This document summarizes a comparative study between Malthusian and Optimum theories of population. It includes sections on Malthusian theory, its features and criticisms, and a summary stating that population increases geometrically while food supply increases arithmetically, resulting in imbalance. The Optimum theory section explains that population is neither under nor over at the optimum level, and compares it to Malthusian theory by noting it is more optimistic and scientific by considering population control and national resources. Photos and bibliography sections are also included.