Communication Skills and personal development motivation .pptx define classification
- 1. MOTIVATION
- 2. INTRODUCTION • The word motivation has been derived form the root motive which means latent power in a person which impel him to do work. • Motivation means motion, an inner state that energies, activates, moves and directs human behaviour towards goal. • Motivation is internal hypothetical process that provide energy for behaviour and directed towards goal. • Motivation is the process of initiating a conscious and purposeful action. It explains why people do the things.
- 3. Motivations is the results f interaction between both conscious and unconscious factors such as: • Intensity of desire/need • Incentive or reward value of the goal • Expectations of individual
- 4. IMPORTANCE OF MOTIVATION • High level of performance • Good human relation • Increase in morale • Proper use of human resources • Helps to achieve goal
- 5. TYPES OF MOTIVATION • There are two Main Categories of Motivation: • 1. Intrinsic Motivation -Intrinsic motivation is a type of motivation in which an individual is being motivated by internal desires. Our deep rooted desire have highest motivational power. • 2. Extrinsic Motivation- Extrinsic motivation, on the other hand, is a type of motivation in which an individual is being motivated by external desires.
- 7. MASLOW NEED HIERARCHY THEORY • Psychologist Abraham Maslow first developed his famous theory of individual development and motivation in the 1940’s. • He suggested that human beings have a hierarchy of needs. • All humans act in a way which will address basic needs, before moving on to satisfy other, so-called higher level needs. • Maslow represented this theory as a hierarchical triangle. This shows how basic needs must be met before one can “climb” the hierarchy, to address more complex needs • The Maslow motivation theory is one of the best known and most influential theories on workplace motivation.
- 9. The Maslow motivation theory is typically represented by 5 steps: • Physiological needs – Basic requirement for survival of human being such as hunger, thirst, clothing, shelter and sleep. • Safety needs – once physiological need are met safety need takes over such as health, security, protection etc. • Social needs – sometimes also referred to as love needs such as friendship, giving and receiving love, engaging in social activities and group membership. • Esteem needs – need which is respected by others include both self-respect and the esteem of others. For example, the desire for self-confidence and achievement, and recognition and appreciation. • Self-actualization – This is about the desire to develop and realize your full potential. To become everything you can be example morality.
- 10. HERZBERG TWO FACTOR THEORY • Motivation-hygiene theory is also known as Herzberg’s two-factor theory or Herzberg’s dual-factor theory (1959). • The main concept of this theory is the difference between motivation factors and hygiene factors. • These two factors that have an effect on job satisfaction are divided into two sets of categories. • Hygiene factors are considered less important to job satisfaction than motivation factors. Hygiene factors are related to ‘the need to avoid unpleasantness’. • Motivation factors lead to job satisfaction because of ‘the need of the individual for self-growth and self-actualisation’.
- 11. MCCLELLAND THEORY • David McCelland's needs theory recognizes that everyone prioritizes needs differently, He also believes that individuals are not born with these needs, but that they are actually learned through life experience. • McClelland identifies three specific needs: 1. Need for Achievement is the drive to do better. It is characterized by challenges. 2. Need for Power is the desire to control others or influence their behaviour. It is characterized by leadership. 3. Need for Affiliation is the desire for friendly, close interpersonal relationships and conflict avoidance. It is characterized by being acceptable.
- 12. ALDERFER’S THEORY Clayton Alderfer rework is called as ERG theory of motivation. He redefined Maslow’s need into three simpler and broader classes of needs: • Existence needs- These include need for basic material necessities. In short, it includes an individual’s physiological and physical safety needs. • Relatedness needs- These include the aspiration individual’s have for maintaining significant interpersonal relationships (be it with family, peers or superiors), getting public fame and recognition. Maslow’s social needs and external component of esteem needs fall under this class of need. • Growth needs- These include need for self-development and personal growth and advancement. Maslow’s self-actualization needs and intrinsic component of esteem needs fall under this category of need.
- 14. GOAL SETTING THEORY • In 1960’s, Edwin Locke developed Goal-setting theory of motivation. This theory states that goal setting is essentially linked to task performance. • It states that specific and challenging goals along with appropriate feedback contribute to higher and better task performance. • In simple words, goals indicate and give direction to an employee about what needs to be done and how much efforts are required to be put in.
- 15. The important features of goal-setting theory are as follows: • The willingness to work towards attainment of goal is main source of job motivation. Clear, particular and difficult goals are greater motivating factors than easy, general and vague goals. • Specific and clear goals lead to greater output and better performance. • Goals should be realistic and challenging. This gives an individual a feeling of pride when he attains them, and sets him up for attainment of next goal. • Better and appropriate feedback of results directs the employee behaviour and contributes to higher performance than absence of feedback. It helps employees to work with more involvement and leads to greater job satisfaction. • Participation of setting goal, however, makes goal more acceptable and leads to more involvement.
- 16. REINFORCEMENT THEORY B.F. Skinner derived the reinforcement theory, one of the oldest theories of motivation. The theory may also be known as Behaviorism. The theory states that "an individual’s behavior is a function of its consequences. • It is based on “law of effect” i.e., individual’s behaviour with positive consequences tends to be repeated, but individual’s behaviour with negative consequences tends not to be repeated. • Positive reinforcement implies giving a positive response when an individual shows positive stimuli. • Negative reinforcement implies rewarding an employee by removing negative/undesirable. • Punishment reinforcement implies removing positive consequences so as to lower the probability of repeating.
- 17. IMPORTANCE OF MOTIVATION IN EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT Motivation has several effects on the learning process and behavior of students. It enhances conscious thinking process. • Attach meaning to your study • Create plan to study • Build a routine • Identify comfortable working environment • Talk positively to yourself