmp_seq=3 Destination Host Unreachable -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.17 env : environment -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- env HISTSIZE=1000 SSH_CLIENT=202.29.78.100 1091 22 OLDPWD=/usr/sbin QTDIR=/usr/lib/qt3-gcc3.2 SSH_TTY=/dev/pts/0 USER=burin LS_COLORS=no=00:fi=00:di=00;34:ln=00;36:pi=40;33:so=00;35:bd=40; .... : PATH=/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin MAIL=/var/spool/mail/burin PWD=/etc INPUTRC=/etc/inputrc LANG=en_US.UTF-8 HOME=/root
SHLVL=2 LOGNAME=burin LESSOPEN=|/usr/bin/lesspipe.sh %s G_BROKEN_FILENAMES=1 _=/bin/env -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.18 lynx : Text browser source download -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- lynx www.thaiall.com :: www.thaiall.com text mode lynx http://www.yonok.ac.th :: www.yonok.ac.th text mode lynx -dump http://www.yonok.ac.th :: interactive view lynx -dump -width=500 http://piology.org/.procmailrc.html|grep '^|'|cut - c3- :: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.19 nslookup : name server ip domain name -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Redhat dig host host yn1.yonok.ac.th dig yn1.yonok.ac.th nslookup exit > nslookup 202.28.18.65 Non-authoritative answer: 65.18.28.202.in-addr.arpa name = mars.uni.net.th.
Authoritative answers can be found from: 18.28.202.in-addr.arpa nameserver = mars.uni.net.th. 18.28.202.in-addr.arpa nameserver = ns.netserv.chula.ac.th. mars.uni.net.th internet address = 202.28.18.65 nslookup www.thaiall.com Name: www.thaiall.com Address: 66.150.1.141 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.20 tail : cat -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- tail index.html :: index.html Current directory tail --lines=5 /var/log/messages :: var/log/messages root tail /var/log/html/access.log :: 10 default tail --lines=100 /var/log/html/access_log>access_bak :: backup mv -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.21 telnet : server port server telnet SSH -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- telnet 202.202.202.202 :: 202.202.202.202 port port 23
telnet www.school.net.th 21 :: port 21 FTP port telnet mail.loxinfo.co.th 25 :: smtp telnet class.yonok.ac.th 110 :: pop service windows server 2003 Microsoft Windows POP3 Service Version 1.0 ready. USER aa@class.yonok.ac.th +OK PASS xxxxxxx +OK User successfully logged on -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.1 df : Harddisk -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Harddisk upload user server clear df :: Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/hda5 505605 82764 396737 18% / /dev/hda1 101089 9180 86690 10% /boot /dev/hda3 1423096 41956 1308848 4% /home none 30740 0 30740 0% /dev/shm /dev/hda2 3889924 1551872 2140456 43% /usr /dev/hda6 1027768 952876 22684 98% /var -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.2 du : directory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- directory
du :: directory du -all :: directory du | sort -g :: directory sort Kb du -b :: byte directory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.3 ps : Process -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- run bot server ps :: process ps -ef :: process ps -ax :: process ps -aux :: process -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.4 kill : process process kill process -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- process process kill super user
kill -9 process :: process ps - ef kill -9 1255 :: process 1255 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.5 find : directory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- find / -name hello.pl :: hello.pl directory find / -name hello* :: hello find /bin -size 626188c :: 626188 RH8 bash -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.6 gzip : gz z tar tar.gz -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- gzip -d x.tar.gz :: gz man gzip :: gzip gzip -d radius-1.16.1.tar.Z :: ftp.livingston.com/pub/le/radius/ gzip -dc x.tar.Z|tarxvf - :: 2 gzip tar x.tar.z -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.7 tar : tar --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
tar xvf x.tar :: tar directory tar xvfz squid-2.3-200103110000-src.tar.gz :: gz tar gzip tar man tar :: tar tar zcvf abc.tar.gz /etc :: copy /etc abc.tar.gz tar zxvf abc.tar.gz :: abc.tar.gz directory /etc -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.8 last : login -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- last |grep reboot :: reboot last |more :: login -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.9 grep : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- more /etc/passwd|grepthaiall :: etc/passwd thaiall rpm -qa|grep ftp :: ftp last |grep reboot :: reboot -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.10 date : date [OPTION] [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- date +%x :: 04/27/01
date +%d :: 27 date 04271340 :: 27 4 13.40 mmddhhmmccyy) hwclock --systohc :: date restart hardware clock hardware -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.11 top : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- top :: process Redhat 8.0 CPU states: 0.5% user, 1.3% system, 0.0% nice, 98.0% idle Mem: 31328K av, 28872K used, 2456K free, 0K shrd, 1032K buff Swap: 1718912K av, 2608K used, 1716304K free 16528K cached PID USER PRI NI SIZE RSS SHARE STAT LIB %CPU %MEM TIME COMMAND 18306 root 14 0 852 852 672 R 0 1.5 2.7 0:00 top 18229 root 1 0 1684 1536 1240 S 0 0.3 4.9 0:00 sshd 1 root 0 0 160 116 92 S 0 0.0 0.3 0:08 init 2 root 0 0 0 0 0 SW 0 0.0 0.0 0:01 kflushd --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.12 ntsysv setup : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- setup :: system services server httpd, imap, ipop3, iptables, named, network, sendmail, servers, services, vsftpd, xinetd web, mail, ftp dns ntsysv :: setup, services ( RH -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.13 route : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # route Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 202.29.78.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 127.0.0.0 * 255.0.0.0 U 0 0 0 lo default 202.29.78.254 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.14 shutdown, reboot : --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
shutdown -h now halt :: 1 reboot shutdown -r now :: clear -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.15 runlevel : etc/inittab level level chkconfig 2.18 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #/sbin/runlevel :: level #cat /etc/inittab :: level -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.16 fsck : linux -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #fsck / :: harddisk harddisk #fsck /dev/hdc :: harddisk dev/hdc harddisk -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.17 chown, chgrp : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.2 chmod 3 #chownburin:users x :: x burin users
#chgrp users y :: x users -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.18 chkconfig : level -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- level etc/inittab level level start linux level # /etc/inittab # Default runlevel. The runlevels used by RHS are: # 0 - halt (Do NOT set initdefault to this) # 1 - Single user mode # 2 - Multiuser, without NFS (The same as 3, if you do not have networking) # 3 - Full multiuser mode # 4 - unused # 5 - X11 # 6 - reboot (Do NOT set initdefault to this) #id:5:initdefault: id:3:initdefault: #/sbin/chkconfig --add mysql :: mysql system services #/sbin/chkconfig --list :: level #/sbin/chkconfig --level 3 sendmail on :: sendmail level 3 (Text mode)
#/sbin/chkconfig --level 5 sendmail on :: sendmail level 5 (X Windows) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.19 mount, umount : partition Diskette Handy drive -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- mount harddisk server 1 harddisk hdc fdisk -l partition 1 hdc x #mkdir /x #mount /dev/hdc1 /x x h

More Related Content

PPT
Raj linux
firstplanet
 
PPT
Introduction to Unix
Sudharsan S
 
DOCX
Linux basic commands
Teja Bheemanapally
 
DOC
Some basic unix commands
aaj_sarkar06
 
PPT
3. intro
Harsh Shrimal
 
PPT
8.1.intro unix
southees
 
PPT
Unix(introduction)
meashi
 
PDF
Linux
Abolfazl Hashemi
 
Raj linux
firstplanet
 
Introduction to Unix
Sudharsan S
 
Linux basic commands
Teja Bheemanapally
 
Some basic unix commands
aaj_sarkar06
 
3. intro
Harsh Shrimal
 
8.1.intro unix
southees
 
Unix(introduction)
meashi
 
Linux
Abolfazl Hashemi
 

What's hot (20)

PPT
cisco
edomaldo
 
PPTX
Unix Linux Commands Presentation 2013
Wave Digitech
 
ODP
Linux Introduction (Commands)
anandvaidya
 
PPT
Linux Commands
Ramasubbu .P
 
ODP
Linux commands
Balakumaran Arunachalam
 
PPTX
Linux training
artisriva
 
PPT
Linux
Hema Prasanth
 
PPTX
Know the UNIX Commands
Brahma Killampalli
 
PPS
QSpiders - Unix Operating Systems and Commands
Qspiders - Software Testing Training Institute
 
PDF
Unix Command Line Productivity Tips
Keith Bennett
 
PPTX
Linux Command Suumary
mentorsnet
 
PDF
Quick Guide with Linux Command Line
Anuchit Chalothorn
 
PPTX
Basic commands of linux
shravan saini
 
PPT
Basic Unix
Rajesh Kumar
 
PDF
basic-unix.pdf
OmprakashNath2
 
PPT
Linux
Ankush Jain
 
PPT
Linux presentation
Nikhil Jain
 
PDF
Linux commands
debashis rout
 
PDF
Useful Linux and Unix commands handbook
Wave Digitech
 
PPTX
Terminal Commands (Linux - ubuntu) (part-1)
raj upadhyay
 
cisco
edomaldo
 
Unix Linux Commands Presentation 2013
Wave Digitech
 
Linux Introduction (Commands)
anandvaidya
 
Linux Commands
Ramasubbu .P
 
Linux commands
Balakumaran Arunachalam
 
Linux training
artisriva
 
Linux
Hema Prasanth
 
Know the UNIX Commands
Brahma Killampalli
 
QSpiders - Unix Operating Systems and Commands
Qspiders - Software Testing Training Institute
 
Unix Command Line Productivity Tips
Keith Bennett
 
Linux Command Suumary
mentorsnet
 
Quick Guide with Linux Command Line
Anuchit Chalothorn
 
Basic commands of linux
shravan saini
 
Basic Unix
Rajesh Kumar
 
basic-unix.pdf
OmprakashNath2
 
Linux
Ankush Jain
 
Linux presentation
Nikhil Jain
 
Linux commands
debashis rout
 
Useful Linux and Unix commands handbook
Wave Digitech
 
Terminal Commands (Linux - ubuntu) (part-1)
raj upadhyay
 
Ad

Similar to คำสั่งยูนิกส์ Command line (20)

PPSX
Linux: An Unbeaten Empire
Yogesh Sharma
 
PPTX
Presentation for RHCE in linux
Kuldeep Tiwari
 
PDF
Linux Presentation
nishantsri
 
PPT
HISTORY, TYPES OF EMBEDDED LINUX, COMMANDS,
KesavanT10
 
PDF
Linux redhat final
chbashir22268
 
DOCX
Unix_commands_theory
Niti Patel
 
PPTX
An Introduction to Linux
Dimas Prasetyo
 
PPTX
Basics of-linux
Singsys Pte Ltd
 
PDF
60761 linux
Ritika Ahlawat
 
PPT
Unix fundamentals
Dima Gomaa
 
PPT
Linux history & features
Rohit Kumar
 
PPTX
Unix_Introduction_BCA.pptx the very basi
Priyadarshini648418
 
PPT
linux-lecture5 storage fs vm guide for linux.ppt
df3
 
PPT
Linux lecture5
ranapoonam1
 
PPTX
Linux powerpoint
bijanshr
 
PPTX
Ordina Accelerator program 2019 - Linux
Bert Koorengevel
 
PPT
Terminal basic-commands(Unix) -partI
Kedar Bhandari
 
PDF
Raspberry Pi - Lecture 2 Linux OS
Mohamed Abdallah
 
PDF
Module 02 Using Linux Command Shell
Tushar B Kute
 
PPT
Linux Basics
sathish sak
 
Linux: An Unbeaten Empire
Yogesh Sharma
 
Presentation for RHCE in linux
Kuldeep Tiwari
 
Linux Presentation
nishantsri
 
HISTORY, TYPES OF EMBEDDED LINUX, COMMANDS,
KesavanT10
 
Linux redhat final
chbashir22268
 
Unix_commands_theory
Niti Patel
 
An Introduction to Linux
Dimas Prasetyo
 
Basics of-linux
Singsys Pte Ltd
 
60761 linux
Ritika Ahlawat
 
Unix fundamentals
Dima Gomaa
 
Linux history & features
Rohit Kumar
 
Unix_Introduction_BCA.pptx the very basi
Priyadarshini648418
 
linux-lecture5 storage fs vm guide for linux.ppt
df3
 
Linux lecture5
ranapoonam1
 
Linux powerpoint
bijanshr
 
Ordina Accelerator program 2019 - Linux
Bert Koorengevel
 
Terminal basic-commands(Unix) -partI
Kedar Bhandari
 
Raspberry Pi - Lecture 2 Linux OS
Mohamed Abdallah
 
Module 02 Using Linux Command Shell
Tushar B Kute
 
Linux Basics
sathish sak
 
Ad

คำสั่งยูนิกส์ Command line

  • 1. Command Line (Linux 1) ls dir DOS) list ls [option] [file] option ls -l Long Format Permission -a -F Directory execute ls –l ls -al ls -F adduser User Unix,Linux adduser -g (group) -d (Directory) (User) adduser -g root -d /home/user1 user User Login user1 root useradd User Unix,Linux ( adduser) useradd -g (group) -d (Directory) (User) useradd -g root -d /home/user1 user User Login user1 root userdel User Unix,Linux userdel [option] (Username) userdel -r root user1 User Login User1 -r
  • 2. Home Directory User1 passwd User Unix,Linux passwd [Username] passwd user1 ( User1 User Unix Login alias Unix,Linux ( SET DOS RUN alias [ alias copy=cp copy cp bash Bourne again shell Unix,Linux bash bash [Enter] ( Bourne again shell) bc Unix,Linux bc [-lwsqv] [option] [file] bc [Enter] 1+2 [Enter] 1^2 [Enter] a=3 [Enter] b=4 [Enter] a*b [Enter] x=2;y=5;x+y[Enter] [Ctrl-d] Install Packet cp copy DOS)
  • 3. copy cp source target #cp test.txt /home/user1 cal Unix,Linux cal cal [Enter]( cal -y [Enter]( cat File Unix,Linux ( Type DOS) cat cat /home/user1 | more home/user1 C Compiler Compile C Unix,Linux ( Type DOS) cc [filename] cc /home/user1/industry.c Compile C industry.c Directory /home/user1 cd
  • 4. Change Directory Unix,Linux ( CD DOS) cd [directory] cd /etc [Enter] Directory etc cd ..[Enter] Directory 1 chfin Change your finger information Unix,Linux ( User chfn [username] chfn User1 User1 chgrp Change Group Unix,Linux ( chgrp [-chfRv] (Group) (File) chgrp root /root/* Group root Group root chmod Change Mode Unix,Linux ( chmod [ File) test chmod 754 test chmod go +r-w test chmod o-r * Mode rwx = 7 ; rw - =6 ; r-x =5 ; r- - = 4 ; - wx = 3 ; - w - = 2 ; - - x =1;--=0 2
  • 5. 1. 2. 2 1 User Group Other = ugo go-r-w+x Run -rwxrwxrwx = Read Write Execute 111 101 100 = 754 Group Execute chown Change Owner Unix,Linux ( chown [ File) chown user1 filename filename User1 chown -R user1.root dirname Sub dirname. chsh chsh Unix,Linux ( Shell User) chsh [Username] chsh user1 [Enter] /bin/bash [Enter] clear
  • 6. clear Unix,Linux ( cls dos) clear clear [Enter] cal Unix,Linux cal cal [Enter]( cal -y [Enter]( mesg mesg status terminal mesg y terminal mesg n terminal date date 17 May 2004 df df Unix,Linux ( df [option] [file] df [Enter] dmesg dmesg Unix,Linux ( Boot)
  • 7. dmesg dmesg | more [Enter] Linux Driver CD- Rom echo echo Unix,Linux ( ECHO DOS) echo ( echo my name is user1 echo Hello > /dev/tty2 Hello 2 ed ed Unix,Linux ( Text file edlin DOS) ed (fileName) ed /home/user/test ( q) pico vi emacs emacs emacs Unix,Linux ( Text file ) emacs (fileName) emacs /home/user/test (help Ctrl - h ; Ctrl - x Ctrl - c) exit exit Unix,Linux (
  • 8. exit exit finger finger Unix,Linux ( User Login Who finger [username] finger user1 user1 fsck fsck Unix,Linux ( Linux file system Scandisk Dos) fsck [option] sbin/fsck -a /dev/hd1 ftp ftp Unix,Linux ( ftp (IP or Name of FTP Server ) ftp 132.209.1.2 [Enter] Login:anonymous , Password: Username@YourDomain.com ls - ; pwd - dir. ;cd - dir ;lcd - local dir ;mput* - ;mget – ;bye -
  • 9. grep grep Unix,Linux ( grep (option) grep -i ftp /etc/test ftp" etc/test groupadd groupadd Unix,Linux ( User) groupadd (GroupName ) #groupadd staff User Staff groupdel groupdel Unix,Linux ( User) groupadd (GroupName ) #groupdel staff User Staff gzip/gunzip gzip/gunzip Unix,Linux ( gzip gunzip (-cdfhlLnNrtv19 ) [file] -- #gzip -9vr /home/samba/* Sub /home/samba gz #gunzip -dvr /home/samba/* gz Sub /home/samba halt halt Unix,Linux (
  • 10. halt [-n] [-w] [-d] [-f] [-I] [-p] #halt Shutdown ; init0 , reboot history history Unix,Linux ( Command line F7 DOS Dos key) history [n] [-r wan [filename] ] #history 20 20 ifconfig history Unix,Linux ( Network Lan Card) ifconfig [option] #ifconfig ipchains ipchains Unix,Linux ( Firewall) ipchains [parameter] command [option] #ipchains -L Set IPchains jobs jobs Unix,Linux ( Firewall) jobs
  • 11. #sleep 20 & jobs kill kill Unix,Linux ( Process) kill [option] (process ID) ps -A PID Process Kill -9 login login nnn nnn PID -9 Unix,Linux ( User Login) login [fp] (UserName) #login:root mkdir directory ( dos) make directory mkdirmkdir [option] [file] option mkdir -m Permissioin ( chmod -p Parent Directory directory relative absolute path mkdir /home
  • 12. mkdir -p -m755 ~/home/user1 mv Directory dos) move mv source target mv *.tar /backup mv test.txt old.txt mv bin oldbin more cat more more file more = q h help more test.txt man man Unix,Linux ( man (Command) #man ls
  • 13. q; Spacebar] ; mount mount Unix,Linux ( mount (-t type) DeviceDriverMountPoint # Mount 1 CdRom mount -t iso9660 /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom # Mount CdRom 2 mount /dev/cdrom ( mount CD mnt/CdRom Unmount) rmdir directory ( dos) remove directory rmdir [option] [file] option mkdir -p Child Parent Directory directory relative absolute path rmdir /home tar backup restore file tar directory file permission ( UNIX) tape archive tar [option]... [file]...
  • 14. option echo -c backup) -t backup -v -f file -x restore tar -xvf data.tar talk 2 Talk talk user[@host] [tty] host ytalk 2 tty Log in 1 talk m2k@nanastreet.com write write user [tty] write
  • 15. write EOF CTRL+C interrupt write Enter write m2k who am i login login whoami who am i ( SUN OS UNIX file file DOS/Windows UNIX Context file Content file [option]... file file /bin/sh file report1.doc
  • 16. free free [-b|-k|-m] option free -b byte -k kilobyte -m megabyte free free –b free -k pwd Directory cd DOS) print work directory pwd uname OS cpu uname -a hostname hostname tty terminal tty id id
  • 18. LINUX UNIX (Linux 2) 1.1 ls : home directory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- account linux home directory linux ls parameter -al --sort ls -alt :: alt ls -alt | more :: 1 ls -al --sort=time | more :: ls -R | more :: directory ls ls -l D Column ls -al directory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.2 chmod : Owner), Group), Other) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ls RWXRWXRWX webmaster
  • 19. CGI CGI server Perl x) chmod 755 hello.pl chmod 775 fileforyou.pl chmod +x test.pl 3 R Read W Write X Execute --- : 0) --X : 1) R-- : 4) RW- : 6) R-X : 5) RWX : 7) RWXRWXRWX 9 3 3 3 RWX------ : 700) RWXRWX--- : 770) RWXR-XR-X : 755) R--R--R-- : 444)
  • 20. chmod 777 index.php :: 3 chmod 755 * -Rf :: direcroty -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.3 man : Manual) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- unix linux parameter linux man man man :: man man ls :: ls man useradd :: useradd -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.4 mkdir, rmdir, cd : directory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- dos directory directory 3 mkdir directory (Make directory) rm directory (Remove directory) cd
  • 21. directory (Change directory) mkdir hello :: directory hello rmdir hello.htm :: hello.htm cd / :: directory root cd .. :: directory 1 cd ~/x :: x home directory home/thaiall/x home directory home/thaiall -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.5 pico : editor text vi -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- pico enter ^ Ctrl pico xx xx xx xx Ctrl-X vi pico pine pico pine CD rpm -i pine*
  • 22. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.6 emacs : editor text vi -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- pico pico emacs ctrl-h ctrl-x + ctrl-c pico editor emacs pico emacs Welcome to GNU Emacs, one component of a Linux-based GNU system. Get help C-h (Hold down CTRL and press h) Undo changes C-x u Exit Emacs C-x C-c Get a tutorial C-h t Use Info to read docs C-h i Ordering manuals C-h RET Activate menubar F10 or ESC ` or M-` (`C-' means use the CTRL key. `M-' means use the Meta (or Alt) key. If you have no Meta key, you may instead type ESC followed by the character.) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.7 vi : editor text -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Text editor linux pico mail pine vi linux man
  • 23. vi esc enter i a A dd x 1 cw :w :q! :wq vi -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.8 id, finger, who, w : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- id uname :: account uname finger uname :: account uname last login email finger @www.isinthai.com :: login who |grepthai :: thai w :: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.9 cat : type DOS
  • 24. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- cat /etc/passwd :: etc/passwd cat /etc/passwd | more :: etc/passwd passwd suwit:x:500:500:Suwit:/home/suwit:/bin/bash prasert:x:501:501:: /home/prasert:/bin/bash bcom101:x:502:502::/home/bcom302:/bin/bash -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.10 ifconfig : Network interface ip server -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:20:18:C0:06:C4 inet addr:202.29.78.12 Bcast:202.29.78.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:673054 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:666268 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:100 RX bytes:74892865 (71.4 Mb) TX bytes:680121131 (648.6 Mb) Interrupt:9 Base address:0xcf00 eth0:1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:20:18:C0:06:C4 inet addr:202.29.78.1 Bcast:202.29.78.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 Interrupt:9 Base address:0xcf00 ip 1 ip #/sbin/ifconfig eth0:1 202.29.78.1 IP 9.10 etc/rc.d/rc.local --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  • 25. 1.11 netstat : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- netstat -a Active Internet connections (servers and established) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 *:mysql *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:http *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:ftp *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:ssh *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:smtp *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:https *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 www.isinthai.com:ssh 202.29.78.200:1225 ESTABLI SHED Active UNIX domain sockets (servers and established) Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node Path unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 855 /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 119 /dev/log unix 2 [] STREAM CONNECTED 3007 unix 2 [] STREAM CONNECTED 859 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.12 service : running -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- service --status-all httpd (pid 2160 2159 2158 2155 2114 583 579 578 577 576 575 573) is running... mysqld (pid 446 429 427 414) is running...
  • 26. sendmail (pid 1700 1690) is running... sshd (pid 2970 358) is running... xinetd (pid 3923 369) is running... -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.13 xinetd : xinetd etc/xinetd.d talk talk server -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- xinetd -d Service configuration: ftp id = ftp flags = IPv4 socket_type = stream Protocol (name,number) = (tcp,6) Nice = 10 Groups = no Bind = All addresses. Server = /usr/sbin/vsftpd Server argv = vsftpd Only from: All sites No access: No blocked sites Logging to syslog. Facility = authpriv, level = info Log_on_success flags = HOST PID Log_on_failure flags = HOST
  • 27. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.14 whereis : PATH find -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- whereisusermod :: usermod run whereisifconfig :: ifconfig sbin/ifconfig -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.15 cp, rm, mv : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- cp x y :: x y x cp rm y :: y directory rm -r directoryname :: directory sun directory confirm rm -rfdirectoryname :: directory Redhat directory confirm rm -f * :: yes mv x /root :: x root -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.16 ping : ip internet ping www.thaiall.com :: www.thaiall.com IP
  • 28. ping 202.29.78.100 -c 5 :: 5 ping 202.29.78.2 :: ip PING 202.29.78.2 (202.29.78.2) from 202.29.78.12 : 56(84) bytes of data. From 202.29.78.12 icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable From 202.29.78.12 icmp_seq=2 Destination Host Unreachable From 202.29.78.12 icmp_seq=3 Destination Host Unreachable -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.17 env : environment -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- env HISTSIZE=1000 SSH_CLIENT=202.29.78.100 1091 22 OLDPWD=/usr/sbin QTDIR=/usr/lib/qt3-gcc3.2 SSH_TTY=/dev/pts/0 USER=burin LS_COLORS=no=00:fi=00:di=00;34:ln=00;36:pi=40;33:so=00;35:bd=40; .... : PATH=/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin MAIL=/var/spool/mail/burin PWD=/etc INPUTRC=/etc/inputrc LANG=en_US.UTF-8 HOME=/root
  • 29. SHLVL=2 LOGNAME=burin LESSOPEN=|/usr/bin/lesspipe.sh %s G_BROKEN_FILENAMES=1 _=/bin/env -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.18 lynx : Text browser source download -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- lynx www.thaiall.com :: www.thaiall.com text mode lynx http://www.yonok.ac.th :: www.yonok.ac.th text mode lynx -dump http://www.yonok.ac.th :: interactive view lynx -dump -width=500 http://piology.org/.procmailrc.html|grep '^|'|cut - c3- :: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.19 nslookup : name server ip domain name -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Redhat dig host host yn1.yonok.ac.th dig yn1.yonok.ac.th nslookup exit > nslookup 202.28.18.65 Non-authoritative answer: 65.18.28.202.in-addr.arpa name = mars.uni.net.th.
  • 30. Authoritative answers can be found from: 18.28.202.in-addr.arpa nameserver = mars.uni.net.th. 18.28.202.in-addr.arpa nameserver = ns.netserv.chula.ac.th. mars.uni.net.th internet address = 202.28.18.65 nslookup www.thaiall.com Name: www.thaiall.com Address: 66.150.1.141 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.20 tail : cat -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- tail index.html :: index.html Current directory tail --lines=5 /var/log/messages :: var/log/messages root tail /var/log/html/access.log :: 10 default tail --lines=100 /var/log/html/access_log>access_bak :: backup mv -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.21 telnet : server port server telnet SSH -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- telnet 202.202.202.202 :: 202.202.202.202 port port 23
  • 31. telnet www.school.net.th 21 :: port 21 FTP port telnet mail.loxinfo.co.th 25 :: smtp telnet class.yonok.ac.th 110 :: pop service windows server 2003 Microsoft Windows POP3 Service Version 1.0 ready. USER aa@class.yonok.ac.th +OK PASS xxxxxxx +OK User successfully logged on -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.1 df : Harddisk -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Harddisk upload user server clear df :: Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/hda5 505605 82764 396737 18% / /dev/hda1 101089 9180 86690 10% /boot /dev/hda3 1423096 41956 1308848 4% /home none 30740 0 30740 0% /dev/shm /dev/hda2 3889924 1551872 2140456 43% /usr /dev/hda6 1027768 952876 22684 98% /var -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.2 du : directory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- directory
  • 32. du :: directory du -all :: directory du | sort -g :: directory sort Kb du -b :: byte directory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.3 ps : Process -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- run bot server ps :: process ps -ef :: process ps -ax :: process ps -aux :: process -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.4 kill : process process kill process -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- process process kill super user
  • 33. kill -9 process :: process ps - ef kill -9 1255 :: process 1255 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.5 find : directory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- find / -name hello.pl :: hello.pl directory find / -name hello* :: hello find /bin -size 626188c :: 626188 RH8 bash -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.6 gzip : gz z tar tar.gz -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- gzip -d x.tar.gz :: gz man gzip :: gzip gzip -d radius-1.16.1.tar.Z :: ftp.livingston.com/pub/le/radius/ gzip -dc x.tar.Z|tarxvf - :: 2 gzip tar x.tar.z -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.7 tar : tar --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  • 34. tar xvf x.tar :: tar directory tar xvfz squid-2.3-200103110000-src.tar.gz :: gz tar gzip tar man tar :: tar tar zcvf abc.tar.gz /etc :: copy /etc abc.tar.gz tar zxvf abc.tar.gz :: abc.tar.gz directory /etc -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.8 last : login -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- last |grep reboot :: reboot last |more :: login -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.9 grep : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- more /etc/passwd|grepthaiall :: etc/passwd thaiall rpm -qa|grep ftp :: ftp last |grep reboot :: reboot -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.10 date : date [OPTION] [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- date +%x :: 04/27/01
  • 35. date +%d :: 27 date 04271340 :: 27 4 13.40 mmddhhmmccyy) hwclock --systohc :: date restart hardware clock hardware -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.11 top : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- top :: process Redhat 8.0 CPU states: 0.5% user, 1.3% system, 0.0% nice, 98.0% idle Mem: 31328K av, 28872K used, 2456K free, 0K shrd, 1032K buff Swap: 1718912K av, 2608K used, 1716304K free 16528K cached PID USER PRI NI SIZE RSS SHARE STAT LIB %CPU %MEM TIME COMMAND 18306 root 14 0 852 852 672 R 0 1.5 2.7 0:00 top 18229 root 1 0 1684 1536 1240 S 0 0.3 4.9 0:00 sshd 1 root 0 0 160 116 92 S 0 0.0 0.3 0:08 init 2 root 0 0 0 0 0 SW 0 0.0 0.0 0:01 kflushd --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  • 36. 2.12 ntsysv setup : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- setup :: system services server httpd, imap, ipop3, iptables, named, network, sendmail, servers, services, vsftpd, xinetd web, mail, ftp dns ntsysv :: setup, services ( RH -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.13 route : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # route Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 202.29.78.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 127.0.0.0 * 255.0.0.0 U 0 0 0 lo default 202.29.78.254 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.14 shutdown, reboot : --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  • 37. shutdown -h now halt :: 1 reboot shutdown -r now :: clear -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.15 runlevel : etc/inittab level level chkconfig 2.18 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #/sbin/runlevel :: level #cat /etc/inittab :: level -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.16 fsck : linux -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #fsck / :: harddisk harddisk #fsck /dev/hdc :: harddisk dev/hdc harddisk -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.17 chown, chgrp : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.2 chmod 3 #chownburin:users x :: x burin users
  • 38. #chgrp users y :: x users -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.18 chkconfig : level -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- level etc/inittab level level start linux level # /etc/inittab # Default runlevel. The runlevels used by RHS are: # 0 - halt (Do NOT set initdefault to this) # 1 - Single user mode # 2 - Multiuser, without NFS (The same as 3, if you do not have networking) # 3 - Full multiuser mode # 4 - unused # 5 - X11 # 6 - reboot (Do NOT set initdefault to this) #id:5:initdefault: id:3:initdefault: #/sbin/chkconfig --add mysql :: mysql system services #/sbin/chkconfig --list :: level #/sbin/chkconfig --level 3 sendmail on :: sendmail level 3 (Text mode)
  • 39. #/sbin/chkconfig --level 5 sendmail on :: sendmail level 5 (X Windows) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.19 mount, umount : partition Diskette Handy drive -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- mount harddisk server 1 harddisk hdc fdisk -l partition 1 hdc x #mkdir /x #mount /dev/hdc1 /x x h