COMPARING THE CHALLENGES OF IMPLEMENTING WEB-BASED AND TRADITIONAL TEACHING SYSTEMS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Advances in Engineering: An International Journal (ADEIJ), Vol.4, No.1
1
COMPARING THE CHALLENGES OF IMPLEMENTING
WEB-BASED AND TRADITIONAL TEACHING
SYSTEMS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: A
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Hlaing Htake Khaung Tin1
, J.Samuel ManoHarn2
1
Faculty of Information Science , University of Information Technology, Myanmar
2
Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Sir Isaac Newton College of
Engineering & Technology, India
ABSTRACT
Web-based teaching systems have several advantages and have the potential to benefit education greatly. It
is significant to carefully consider learners' and instructors' specific needs and circumstances when
deciding whether to use these systems. Using web-based and traditional teaching methods may be
appropriate to provide a well-rounded educational experience. It may be appropriate to use a combination
of web-based and traditional teaching methods to provide a well-rounded educational experience. Web-
based teaching systems have the potential to greatly benefit education in developing countries by
increasing access to quality education and reducing the cost of delivering education. However, there are
also several challenges to implementing these systems in developing countries, such as limited
infrastructure and resources, limited access to technology, and low digital literacy. The purpose of this
review article is to analyse and contrast the efficacy of web-based teaching systems with traditional
teaching systems, assess their respective advantages and disadvantages, identify the factors that influence
their effectiveness, and conclude that web-based teaching systems offer certain benefits over traditional
teaching systems, including greater flexibility, convenience, and the capacity to deliver multimedia content.
However, traditional teaching systems also have advantages, such as the ability to provide face-to-face
interaction and immediate feedback. This review paper examines the factors that impact the efficacy of
both systems, such as the system's design, the quality of the educational materials, and the proficiency of
the instructor. Both systems have their strengths and weaknesses, and the best approach depends on the
specific needs and circumstances of the learner and the instructor.
KEYWORDS
Web-technology, Web-based teaching systems, traditional teachings, developing countries, Myanmar.
1. INTRODUCTION
The popularity of web-based teaching systems has grown in recent years as a result of
technological advancements and the widespread accessibility of the internet. These systems offer
several advantages over traditional [3] teaching methods, including increased flexibility and
convenience, the ability to provide multimedia content, and the potential for personalized
learning experiences.
There are several challenges to implementing Web-based teaching systems in developing
countries. This passage suggests that although there are difficulties in implementing web-based
teaching systems in developing countries, there are initiatives and programs that aim to promote

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their use. [2] For instance, the World Bank has introduced several initiatives with the goal of
increasing access to education in developing countries through technology. An example of such
an initiative is the Global Partnership for Education, which offers financial support and resources
for projects aimed at improving education accessibility in developing countries. There are
certainly challenges to implementing web-based teaching systems in developing countries, there
are also many promising initiatives and programs aimed at promoting these systems and
improving access to quality education for learners in these countries.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
The growing popularity of web-based teaching systems has resulted in the emergence of
numerous authors and developers of such systems. One of the key advantages of web-based
teaching systems is their flexibility. With web-based teaching systems, learners can access course
materials and engage in online discussions from any location with internet access, making it
easier to fit education into their busy schedules. This flexibility enables learners to learn at their
own pace, which can be especially advantageous for those who require more time to comprehend
complex ideas [4]. Web-based teaching systems can also provide access to multimedia content,
such as videos, interactive simulations, and other digital resources, that may not be available in
traditional classroom settings [3]. Using web-based teaching systems can enhance learner
engagement and create a more interactive and stimulating learning experience. Additionally,
various organizations and businesses have designed web-based teaching systems tailored for use
in developing countries. [5] For example, the One Laptop Per Child (OLPC) program has
developed low-cost laptops and tablets designed for use in developing countries, which come pre-
loaded with educational materials and software.
3. BACKGROUND THEORY
There are many authors and developers of web-based teaching systems, as these systems have
become increasingly popular in recent years. The following table 1 shows some examples of
popular web-based teaching systems.

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Table 1. Popular Web-based teaching systems
No Web-based
Teaching Systems
Description
1 Blackboard Inc. Blackboard is a leading provider of web-based teaching and learning
solutions for higher education, K-12, and professional education. Their
flagship product, Blackboard Learn, is used by millions of students and
educators around the world.
2 Moodle Moodle is a free and open-source learning management system (LMS)
that allows educators to create and deliver online courses. Moodle is
developed and maintained by a community of developers and educators
around the world.
3 Canvas Canvas is a cloud-based LMS developed by Instructure. It is used by K-
12 schools, higher education institutions, and businesses to deliver online
courses and training programs.
4 Coursera Coursera is an online learning [1] platform that partners with top
universities and organizations to offer courses and degree programs
online. Their platform uses a combination of video lectures, quizzes, and
interactive assignments to deliver high-quality education to learners
around the world.
5 edX edX is a non-profit online learning platform founded by Harvard
University and MIT. They offer courses and programs from top
universities and institutions around the world, and their platform includes
features such as interactive video lectures, online discussion forums, and
peer assessments.
3.1. Web-based Teaching Systems
A web-based teaching system is an internet-based platform that aims to assist in the process of
teaching and learning. Typically, these systems provide various tools and resources that allow
educators to create and deliver courses and enable learners to access and participate in those
courses. Web-based teaching systems are applicable to various educational settings, including K-
12 schools, colleges and universities, and corporate training programs. They provide advantages
such as flexibility, accessibility, and scalability, allowing learners to access course materials and
engage in learning activities from any location with internet connectivity. The common features
of web-based teaching systems shown in table 2.
Table 2. Common Features of Web-based teaching systems
Teaching Tools Resources
Course management
tools
These allow educators to create and manage courses, including adding
course materials, creating assessments, and tracking student progress.
Communication tools These enable learners to interact with each other and with their instructors,
including through email, discussion forums, and chat rooms.
Assessment tools These allow educators to assess student learning, including through quizzes,
exams, and assignments.
Content delivery tools These enable educators to deliver course materials, such as lectures,
readings, and multimedia content, to learners.
Analytics tools These enable educators to track student progress and identify areas where
learners may need additional support.

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3.2. Web-based Teaching Systems vs Traditional Teaching Systems
Web-based teaching systems and traditional teaching systems have several differences that can
affect the learning experience. Web-based teaching systems and traditional teaching systems have
their advantages and disadvantages, and the choice between them may depend on the specific
context and learning goals shown in table 3.
Table 3. Web-based teaching systems Vs Traditional teaching systems
Learning
Experience
Web-based teaching
systems
Traditional teaching
systems
Remarks
Flexibility With web-based teaching
systems, learners can
access course materials
and participate in learning
activities at any time and
from anywhere with
internet connectivity.
traditional teaching
systems require learners
to attend classes at
specific times and
locations.
Web-based teaching systems
are typically more flexible
than traditional teaching
systems.
Interaction Web-based teaching
systems often rely on
asynchronous
communication tools, such
as email and discussion
forums, which can limit
interaction.
Compared to web-based
teaching systems and
traditional teaching
systems that provide
more opportunities for
face-to-face interaction
between learners and
instructors, as well as
between learners
themselves.
Lack of face-to-face
interaction, potential for
technical issues
Personalization Learners can advance
through courses at their
preferred pace and obtain
instant feedback on their
assessments.
systems often require
learners to progress
through courses at a
predetermined pace and
may not offer immediate
feedback.
often offer more
personalized learning
experiences than traditional
teaching systems.
Access to
resources
Web-based teaching
systems offer learners
access to a wide range of
digital resources, such as
videos, online readings,
and multimedia content.
systems may have more
limited resources, and
learners may need to rely
on physical textbooks
and other materials.
Design of the system,
quality of content, skills of
the instructor
Cost Do not require physical
classrooms, textbooks, and
other materials.
Require physical
classrooms, textbooks,
and other materials. [7]
may be more cost-effective
than traditional teaching
systems. [18]
3.3. Benefits and Advantages of Web-based Teaching Systems
Web-based teaching systems offer educators and learners a range of benefits and advantages that
can enhance the teaching and learning experience. Web-based teaching systems have several
benefits and advantages for both educators and learners. The following table 4 shows benefits and
advantages of educators and learners.

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Table 4. Benefits and Advantages of Web-based teaching systems for educators and learners
Flexibility Web-based teaching systems enable
learners to access course materials and
participate in learning activities at
their convenience from any location
with an internet connection.
This flexibility can be especially
helpful for learners who have other
commitments, such as work or family
responsibilities.
Access to resources Web-based teaching systems offer
learners access to a wide range of
digital resources, such as videos,
online readings, and multimedia
content.
This can help learners to engage with
course materials in different ways and
can accommodate different learning
styles. [11]
Personalization Web-based teaching systems often
offer more personalized learning
experiences than traditional teaching
systems.
Learners can progress through courses
at their own pace and receive
immediate feedback on assessments.
Collaboration Web-based teaching systems often
include communication tools, such as
discussion forums and chat rooms,
which can facilitate collaboration
among learners.[17]
This can help learners to build
relationships with their peers and to
learn from each other.
Cost-effectiveness Web-based teaching systems can be
more cost-effective than traditional
teaching systems, as they do not
require physical classrooms,
textbooks, and other materials.
This can make education more
accessible to learners who may not
have the financial resources to attend
traditional courses.
Scalability Web-based teaching systems can
accommodate large numbers of
learners.
Web-based teaching systems can make
it possible to reach a larger audience
compared to traditional teaching
systems.
4. WEB-BASED TEACHING SYSTEMS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Web-based teaching systems have the potential to bring high-quality education to developing
countries, where access to traditional educational resources may be limited. The following table 5
shows some ways of web-based teaching systems can be useful in developing countries. There is
also the potential for technical issues, such as connectivity problems or glitches in the software,
which can disrupt the learning process.
Table 5. Web-based teaching systems in Developing Countries
Accessibility Web-based teaching systems can enhance accessibility to education for
learners who may not have access to conventional educational resources,
including those in rural regions or those residing far away from schools or
universities. [9]
Cost-effectiveness Web-based teaching systems can be more cost-effective than traditional
teaching systems, as they do not require physical classrooms, textbooks,
and other materials. This can also make education more affordable and
feasible for learners who may not have the financial resources to enroll in
traditional courses.
Customization Web-based teaching systems can be customized to meet the specific
needs of learners in developing countries. This includes offering courses
in local languages and adapting course materials to local cultural
contexts.
Collaboration Web-based teaching systems can facilitate collaboration among learners,

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even in areas where physical classroom space is limited. This can aid
learners in establishing relationships with their peers and learning from
each other.
Access to resources Web-based teaching systems can offer learners in developing countries
access to a wide range of digital resources, such as videos, online
readings, and multimedia content. This can help learners to engage with
course materials in different ways and can accommodate different
learning styles.[11]
Infrastructure Web-based teaching systems can be used to provide education in areas
where physical infrastructure is limited, such as in areas with limited
access to electricity or running water.
5. THE WEB TECHNOLOGY IN MYANMAR
Myanmar has seen significant growth in web technology in recent years, with a rise in internet
access and smartphone usage. Web technology is a vital factor in Myanmar's economic and social
development, and it is aiding in bridging the digital gap between urban and rural regions. The
following ways of web technology is being used in Myanmar are shown in table 6.
Table 6. Using Web Technologies in Myanmar
Web
Technology
Services
Description Application Area
E-commerce The growth of web technology in
Myanmar has led to the rise of e-
commerce platforms, such as
Shop.com.mm and Yangon
Door2Door.
These platforms allow customers to buy and sell
goods online, making it easier for businesses to
reach a wider audience.
Social Media Social media has become an
important tool for communication,
news dissemination, and
marketing in Myanmar.
Social media platforms, such as Facebook, are
very popular in Myanmar, with an estimated 22
million active users.
Education Web technology is being used to
improve access to education in
Myanmar, particularly in rural
areas.
Online courses and educational resources are
being made available through platforms such as
Myanmar Education Online and the Ministry of
Education's online learning portal.
Healthcare Web technology is being
employed to enhance the
availability of healthcare services
in Myanmar.
The emergence of telemedicine platforms, such
as Doctor to Doctor and Proximity Designs, has
made it possible for patients to receive medical
consultations from a distance, providing more
convenient access to healthcare for individuals
living in remote areas.
Government
Services
Web technology is being used to
improve access to government
services in Myanmar.
Several online services have been introduced by
the government, including the Myanmar eVisa
application system, which enables travellers to
apply for visas via the internet.
6. CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, while web-based teaching systems have some advantages, they should not be
viewed as a replacement for traditional teaching systems. Both web-based and traditional
teaching systems have their own strengths and weaknesses, and their effectiveness depends on
various factors such as teaching approach [8], content quality, and instructor skills. It's important

7
to carefully consider the needs and circumstances of the learner and the instructor when choosing
between the two systems, rather than considering one as a substitute for the other. Web-based
teaching systems offer the potential for personalized learning experiences. These systems can use
data and analytics to monitor learners' progress and provide customized recommendations for
further study based on their individual strengths and weaknesses. However, web-based teaching
systems also have some potential drawbacks. The lack of face-to-face interaction is a significant
issue that can make it more difficult for learners to ask questions and get immediate feedback
from instructors. Therefore, when deciding on the most appropriate teaching system, it's crucial
to weigh the advantages and disadvantages of both web-based and traditional teaching systems,
considering the specific requirements of the learners and instructors. Both systems have their own
unique features, and by carefully evaluating their suitability, you can make an informed decision
about which system to choose for your particular teaching needs. Web-based teaching systems
have the potential to bring high-quality education to learners in developing countries, and can
help to bridge the educational gap between developed and developing countries. However, it's
important to consider the unique challenges and limitations of the specific context when
designing and implementing web-based teaching systems in developing countries.
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COMPARING THE CHALLENGES OF IMPLEMENTING WEB-BASED AND TRADITIONAL TEACHING SYSTEMS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

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