Commands
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This document provides summaries of several common Windows networking commands: 1. The ping command sends messages to a device to test connectivity and troubleshoot network problems, using the format "ping hostname" or "ping IPaddress". 2. The ipconfig command displays network configuration details like IP addresses and DNS servers, and includes options like "/all" to show more details and "/release" to change the IP address. 3. Additional commands described include hostname to display the system name, getmac to view MAC addresses, netstat to show network statistics, ARP to map IP to MAC addresses, nslookup to resolve hostnames and IP addresses, route to view and modify routing tables, and pathping which combines ping and
Commands
- 1. 1. Ping Command The ping command is one of the most often used networking utilities for detecting devices on a network and for troubleshooting network problems. When you ping a device you send that device a short message, which it then sends back (the echo). The general format is ping hostname or ping IPaddress. Example ping www.google.com or ping 216.58.208.68 This article covers the ping command in more detail 2. ipconfig Command Another indispensable and frequently used utility that is used for finding network information about your local machine like IP addresses, DNS addresses etc Basic Use: Finding Your IP Address and Default Gateway Type the command ipconfig at the prompt. The following is displayed Ip config has a number of switches the most common are: ipconfig /all – displays more information about the network setup on your systems including the MAC address. ipconfig /release – release the current IP address ipconfig /renew – renew IP address
- 2. ipconfig /? -shows help ipconfig/flushdns – flush the dns cache 3. Hostname Command A very simple command that displays the host name of your machine. This is much quicker than going to the control panel>system route. 4. getmac Command Another very simple command that shows the MAC address of your network interfaces 5NetStat If you are experiencing problems with network communications, then network statistics can sometimes help point you toward the root cause of the problem. That’s where the aptly named NetStat command comes into play. This command has a number of different functions, but the most useful of these is to display network summary information for the device. To see this type of summary information, just type NetStat -e. ARP The ARP command corresponds to the Address Resolution Protocol. Although it is easy to think of network communications in terms of IP addressing, packet delivery is ultimately dependent on the Media Access Control (MAC) address of the device’s network adapter. This is where the Address Resolution Protocol comes into play. Its job is to map IP addresses to MAC addresses. Windows devices maintain an ARP cache, which contains the results of recent ARP queries. You can see the contents of this cache by using the ARP -A command. If you are having problems communicating with one specific host, you can append the remote host’s IP address to the ARP -A command.
- 3. Type arp at the command line to see all available options. 6. NSLOOKUP The main use of nslookup is for troubleshooting DNS related problems. Nslookup can be use in interactive and non-interactive mode. To use in interactive mode type nslookup at the command line and hit return. You should get an nslookup command prompt. To use in non-interactive mode type nslookup options at the command prompt. Using Nslookup To illustrate the use of nslookup we are going to use it to: Find the IP address of a host.
- 4. Find the domain name of an IP address. Find mail servers for a domain. Route IP networks use routing tables to direct packets from one subnet to another. The Windows Route utility allows you to view the device’s routing tables. To do so, simply type Route Print. The cool thing about the Route command is that it not only shows you the routing table, it lets you make changes. Commands such as Route Add, Route Delete, and Route Change allow you to make routing table modifications on an as needed basis. The changes that you make can be persistent or nonpersistent, depending on whether you use the -P switch. PathPing Earlier, I talked about the Ping utility and the Tracert utility, and the similarities between them. As you might have guessed, the PathPing tool is a utility that combines the best aspects of Tracert and Ping. Entering the PathPing command followed by a host name initiates what looks like a somewhat standard Tracert process. Once this process completes however, the tool takes 300 seconds (five minutes) to gather statistics, and then reports latency and packet loss statistics that are more detailed than those provided by Ping or Tracert.