Composting and gardening
- 1. BECAUSE A RIND IS A TERRIBLE THING TO WASTE
- 3. WORLD WASTE GENERATION Cities generate 1.3 billion tons of solid waste per year By 2025 this figure will go upto 2.2 billion tons
- 4. WASTE GENERATED IN INDIA (CENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD) About 62 million tons of waste annually Estimated 165 million tons by 2030 0.6 million tons waste is discarded in the oceans
- 5. WASTE PRODUCED PER PERSON PER DAY 1.3 KG
- 6. 3 MILLION TONS OF UNTREATED WASTE
- 7. INDIA’S RANK IN WASTE GENERATION 5th 10th 12th Plastic waste Municipal solid waste Generating waste
- 8. WHERE SHOULD ALL THE WASTE GO Land fills Recycling Centre Waste to Energy Plant Composting
- 9. LAND FILLS Oldest method for organized waste disposal Waste material dumping on site
- 10. 70 percent of urban solid waste goes into land fills Huge quantity dumped which is not trash We may need upto 66,000 hectares as landfill space – as big as Bengaluru 70% DUMPING UNSEGREGATED WASTE
- 11. SOLID WASTE IN URBAN AREAS 1 3 2 Waste per year in metric tons 9600 metric tons 8600 metric tons MUMB AI BENGALUR U DELHI 9000 metric tons
- 12. Planned Maximum height of the landfill was 15 feet Landfill still in use at 50 feet Beyond its capacity since 2002 15 feet GHAZIPUR LANDFILL (DELHI) 50 feet
- 13. WASTE TO ENERGY FACILITY A waste management facility that combusts waste to produce electricity
- 14. WASTE TO ENERGY PLANTS European Union - 445 USA - 86 CHINA - 150 INDIA - 8 TOTAL – 2200
- 15. REUSEREDUCE RE-CYCLYING Waste material is collected, sorted, cleaned and reprocessed into new material
- 16. RECYCLYING TRUTH 91 percent of world plastic is not recycled
- 17. COMPOSTING All biodegradable waste generated from residential & non residential areas should be segregated and composted Is Biodegradable waste segregated ?
- 18. RESULTS OF POOR WASTE MANAGEMENT Food and organic scrap pile Piling of food and other organic scrap
- 19. RESULTS OF POOR WASTE MANAGEMENT OXYGEN OXYGEN OXYGEN OXYGEN OXYGEN Pile compacts down and oxygen escapes to atmosphere
- 20. RESULTS OF POOR WASTE MANAGEMENT METHANE METHANE METHANE METHANE METHANE ANAEROBIC PROCESS GENERATES METHANE – a greenhouse gas 21 times more potent than CO 2
- 21. RESULTS OF POOR WASTE MANAGEMENT One small spark needed to turn the landfills to infernos – Ticking Time bombs very close to our cities
- 22. RESULTS OF POOR WASTE MANAGEMENT TOXIC TOXIC TOXIC TOXIC TOXIC Toxins Leaching Down
- 23. 2016 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT RULES Waste segregation mandatory for every waste generator – individual or company Swach Bharat Abhiyan stresses on the importance of composting
- 24. SUPERMAN CAN ONLY HELP
- 25. HOW CAN WE CONTRIBUTE ? MAKE DIRT NOT WASTE
- 26. HOW CAN WE MAKE DIRT ?
- 27. 1/4 24 % 24 % of solid waste is food. All this can be composted
- 28. HELPS REVERSE CLIMATE CHANGE C C C C C C C
- 29. MORE CARBON IN SOIL IMPROVES PHOTOSYNTHESIS… C C C C CC ….. AND WATER RETENTION IN SOIL.
- 30. WHAT IS COMPOSTING HOW DO WE MAKE IT ?
- 31. On the forest floor leaves and dead plants decompose to form a nutrient rich soil which helps plants grow better We do the same !
- 33. RECIPE FOR AEROBIC COMPOSTING Air Aerobic Water Moist pile Green stuff Nitrogen rich Brown stuff Carbon rich
- 34. RECIPE FOR ANAEROBIC COMPOSTING Air Aerobic Water Moist pile Green stuff Nitrogen rich Brown stuff Carbon rich
- 35. GREEN STUFF Egg shells Apple core Potato peels Greens Carrot peels Green leftover Greens KITCHEN REFUSE NITROGEN RICH
- 36. GREEN STUFF GRASS CLIPPING break down quickly SEA WEEDS Nutrient rich material. Wash off the salt before dumping for composting NITROGEN RICH GARDEN REFUSE All spent plants and weeds MANURE One of the finest material for composting, manure has large amounts of microbes along with nitrogen. If the compost is intended for use on plants avoid carnivores manure as they have harmful pathogens
- 37. BROWN STUFF DRIED LEAVES loaded with minerals TWIGS Small size SAWDUST and wood shavings are particularly good to eliminate foul smell CARBON RICH
- 38. BROWN STUFF WOOD ASH (not COAL) Makes the soil alkaline Coal based ash has large amounts of Iron and Sulphur that harms your plants SPOILT HAY / STRAW Excellent carbon rich material, specially in the absence of leaves PAPER AND CARDBOARD Avoid laminated paper from magazines & flyers CARBON RICH
- 39. WHAT WE DON’T ADD IN THE PILE Bones Meat Sausages Glass Milk Oil Cheese Fish left over Aerated drinks Candy Pet manure
- 41. COMPOST BIN Plastic container with lid. 3 to 5 containers would suffice
- 43. MATERIAL REQUIRED Alternately, use sour buttermilk
- 44. MATERIAL REQUIRED Jaggery or sugar
- 46. PREPARING THE BIN FOR COMPOSTING Sprinkle a spoon of jaggery or sugar on the base of the container
- 47. Sprinkle half a spoon of compost powder or buttermilk PREPARING THE BIN FOR COMPOSTING
- 48. Fix a sieve 3-4 inches from the base to allow collection of Compost Tea PREPARING THE BIN FOR COMPOSTING
- 49. ADDING THE WASTE IN THE CONTAINER Sprinkle a table spoon of compost mix
- 50. ADDING THE WASTE IN THE CONTAINER Kitchen / Garden waste
- 51. ADDING THE WASTE IN THE CONTAINER Once the container is full, sprinkle compost maker on top
- 52. …. NOW COMPOST Keep the Lid closed. Open only to dump waste
- 53. NEXT CONTAINER Once the container is full, keep it in a sunny corner, if possible. Start with the second container
- 54. - Compost Tea is used as Foilers’ Spray (One Tbs in One Litre of water) for better plant growth - Use concentrated Compost Tea for removing smells from drains COMPOST TEA Compost Tea 3-4 inches
- 55. CYCLING THE BINS Over a period of time you will start a cycle The first bin may take upto 45 to 60 days to pickle 1st bin 2nd bin 3rd bin
- 56. PICKLING COMPOST If you open the bin after 10 to 12 days, you may sometimes see white fungus on top ALL IS WELL !
- 57. COMPOST AFTER 60 DAYS
- 58. CURING THE COMPOST Adding compost directly to the soil may burn the plants . Mix the compost with the soil and leave for 10 to 12 days before using for plants
- 59. ADVANTAGES OF ANAEROBIC Just dump, dump, dump Then change the bin when the bin is full
- 60. CAREFUL WITH CARBON Avoid too much carbon rich stuff in the bin. It may slow down the process of composting
- 62. RECIPE FOR AEROBIC COMPOSTING Air Aerobic Water Green stuff Nitrogen rich Brown stuff Carbon rich
- 63. CARBON 2/3 CARBON-NITROGEN BALANCE NITROGEN 1/3 •A healthy compost pile should have more carbon than nitrogen •One third green and two third brown material The micro organisms munch on these to recycle to humus
- 64. CARBON 2/3 CARBON-NITROGEN BALANCE NITROGEN 1/3 When the pile gets dense and smelly, slow decomposition of anaerobic mass has commenced Good composting hygiene - Fresh nitrogen rich material releases foul odour if exposed to fresh air. Add carbon rich material, to stop foul odour.
- 65. AIR AEROBIC COMPOSTING Free air space (FAS) is the space between waste particles This air or oxygen is vital for many micro organisms Microbes use air to produce energy, grow quickly and consume more material Air keeps the pile
- 66. COMPOSTING BIN Use a plastic container with lid. 3 to 5 containers would suffice
- 67. Drill holes of 1.5 centimeters around the walls of the container COMPOSTING BIN
- 68. HOW TO LAYER THE WASTE BROWN (Carbon rich) GREEN ( Nitrogen rich) BROWN (Carbon rich) GREEN ( Nitrogen rich) BROWN (Carbon rich) COMPOST MAKER COMPOST MAKER COMPOST MAKER COMPOST MAKER
- 69. HOW TO LAYER WASTE IN THE BIN Start the pile with any carbon base. Dry leaves work well. Spread a layer on the base
- 70. HOW TO LAYER WASTE IN THE BIN The next layer will be the green stuff or nitrogen rich layer. Add a layer of food waste
- 71. HOW TO LAYER IN THE BIN Add another carbon rich layer or the brown stuff. Leaves will do fine. You can also add a layer of compost maker
- 72. MAKING A BIN FOR COMPOSTING To increase microbial activity add 2-3 spoons of butter milk . Cow dung slurry will also work
- 73. MOISTEN THE PILE Finally finish with a layer of carbon rich material. Dry leaves have been added in this pile Just sprinkle some water DO NOT MAKE THE PILE SOGGY
- 74. CLOSE THE LID Close the lid and keep it in a sunny corner for 4 to 5 days
- 75. TURN THE PILE Turn the pile every 4 to 5 days AFTER 10 DAYS
- 76. The compost is ready in 40 to 45 days WASTE TO DIRT
- 77. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF AEROBIC COMPOSTING Quicker than Aerobic composting But more work. Care needs to be taken to keep the pile moist but not soggy and odour free
- 78. COMMON PROBLEMS SOGGY WASTE SMELLY WASTE BUGS When in doubt, always add carbon rich brown stuff MAGGOTS
- 79. QUICK AND EASY COMPOSTING
- 80. COMPOST POCKETS Dig a small trench of 12 to 18 inches. Dump food and garden scrap Cover the pit with soil
- 81. COMPOSTING IN SITA NAGAR, KARWAR
- 83. TRENCH COMPOSTING Place leaves in trenches, in pathways in your garden In couple of months these leaves would have decomposed
- 84. FILL DRY LEAVES IN A BIG GARBAGE BAG SPRINKLE SOME WATER OVER THEM
- 85. TIE THE GARBAGE BAG KEEP ASIDE FOR 6 TO7 MONTHS
- 86. DUMP DRY LEAVES IN WIRE MESH CAGES
- 87. LEAF MOULD – A GARDENER’S GOLD
- 88. LEAF MOULD TEA Dump dry leaves in water for 2-3 days. Remove and put them in the compost pile Use water for the plants
- 89. USE COMPOST IN THE GARDEN
- 90. ADD COMPOST IN THE POT 50% garden soil Mix 50% compost
- 91. USE COMPOST TO MAKE A POTTING MIX Coco peat Compost
- 92. AMEND SANDY OR CLAYEY SOIL
- 93. PLACE COMPOST AT LEAST 6 TO 7 INCHES AROUND THE PLANTS
- 94. Mulch around garden plants Mulch protects soil Shades out weed seeds Nutrients get washed into the soil in rain or as water is sprinkled MULCH WITH COMPOST
- 95. COMPOST AND PRODUCE BIOGAS Methane collected in the cylinder can be attached directly to the burner 20 kg waste generates 1 kg methane. The leftover in the bin is compost
- 96. USE THIS SYSTEM IN ALL THE BIG KITCHEN’S IN THE BASE PEOPLE WHO ARE NOT WILLING TO COMPOST CAN GIVE SEGREGATED WASTE FOR THESE DIGESTERS
- 97. THE SCENE IN KARWAR BASE Karwar Base generates unsegregated 4.5 tons of waste everyday Labour Intensive Segregation Process. 15 people employed Increase in subscription (bag’s only cost Rs 4/- per piece)
- 98. AIR BE THE CHANGE THAT YOU WANT TO SEE