Components of wind mill
- 1. Wind Mill S.S.RAVI SANKAR Associate Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering SVCE
- 2. Progress in wind mill design
- 3. Wind Mill
- 4. Wind turbine components 1-Foundation 2-Connection to the electric grid 3-Tower 4-Access ladder 5-Wind orientation control (Yaw control) 6-Nacelle 7-Generator 8-Anemometer 9-Electric or Mechanical Brake 10-Gearbox 11-Rotor blade 12-Blade pitch control 13-Rotor hub
- 5. 1-Foundation • It transfers and spreads the loads to the soil at depth. • The vertical and horizontal forces which act on the turbine foundation are due to self-weight and wind respectively. • The height of wind turbine tower varies usually from 40 m to 130 m.
- 6. 2-Connection to the electric grid • The annual average wind speeds of minimum 10 mph are mandatory for sufficient energy production to qualify for grid connectivity. • The grid-supplied electricity is more expensive than renewable energy systems. • Network voltages and fluctuations in current cannot be controlled.
- 7. 3-Tower • wind speed rises proportionally to the seventh root of altitude. • To avoid buckling, doubling the tower height generally requires doubling the diameter of the tower. • Towers about 210 ft (65 m) high. • 30% – 65% of the turbine weight
- 8. 4-Access ladder • Inside, there is a 260 foot ladder. • The only way to the top is by climb. • Wind turbines have three platforms along the ascent to view other climbers or to take a rest during. • Those who work in the wind turbine energy or when a turbine is shut down, have the opportunity to ascend to the top.
- 9. 5-wind orientation control/Yaw Mechanism • Responsible for the orientation of the wind turbine rotor towards the wind. • the wind force in order to adjust the orientation of the wind turbine rotor into the wind.
- 10. The yaw control system aligns the turbine's nacelle with the wind direction in order to minimize the yaw angle error, that is, the result of the subtraction between turbine main axis angle and wind direction.
- 11. 6-Nacelle/wind turbine •The wind pushes directly against the blades of the turbine, which converts the linear motion of the wind into the rotary motion •Houses all of the generating components in a wind turbine, including the generator, gearbox, drive train, and brake assembly.
- 12. 7-generater • Permanent magnet synchronous generators are used. • produces alternating current (AC) . • To spin the generators rotor and the harder the wind pushes, the more electrical energy can be generated.
- 13. 8-Anemometer • Measuring wind speed and direction. • wind speeds to be comparable from location to location, the effect of the terrain needs to be considered, especially in regard to height.
- 14. 9-Braking:causes the blades to slow down Electrical Brake • Dumping energy from the generator into a resistor bank. • converting the kinetic energy of the turbine rotation into heat. • safe speed in faster winds while maintaining (nominal) power output. Mechanical Brake • A mechanical drum brake or disk brake is used to stop turbine in emergency situation such as extreme gust events. • Applied only after blade furling. • It can create a fire.
- 15. 10-Gear Box • Increase the rotational speed from a low-speed main shaft to a high- speed shaft connecting with an electrical generator. •An increase in shaft speed with a reduction of torque.
- 16. 11-Rotor Blade • Speed ratio (SR)= tip speed/ wind speed • 3 blade SR=6 to 7 • Use of aluminium and composite materials in their blades has contributed to low rotational inertia.
- 17. 12-Blade pitch Control • The angle of a blade in a fluid. • Used to adjust the rotation speed and the generated power. • Implemented via hydraulic or electric mechanisms. • Accounts for less than 3% of a wind turbine's expense. • Malfunctions account for 23% of all wind turbine production downtime. • account for 21% of all component failures.
- 18. 13-Rotor Hub • Holds the blades and connects them to the main shaft of the wind machine. • It holds the blades in their proper position for maximum aerodynamic efficiency. • Rotates to drive the generator.