Complete Guide to English Tenses: Learn Easily

SPOKEN ENGLISH CLASS N0 1:
Practice Dialogue Using Present Indefinite sentence:
● Dialogue Practice 1:
○ Scenario: Two friends discussing their daily routines.
○ Dialogue:
■ Person A: “What do you do in the morning?”
■ Person B: “I usually wake up at 7 AM. I brush my teeth and eat breakfast.
What about you?”
■ Person A: “I wake up early too. I go for a jog and then take a shower.”
■ Person B: “Do you drink coffee?”
■ Person A: “Yes, I do. I drink coffee every morning. Do you?”
■ Person B: “No, I prefer tea. I drink tea with my breakfast.”
■ Person A: “That sounds nice! What do you do in the evening?”
■ Person B: “I read books or watch TV. How about you?”
● Dialogue Practice 2:
Alex: Hi Jamie, do you like your new house?
Jamie: Yes, I do. I love the spacious living room. It gets a lot of natural light.
Alex: That sounds great! How many bedrooms do you have?
Jamie: We have three bedrooms. My children sleep in two of them, and we use the third one as
a guest room.
Alex: That’s very convenient. Do you have a garden?
Jamie: Yes, we do. We have a small garden in the backyard. My wife plants flowers there.
Alex: Do you enjoy gardening?
Jamie: I do, but I don’t have much time for it. I usually help with the garden on weekends.
Alex: Does your house have a garage?
Jamie: Yes, it has a garage. We park our cars there and use some space for storage.

Alex: That’s useful. Do you have any favorite spots in the house?
Jamie: I really like the kitchen. It’s modern and well-equipped. We often cook meals together
there.
Alex: It sounds like a wonderful home. I hope you enjoy living there!
Jamie: Thanks, Alex. We are very happy with it.
Other Useful Phrases:
● Take a walk: To go for a walk outside (e.g., "He takes a walk after dinner.")
● Do exercise: To engage in physical activity (e.g., "She does exercise in the morning.")
● Check emails: To look at and respond to emails (e.g., "I check my emails every
morning.")
● Talk on the phone: To have a conversation on the phone (e.g., "She talks on the phone
with her friend.")
● Do homework: To complete school assignments (e.g., "He does his homework after
school.")
Polite Expressions:
● Excuse me: A polite way to get someone's attention or apologize for a minor
inconvenience.
● Pardon me: Another way to ask someone to repeat something or to apologize.
● Please: Used to make requests more polite.
● Thank you: An expression of gratitude.
● You're welcome: A polite response to someone thanking you.
Requesting Help or Information:
● Could you please assist me with...?: A polite way to ask for help.
● Would you mind helping me with...?: Another polite way to request assistance.
● May I inquire about...?: A formal way to ask for information.
● Could you clarify...?: A polite way to ask for more details or explanation.
● I would appreciate it if you could...: A polite and formal way to make a request.

Tasks and Homework :
● Writing Task:
○ Write 10 sentences about what they or their family members do every day
(e.g., “My mother cooks dinner”). Also record it after writing and send it as
a voice note.
USE OF PRESENT CONTINUOUS SENTENCE:
Identification: ing OR ‫رہا‬
‫ہے‬ " (raha hai), " ‫رہی‬
‫ہے‬ "
(rahi hai), or " ‫رہے‬
‫ہیں‬ " (rahe hain),
Dialogue No 1:
Emily: Hi David, what are you doing right now?
David: Hi Emily, I’m cooking dinner. What about you?
Emily: I’m reading a book. It’s really interesting. Are you making something special?
David: Yes, I’m preparing ( ‫تیاری‬
‫کر‬
‫رہا‬
‫ہے‬ ) a pasta dish. My family is waiting in the dining room.
Emily: That sounds delicious! Is your sister helping you?
David: No, she’s setting the table. My brother is watching TV in the living room.
Emily: Everyone is busy, I see! Are you enjoying the cooking?
David: Yes, I am. Cooking relaxes me. What are you reading?
Emily: I’m reading a mystery (‫راز‬) novel. It’s getting really exciting (‫دلچسپ‬
)now.

David: Nice! I’m almost done here. We’re planning to eat in a few minutes.
Emily: I’m glad you’re enjoying yourself. I’ll let you get back to your cooking. Talk to you later!
David: Thanks, Emily. Talk to you later!
Dialogue No 2:
Sara: Hi Ali, what are you doing these days?
Ali: Hi Sara, I’m working on a new project at the office. It’s keeping me really busy. What about
you?
Sara: I’m taking online classes right now. I’m trying to improve my skills in graphic design.
Ali: That sounds interesting! Are you enjoying the classes?
Sara: Yes, I am. The lessons are very engaging(‫)مشغول‬, and I’m learning a lot.
Ali: That’s great! I’m also thinking about taking some courses. What are you working on today?
Sara: Today, I’m creating a new design for a client. I’m using some new techniques I learned
last week.
Ali: That’s impressive. Are your clients happy with the new designs?
Sara: They are. I’m getting positive feedback (‫رائے‬
), which motivates me to keep improving.
Ali: It’s good to hear that! Right now, I’m writing a report for my project. It’s taking longer than I
expected.
Sara: I can imagine. Writing reports can be time-consuming( ‫وقت‬
‫طلب‬
).
Ali: True. I’m hoping to finish it by the end of the day.
Sara: Good luck with that, Ali! I’m sure you’ll get it done.
Ali: Thanks, Sara. I appreciate the encouragement ( ‫حوصلہ‬
‫افزائی‬ )!

Task 1: Fill in the Blanks
● Complete the sentences with the correct form of the present continuous tense:
1. The cat _______ (chase) the mouse.
2. My friends _______ (watch) a movie at home.
3. We _______ (prepare) for our exams.
4. They _______ (decorate) the house for the party.
5. I _______ (wait) for my turn at the doctor’s office.
Task 2: Describe a Picture
● Look at a picture (real or imagined) and describe what the people or objects in the
picture are doing using present continuous sentences. For example, if you see a picture
of a family picnic:
○ "The father is grilling burgers."
○ "The children are playing with a ball."
○ "The mother is setting the table."
Task 3: Conversation Practice
● Pair up with a classmate or friend and have a conversation where you describe what you
and others around you are doing right now. Example starters:
○ "What are you doing right now?"
○ "I’m working on my assignment. What about you?"
○ "I’m reading a book. My sister is cooking dinner."
Task 4: Write a Short Paragraph
● Write a short paragraph about what you and your family are doing on a weekend
morning. Make sure to use at least 10 sentences in the present continuous tense. For
example:
"It’s Saturday morning. My mother is making breakfast.
The Present Perfect Tense is used to describe actions that:

1. Have been completed at some point in the past but have relevance to the present.
2. Started in the past and continue up to the present.
3. Have just been completed (often indicated by the word "just").
Identification of Present Perfect Tense:
1. Structure:
○ Affirmative: Subject + has/have + past participle (V3) + object.
■ Examples:
■ She has visited the museum.
■ They have finished their project.
○ Negative: Subject + has/have not + past participle (V3) + object.
■ Examples:
■ He has not eaten lunch yet.
■ We have not seen that movie.
○ Question: Has/Have + subject + past participle (V3) + object?
■ Examples:
■ Have you read this book?
■ Has she done her homework?
2. Key Indicators:
○ Use of "has" for third-person singular subjects (he, she, it).
○ Use of "have" for I, you, we, they, and other plural subjects.
○ The verb takes its past participle form (e.g., eaten, done, seen).
Dialogue Practice:
Aisha: Have you finished your homework yet?
Sara: Yes, I have just finished it. What about you?
Aisha: I haven't finished mine yet. I have been really busy today.
Sara: What have you done today?
Aisha: I have cleaned my room, have gone to the market, and have cooked dinner.
Sara: Wow, you have done a lot! No wonder you haven't had time for homework.
Aisha: Yes, but I have also watched a movie. I guess I could have used that time to study.
Sara: Well, at least you have enjoyed your day. We have all been working hard lately.

Aisha: True. By the way, have you seen the new episode of our favorite show?
Sara: Yes, I have. It was amazing! You should watch it when you have time.
Aisha: I haven't watched it yet, but I will soon. Thanks for the reminder!
TASK 1:
Examples:
● She has ______ (finish) her homework.
● They have ______ (visit) the new museum.
● He has ______ (not/see) the movie yet.
● We have ______ (just/arrive) at the airport.
● Have you ever ______ (try) sushi?
TASK 2:
Question Formation
Give students affirmative sentences and ask them to convert them into questions using the
Present Perfect Tense.
Examples:
● Sentence: She has visited Paris.
○ Question: Has she visited Paris?
● Sentence: They have finished their work.
○ Question: Have they finished their work?
TASK 3:
Change to Negative Sentences
Provide positive sentences in the Present Perfect Tense and ask students to change them to
negative sentences.
Examples:
● Sentence: She has written the letter.
○ Negative: She has not written the letter.

● Sentence: We have eaten dinner.
○ Negative: We have not eaten dinner.
Identification of Present Perfect Continuous Tense:
The Present Perfect Continuous Tense is used to describe actions that:
1. Started in the past and are still continuing in the present.
2. Started in the past and were recently completed, with an emphasis on the duration
of the activity.
Structure:
● Affirmative: Subject + has/have been + verb (ing) + object.
○ Example: She has been studying for three hours.
● Negative: Subject + has/have not been + verb (ing) + object.
○ Example: They have not been working on the project.
● Question: Has/Have + subject + been + verb (ing) + object?
○ Example: Have you been waiting for a long time?
Key Indicators:
1. Use of "has been" with third-person singular subjects (he, she, it).
2. Use of "have been" with I, you, we, they, and other plural subjects.
3. Verb ends with "-ing" (present participle).
4. The tense often emphasizes the duration of the activity and may use time expressions
like "for" and "since."
Common Time Expressions:
● For (a period of time): "She has been working for two hours."
● Since (a point in time): "They have been living here since 2010."
● All day, all week, lately, recently, for a while
Examples:
1. Affirmative:

○ "I have been reading this book for a week."
○ "He has been working on his project since morning."
2. Negative:
○ "We have not been watching TV all day."
○ "She has not been feeling well lately."
3. Question:
○ "Have you been studying for the exam?"
○ "Has he been playing the piano for long?"
DIALOGUE:
Ali: You look tired. Have you been working late?
Sara: Yes, I have been working on a project all week. It's exhausting ( ‫تھکا‬
‫دینے‬
‫واال‬
)!
Ali: I can imagine. How long have you been working on it?
Sara: I have been working on it since Monday, and I still have a lot to do.
Ali: That sounds tough. Have you been getting enough sleep?
Sara: Not really. I have been sleeping just a few hours each night.
Ali: That's not good! You should take care of yourself. Have you been taking breaks?
Sara: A little, but I haven't been taking many breaks. I just want to get this project done.
Ali: I understand. But remember, you can't be productive if you're too tired. Have you been
drinking enough water?
Sara: Yes, I have been trying to stay hydrated at least.
Ali: That's good. Maybe you should take a short walk. It could help refresh your mind.
Sara: You're right. I have been sitting at my desk for too long.
DIALOGUE:

John: Have you been watching that new TV series everyone is talking about?
Emily: Yes, I have been watching it for the past few days. It's really addictive ( ‫نشہ‬
‫آور‬
)
John: How many episodes have you seen so far ?
Emily: I have been watching two episodes each night, so I'm on episode six now.
John: Wow, you really have been enjoying it, huh?
Emily: Absolutely! The storyline is so gripping ( ‫پکڑنے‬
‫وال‬
). Have you been following any series lately?
John: I haven't been watching much TV lately. I have been focusing on my studies.
Emily: That's smart. I have been meaning to start studying more too, but this show just pulls
me in.
John: Maybe you should set a schedule. Have you been balancing your time well?
Emily: Not really. I have been staying up late just to watch more episodes. I guess I need to
manage my time better.
John: Yeah, it's easy to get carried away. I have been trying to keep a balance between work
and relaxation.
Emily: That's a good approach ( ‫نقطہ‬
‫نظر‬ ).
I have been thinking about doing the same.
TASK 1:
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the Present Perfect Continuous Tense.
Examples:
● She ______ (study) for her exams all week.
● They ______ (wait) for the bus for 30 minutes.
● He ______ (not/sleep) well lately.
● We ______ (work) on this project since morning.
● The children ______ (play) outside for hours.

TASK 2:
Sentence Formation:
Examples:
● Words: She, read, that book, for two hours
○ Sentence: She has been reading that book for two hours.
● Words: They, live, in this city, since 2015
○ Sentence: They have been living in this city since 2015.
TASK 3:
Time Expressions
Adding appropriate time expressions like "for" or "since."
Examples:
● He has been working here ______ 2019.
● They have been traveling ______ three weeks.
● We have been waiting ______ an hour.
TASK 4:
Describe Ongoing Activities
Ask students to write a short paragraph about what they have been doing recently using the
Present Perfect Continuous Tense.
Example:
● "I have been preparing for my exams this week. I have been studying every day and
have been practicing sample questions. Besides that, I have been taking short breaks
to relax."
Identification of Past Indefinite Tense:

The Past Indefinite Tense is used to describe actions that:
1. Were completed at a specific time in the past.
2. Happened and finished in the past.
Structure:
● Affirmative: Subject + past tense of the verb + object.
○ Example: She visited her grandparents last summer.
● Negative: Subject + did not (didn't) + base form of the verb + object.
○ Example: They did not (didn't) go to the party.
● Question: Did + subject + base form of the verb + object?
○ Example: Did you see the movie yesterday?
Common Time Expressions:
● Yesterday: "She went to the store yesterday."
● Last week/month/year: "They visited Paris last summer."
● In 2010: "He graduated in 2010."
● Two days ago: "I met him two days ago."
● Ago: "She left an hour ago.
DIALOGUE Practice:
Anna: Hi, John! I haven't seen you in a while. What did you do last weekend?
John: Oh, hi Anna! I went hiking ( ‫پیدل‬
‫سفر‬ ) in the mountains. It was amazing.
Anna: That sounds great! Where exactly did you go hiking?
John: I went to the Green Hills Trail. It was a challenging hike.
Anna: How long did you hike for?
John: We hiked for about six hours. By the end of the day, I was completely exhausted (‫ختم‬
).
Anna: I can imagine! Did you see any interesting wildlife ( ‫جنگلی‬
‫حیات‬
) while you were there?
John: Yes, we saw several deer and even a couple of eagles. It was incredible.
Anna: Wow, that must have been exciting. Did you take any pictures?

John: Yes, I took a lot of pictures. I’ll show them to you sometime.
Anna: Great! I’d love to see them. Did you meet anyone else on the trail?
John: Yes, we met a few other hikers. We shared some stories and tips about the trail (‫)پگڈنڈی‬.
Anna: That sounds like a wonderful experience. I did not do anything so adventurous ( ‫مہم‬
‫جوئی‬
). I just stayed home and watched movies.
John: Sometimes a relaxing weekend at home can be just as nice. What movies did you
watch?
Anna: I watched a few old classics. It was a nice change of pace ( ‫رفتار‬
‫کی‬
‫تبدیلی‬ ).
DIALOGUE Practice:
Emma: Hi, Michael! Did you have a good time at the concert last night?
Michael: Oh, hi Emma! Yes, I had an amazing time. The band played all my favorite songs.
Emma: That sounds fantastic! What time did the concert start?
Michael: It started at 8 PM, and it finished around 11 PM. The whole show was incredible.
Emma: Did you go with anyone else?
Michael: Yes, I went with a few friends. We all had a great time together.
Emma: I wish I could have gone too. I heard the tickets sold out very quickly.
Michael: Yes, they did. I managed to get tickets just in time. Did you do anything special last
night?
Emma: No, I didn't do much. I stayed at home and read a book.
Michael: Sometimes a quiet evening at home can be nice too. What book did you read?
Emma: I read a mystery novel that I had been wanting to finish for a while.
Michael: That sounds relaxing. Maybe next time you can join us for a concert!

Emma: I’d love to. I’ll make sure to get my tickets early!
TASK 1:
Fill in the Blanks
Complete the sentences using the correct past tense form of the verbs in parentheses.
Examples:
● She ______ (visit) her grandparents last weekend.
● They ______ (finish) their project on Friday.
● I ______ (meet) him at the café yesterday.
● We ______ (not/see) that movie last month.
● He ______ (start) his new job two weeks ago.
TASK 2:
Sentence Formation
Given a list of words, form correct sentences in the Past Indefinite Tense.
Examples:
● Words: she, travel, Italy, last year
○ Sentence: She traveled to Italy last year.
● Words: they, not/finish, homework, yesterday
○ Sentence: They did not finish their homework yesterday.
TASK 3:
Short Paragraph Writing
Write a short paragraph about what they did last weekend, using the Past Indefinite Tense.
Example:
● "Last weekend, I went to the beach with my family. We had a picnic and played
volleyball. On Sunday, I visited my friends and watched a movie."

Identification of Past Continuous Tense:
Structure:
● Affirmative: Subject + was/were + verb(-ing)
● Negative: Subject + was/were + not + verb(-ing)
● Question: Was/Were + subject + verb(-ing)?
Examples:
1. Affirmative:
○ I was watching TV when you called.
○ They were playing football at 5 PM yesterday.
2. Negative:
○ She was not studying when the power went out.
○ We were not traveling at that time.
3. Question:
○ Were you working on your project last night?
○ Was he studying for the exam when the phone rang?
DIALOGUE Practice:
Alex: Hey Jamie, what were you doing when I called you last night?
Jamie: Oh, hi Alex! I was just finishing up my homework. What about you?
Alex: I was watching a movie. I didn’t hear the phone ring.
Jamie: I see. I was also trying to prepare dinner at the same time. I was making Biryani, and my
little brother kept asking for help with his homework!
Alex: Sounds like a busy evening! Were you able to get everything done?
Jamie: Well, not exactly. While I was cooking, I accidentally burned the sauce. So, I had to start
over.
Alex: That’s unfortunate! At least you were multitasking. Were you listening to music while
cooking?

Jamie: Yes, I was. I had my favorite playlist on. It helped make the cooking a bit more
enjoyable.
Alex: Nice! I wish I had done something productive. I just kept watching the movie until it was
over.
Jamie: Sometimes a relaxing evening is just what you need. Anyway, I’ll talk with you later. I
need to finish cleaning up the kitchen now.
Alex: Sure thing! Talk to you later, Jamie.
DIALOGUE Practice:
Sarah: Hi Tom! I didn’t see you at the party last night. What were you up to?
Tom: Hey Sarah! I was actually working on a presentation for my big meeting today. I spent
most of the evening preparing it.
Sarah: Oh, I see. I was at the party, and it was quite lively. Everyone was dancing and having a
great time.
Tom: That sounds fun! I wish I could have joined you. I heard the music was really good.
Sarah: It was! At one point, while everyone was dancing, I noticed that Lisa was chatting with a
few people on the phone.
Tom: What about you? Were you involved in any activities?
Sarah: Yes, I was actually trying to help with the decorations earlier in the evening. We were
setting up balloons and streamers when the guests started arriving.
Tom: That must have been a lot of work. But it sounds like the party was a success!
Sarah: It was! Although, while I was mingling with guests, I accidentally spilled a drink on the
floor.
Tom: Oh no! I hope it didn’t cause too much trouble.
Sarah: Not really. Someone quickly cleaned it up. Anyway, I hope your presentation went well.
Tom: Thanks! It went great. I’m glad I was able to finish it in time.
Sarah: That’s awesome to hear. Maybe next time, we can both enjoy a party together!

Task 1: Fill in the Blanks
Complete the sentences using the past continuous tense:
1. I __________ (watch) TV when the power went out.
2. She __________ (study) in the library while her friends __________ (chat) outside.
3. They __________ (play) chess when the doorbell __________ (ring).
4. We __________ (drive) to the beach when we __________ (see) the accident.
5. He __________ (talk) on the phone while his brother __________ (practice) guitar
The Past Perfect Tense is used to describe an action that was completed before
another action or a specific point in the past. Here's how you can identify it:
Structure:
● Positive Sentence:
Subject + had + past participle (V3) + object
Example: She had finished her homework before dinner.
● Negative Sentence:
Subject + had + not + past participle (V3) + object
Example: They had not arrived by the time the meeting started.
● Question Form:
Had + subject + past participle (V3)?
Example: Had you called him before he left?
In the Past Perfect Tense, the helping verb (or auxiliary verb) is "had." It is used with
the past participle (V3) form of the main verb to form the tense.
Examples of Helping Verb "Had":
1. She had completed the task before the deadline.
○ "Had" is the helping verb, and "completed" is the main verb.
2. They had left before the party started.
○ "Had" is the helping verb, and "left" is the main verb.

Dialogue:
John: Why were you late for the movie?
Emily: By the time I arrived, the movie had already started.
John: Oh no! I had told you to leave early to avoid traffic.
Emily: I know, but I had forgotten my wallet at home, so I had to go back and get it.
John: That’s unfortunate. If you had remembered your wallet, we would have
watched the movie together from the beginning.
Emily: Yes, I wish I had left earlier. How was the movie?
John: It was great! By the time you arrived, they had shown all the important scenes.
Dialogue:
Anna: Did you attend the meeting yesterday?
Mike: No, by the time I got there, the meeting had already ended.
Anna: Oh no! What happened?
Mike: I had planned to leave early, but I got stuck in traffic.
Anna: That’s frustrating. They had discussed some important changes before you
arrived.
Mike: I know. I wish I had checked the traffic updates earlier.
Anna: If you had known about the traffic, you could have left on time.
Mike: Exactly. Next time, I’ll make sure everything is sorted before I leave.
Dialogue:
Sarah: Did you see Mark at the party?

James: No, by the time I arrived, he had already left.
Sarah: Really? I thought he was staying longer.
James: He had planned to, but he said he had forgotten about an early meeting the
next day.
Sarah: That’s too bad. I wanted to catch up with him. I hadn't spoken to him in weeks.
James: If we had arrived earlier, we could have seen him.
Sarah: True. I wish we had known he was leaving early.
The Past Perfect Continuous Tense is used to describe an action that started in the past,
continued for some time, and was completed before another action or point in the
past.Structure:
● Affirmative:
Subject + had been + verb (ing) + object + since/for + time
Example: She had been studying for hours before the exam started.
● Negative:
Subject + had not (hadn't) been + verb (ing) + object + since/for + time
Example: He hadn’t been working there for long before he got a promotion.
● Interrogative:
Had + subject + been + verb (ing) + object + since/for + time?
Example: Had they been waiting for you for a long time before you arrived?
Key Points:
● "Had been" is always used.
● The verb is in the present participle form (verb + ing).
● It’s often used with time expressions like for (to indicate a duration) or since (to indicate
a starting point).
Example Sentences:

● We had been living in that city for 5 years before we moved.
● She had been crying for hours when her friend finally arrived.
Dialogue No 1:
Sara: Hey, Tom! You look exhausted. What happened?
Tom: Oh, I had been running for an hour before I got here.
Sara: Wow, that's a long time! I had been waiting for you at the café since 5 PM.
Tom: Sorry! I had been stuck in traffic for 30 minutes before I started running to make up for lost
time.
Sara: No worries. I had been thinking about leaving, but then I saw your text.
Tom: Yeah, I had been trying to reach you, but my phone battery was low. Have you already
eaten?
Sara: No, I hadn’t eaten anything. I had been waiting for you.
Tom: I appreciate that. Let’s get something now.
Dialogue No 2:
Anna: You look tired! What have you been up to?
John: I had been working on my presentation all night before I finally finished it this morning.
Anna: That sounds exhausting! I had been planning to help you, but I was busy with my own
project.
John: No worries. By the time I realized I needed help, it was too late. I had been trying to solve
a technical issue for hours.
Anna: I get that. I had been thinking you’d ask for help sooner, but I guess you were too
focused.
John: Exactly. How about you? Had you been working on your project for long?
Anna: Yes, I had been preparing my report for three days before I submitted it yesterday.
John: That’s great. At least we’re both done now!

‫وہ‬
‫دو‬
‫گھنٹے‬
‫سے‬
‫بارش‬
‫کا‬
‫انتظار‬
‫کر‬
‫رہا‬
‫تھا‬
‫جب‬
‫بارش‬
‫شروع‬
‫ہوئی۔‬
(He had been waiting for the rain for two hours when it started.)
‫ہم‬
‫کئی‬
‫دنوں‬
‫سے‬
‫امتحان‬
‫کی‬
‫تیاری‬
‫کر‬
‫رہے‬
‫تھے‬
‫جب‬
‫تاریخ‬
‫کا‬
‫اعالن‬
‫ہوا۔‬
(We had been preparing for the exam for many days when the date was announced.)
‫میں‬
‫کافی‬
‫دیر‬
‫سے‬
‫ٹی‬
‫وی‬
‫دیکھ‬
‫رہا‬
‫تھا‬
‫جب‬
‫بجلی‬
‫چلی‬
‫گئی۔‬
(I had been watching TV for a long time when the power went out.)
‫وہ‬
‫صبح‬
‫سے‬
‫کام‬
‫کر‬
‫رہے‬
‫تھے‬
‫جب‬
‫ان‬
‫کا‬
‫باس‬
‫آیا۔‬
(They had been working since morning when their boss arrived.)
‫وہ‬
‫تین‬
‫سال‬
‫سے‬
‫گانا‬
‫سیکھ‬
‫رہا‬
‫تھا‬
‫جب‬
‫اسے‬
‫اپنا‬
‫پہال‬
‫کنسرٹ‬
‫مال۔‬
(He had been learning to sing for three years when he got his first concert.)
‫ہم‬
‫دوپہر‬
‫سے‬
‫کھیل‬
‫رہے‬
‫تھے‬
‫جب‬
‫بارش‬
‫شروع‬
‫ہوئی۔‬
(We had been playing since noon when it started raining.)
‫وہ‬
‫رات‬
‫بھر‬
‫کتاب‬
‫پڑھ‬
‫رہی‬
‫تھی‬
‫جب‬
‫صبح‬
‫ہوگئی۔‬
(She had been reading the book all night when morning came.)
‫میں‬
‫دو‬
‫سال‬
‫سے‬
‫وہاں‬
‫کام‬
‫کر‬
‫رہا‬
‫تھا‬
‫جب‬
‫مجھے‬
‫ترقی‬
‫ملی۔‬
(I had been working there for two years when I got promoted.)
The Future Indefinite Tense (also known as the Simple Future Tense) is used to express
actions that will occur in the future. Here's how to identify it:
Structure:
● Affirmative Sentence:
○ Subject + will + base form of the verb + object.
○ Example: I will go to school tomorrow.
● Negative Sentence:
○ Subject + will not (won't) + base form of the verb + object.
○ Example: He will not attend the meeting.
● Interrogative Sentence:
○ Will + subject + base form of the verb + object + ?
○ Example: Will they come to the party?
Dialogue 1:

Ben: Where will you go for your vacation this year?
Lisa: I will go to Japan. I’ve always wanted to visit!
Ben: That sounds amazing! Will you visit Tokyo?
Lisa: Yes, I will spend a few days there.
Ben: Will you also explore other cities?
Lisa: Yes, I will visit Kyoto and Osaka as well.
Ben: Wow, you will have a great time!
Dialogue 2:
Boss: Will you finish the project by Friday?
Jane: Yes, I will complete everything on time.
Boss: Will you also send the report to the clients?
Jane: I will send the report as soon as it’s done.
Boss: Good. I will review it before you send it out.
Jane: Thank you! I will make sure everything is in order.
Dialogue 3:
Anna: What will you do on Saturday?
Mike: I will go to the gym in the morning.
Anna: That’s great! Will you join me for lunch afterward?
Mike: Sure, I will meet you at 1 PM. Where will we eat?
Anna: I will reserve a table at the new Italian restaurant.
Mike: Perfect! I will see you then.
Dialogue 4:
Jessica: Will you come to my birthday party this Friday?
Mark: Yes, I will be there! What time will it start?
Jessica: It will start at 7 PM. Will you bring anything?
Mark: I will bring some drinks.
Jessica: Awesome! We will have a great time.
Mark: I’m sure we will!
Dialogue 5:
Liam: Hey team, the project deadline is next month. How will we organize the work?
Sophie: I think we should divide the tasks. I will handle the research part. What about you,
Jake?
Jake: I will take care of the presentation slides. I have some experience with design, so it won’t
take long.

Liam: Sounds good. I will write the main report. Will you both send me your drafts by next
week?
Sophie: Yes, I will finish my research and send you the draft by Friday.
Jake: I will start working on the slides after Sophie finishes her research. I will need her notes
for the visual part.
Liam: Great. Will you have enough time, Jake? The presentation needs to be quite detailed.
Jake: Don’t worry, I will have it ready on time. I will probably need a few days after Sophie
sends her part.
Sophie: I will make sure to get everything to you as soon as possible. Will you be available to
review the slides, Liam?
Liam: Yes, I will review the slides once you send them. We will also need to rehearse the
presentation. Will we all be available for a practice session next Friday?
Jake: I will be free in the afternoon.
Sophie: Same here. I will join the practice session in the afternoon.
Liam: Perfect. I will send a meeting invite. Once we rehearse, I’m sure we will be well-prepared
for the final presentation. Does anyone have any other questions?
Jake: No, everything sounds clear. I’m confident we will do a great job.
Sophie: I agree. I’m sure we will meet the deadline and deliver a strong presentation. Let’s stay
in touch and keep each other updated on our progress.
The Future Continuous Tense is used to describe actions that will be ongoing at a
specific point in the future. It is often used to express what will be happening at a certain
time or to indicate future events that are planned or expected to occur over a period of
time.
Structure:
● Affirmative: Subject + will be + verb (present participle)
○ Example: I will be working tomorrow at 10 AM.
● Negative: Subject + will not (won’t) be + verb (present participle)
○ Example: She won’t be attending the meeting next week.
● Interrogative: Will + subject + be + verb (present participle)?
○ Example: Will they be traveling next month?
Examples:
● By this time tomorrow, I will be giving a presentation.
● They will be celebrating their anniversary next weekend.

● Will you be using the car tonight?
Dialogue:
Mom: What time will you be home this evening?
Sara: I’ll be home around 6 PM. Will you be cooking dinner by then?
Mom: Yes, I’ll be preparing dinner by 5. When you arrive, I’ll be baking the cake for your
dad’s birthday.
Sara: Oh, that’s perfect! I’ll be helping you with the salad once I get home.
Mom: That would be great. While I’m finishing the cake, you’ll be chopping the
vegetables, right?
Sara: Exactly! Will you be making the roast, too?
Mom: Yes, I’ll be roasting the chicken in the oven when you get here. It should be done
by 7 PM.
Sara: Sounds good! By the time Dad comes home, we’ll be setting the table and
everything will be ready.
Mom: Yes, we’ll be serving the food and celebrating his birthday right on time.
Dialogue:
Aisha: Hey, what will you be doing tomorrow evening?
Sara: Tomorrow evening? I’ll be studying for my math exam. What about you?
Aisha: I’ll be visiting my grandparents. We’ll be having dinner together around 7 PM.
Sara: That sounds nice! Will you be staying there overnight?
Aisha: No, I’ll be coming back home late. I’ll be driving back after dinner.
Sara: Oh, I see. I think by that time, I’ll still be reviewing my notes. This exam is tough!
Aisha: Yeah, I can imagine. Don’t worry, you’ll do great! After the exam, will you be
joining us for the weekend trip?
Sara: Yes, for sure! We’ll be leaving early Saturday morning, right?

Aisha: Yes, we’ll be heading out at 7 AM. I’ll be picking everyone up.
Sara: Perfect! I’ll be packing my stuff tomorrow after the exam.
Dialogue:
Ali: What will you be doing this weekend, Ahmed?
Ahmed: I’ll be attending a wedding on Saturday. It’s my cousin’s wedding, so I’ll be
busy all day. How about you?
Ali: Oh, that’s nice! I’ll be relaxing at home. I’ve had a long week, so I’ll be taking it easy.
Ahmed: Sounds like a good plan! Will you be watching any movies?
Ali: Yes, probably. I’ll be watching a new series in the afternoon. I’ve been wanting to
catch up on it.
Ahmed: That’s cool. I’ll be dancing most of the evening at the wedding. It’s going to be
a big celebration.
Ali: I’m sure it will be fun! On Sunday, I’ll be going to the park. I’ll be jogging in the
morning.
Ahmed: That’s great! I think I’ll still be recovering from all the wedding excitement. I’ll
probably be resting at home.
Ali: Haha, weddings can be exhausting! Anyway, enjoy your weekend.

The Future Perfect tense is used to describe an action that will be completed before a
specific point in the future. It is typically structured using "will have" + the past participle
of the verb.
Examples of Future Perfect tense:
● Affirmative: "By tomorrow, I will have finished the project."
● Negative: "She won't have arrived by 8 PM."
● Question: "Will you have completed the task by then?"
Dialogue no 1:
John: Hey Sarah, are you ready for the weekend trip?
Sarah: Almost! By Friday, I will have packed everything I need. What about you?
John: By Friday evening, I will have finished my work project. I’ll be free after that.
Sarah: That’s great! By the time we leave on Saturday morning, I will have cleaned the
house and will have bought snacks for the trip.
John: Awesome! I think we’re well-prepared. Do you think we will have arrived by
noon on Saturday?
Sarah: Yes, if we leave on time, we will have reached the destination by then.
John: Perfect! By the time we get there, we will have checked into the hotel and will
have started exploring the area.
Sarah: Sounds like a plan! By Sunday, we will have seen most of the city.
Dialogue no 2:
Dad: So, kids, are we all set for the family reunion next month?
Mom: By next week, I will have sent out all the invitations. What about you, honey?

Dad: I will have booked the venue by the weekend. I’m making sure everything’s
perfect.
Daughter: Great! By the time the reunion happens, I will have prepared a slideshow of
all our old family photos. Everyone will love it!
Son: And I will have finished the video montage by then. I’m adding clips from our
past reunions.
Mom: That sounds wonderful! By the time the reunion starts, we will have organized
all the decorations and food.
Dad: Yeah, everything will be ready. By the time everyone arrives, we will have set up
the tables, music, and games.
Daughter: I’m so excited! By the end of the day, we will have taken so many new
pictures to add to the family album.
Son: And we will have made more fun memories for sure!
Mom: It’s going to be a day to remember. By the time we leave, I’m sure we will have
had a wonderful time with everyone.
Dialogue no 3:
Alex: Hey, Emma, how’s your progress on the new marketing campaign?
Emma: It’s going well! By the end of the month, I will have finalized all the designs.
What about you?
Alex: By then, I will have completed the budget analysis and will have sent it to the
team.
Emma: That’s great! Do you think we will have launched the campaign by the start of
next month?
Alex: Yes, I think so. By the first week of next month, we will have launched it, and we
will have started getting feedback from clients.
Emma: Perfect! By the time the launch is done, I will have reviewed all the client data
to ensure the campaign targets the right audience.

Alex: Sounds like we’re on track. By the end of next quarter, we will have achieved
most of our marketing goals if everything goes as planned.
Emma: Exactly! And by then, we will have seen the impact of our work on sales.
Alex: Can’t wait to see the results! I’m confident we will have exceeded our targets by
the end of the year.
The future perfect continuous tense is used to express an action that will continue up
until a point in the future. It focuses on the duration of the activity by the time it is
completed.
Structure:
● Affirmative:
Subject + will have been + verb (present participle: -ing) + object.
Examples:
● By 2025, they will have been working at this company for ten years.
● She will have been studying for five hours by the time you arrive.
Key Points for Identification:
1. "will have been": This indicates the future perfect continuous.
Dialogue no 1:
John: Hey Sarah, how long will you have been working on the new project by the end of
this month?
Sarah: By the end of this month, I will have been working on it for about six months.
It's been a long process!
John: Wow, that’s quite some time! Do you think you’ll finish by then?

Sarah: I hope so! By next week, I will have been preparing the final report for two
weeks. Once that's done, we should be ready for the final review.
John: That’s great! I’m sure your efforts will pay off. By the time we present it, we will
have been collaborating on this project for almost a year!
Sarah: Yes, time flies! What about you? How long will you have been working on the
client analysis by the time we submit the report?
John: By then, I will have been analyzing the data for about three weeks. I’ll make
sure everything is accurate before we wrap up.
Sarah: Sounds good. It seems like we will have been handling this project together for
quite a while. Let’s hope it’s a success!
Dialogue no 2:
Alex: Hey Chris, how long will you have been training for the race by the time the
race happens?
Chris: By race day, I will have been training for about eight months. It’s been tough,
but worth it!
Alex: Wow, that’s amazing! By then, I will have been running for only five months. I
hope I’ll be ready.
Chris: Don’t worry! You’ll be fine. By the time the marathon starts, we will have been
preparing for so long that we’ll feel ready for anything.
Alex: True. I’m just hoping that by the time we cross the finish line, I will have been
running long enough to finish strong.
Chris: You will! By the end of the race, we will have been pushing ourselves for hours.
We’ll definitely feel proud of what we’ve accomplished (‫مکمل‬).
Dialogue no 3:
Mia: Hey Tom, how long will you have been studying for the finals by next week?

Tom: By next week, I will have been studying for almost two months. It feels like
forever!
Mia: Wow, that's impressive! By the time the exams start, I will have been preparing
for about a month. I hope it's enough.
Tom: Don’t worry, it’s all about consistency. By the time we take the tests, we will have
been reviewing so much material that it’ll all come naturally.
Mia: I hope you're right. By the end of this week, I will have been working on my notes
for two straight weeks. I just want to make sure I don't miss anything important.
Tom: Same here. By the time the exams are over, we will have been pushing
ourselves really hard, but it’ll be worth it.
Mia: Definitely! By then, we will have been preparing for so long, we’ll deserve a
break!

Complete Guide to English Tenses: Learn Easily

Complete Guide to English Tenses: Learn Easily

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