The document summarizes two studies: a comparative study and a non-comparative study. The comparative study compared learning styles of students in an online class versus an equivalent on-campus class. It found that online students tended to be more independent learners while on-campus students preferred more dependence and rewards. The non-comparative study examined relationships between student characteristics like self-efficacy and achievement goals, and academic success in distance education programs. It found motivational characteristics like self-efficacy can impact achievement and suggested advisors help motivate students through feedback. Both studies utilized questionnaires or surveys to collect data about students.