Composting for Wet Waste Management_IBS Software Session
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The document discusses a session on waste management with a focus on composting, led by Pratima Pandey. It covers the importance of composting for waste reduction, soil conditioning, and climate change mitigation, along with practical guidance on how to compost effectively at home. The session is structured in three parts: an overview of what and why composting is essential, detailed methods of composting, and a practical demonstration along with a quiz to reinforce learning.
Composting for Wet Waste Management_IBS Software Session
- 1. z The “What”, “Why” and “How” of it! Waste Management: Composting November 24, 2021 – Session for IBS Software By Pratima Pandey YouTube Channel: Conserve Environment With PratimaPandey
- 2. z Who is your session presenter today? • M. Phil in Economics with CERTIFICATION IN SWM • Someone who has realized how important composting is… • YouTube channel: Conserve Environment With PratimaPandey
- 4. z Why This Session? GOAL: Convincing nonstarters to take up composting in some form within a week of the session & Convincing those who have already started composting to NOT give up! (Connect with me beyond this session through Instagram or email)
- 5. z Audience Groups NT - All Parts of this session are relevant for you TS – Part 2 and 3 are more relevant
- 6. z This Session Part 1: WHAT and WHY of COMPOSTING Part 2: HOW to do COMPOSTING correctly Part 3: Home Composting Demo and Quiz
- 7. Part 1: WHAT and WHY of COMPOSTING
- 8. z WHAT is Composting? – Wet waste and segregation Wet waste is practically our kitchen and garden waste Waste segregation is the first step to composting
- 9. z WHAT is Composting? Mostly aerobic: Greens (small size) + Browns (shredded) + Microbes + Moisture + Aeration; Heat generated that also kills weeds and pathogens Composting is recycling of organic matter ; it is natural process but speeds up in an ideal environment
- 10. z WHY Do We Do Composting? Three reasons Wet waste management Soil natural fertilization and conditioning Mitigating climate change
- 11. z Diseases due to sanitation issues Choked drains Threat to animals Tourism losses WHY Do We Do Composting? Resolving waste-related issues COMPOSTING VESTS POWER IN OUR HANDS TO MANAGE 50% OF OUR WASTE
- 12. z WHY Do We Do Composting? Soil conditioning and enrichment Improves root penetration by loosening the soil Improves water holding capacity Protects surface soil from erosion Makes soil stable Increases aeration
- 13. z WHY Do We Do Composting? Soil conditioning and enrichment Increases soil temperature by its dark color Mulching effect helps moderate soil temperature Adds nutrients like N, P, K, Cu, Zn, etc. and increasing nutrient-holding capacity of soil Provides active agents for germinating plants Provides food for growth of beneficial microbes and earthworms
- 14. z Wet waste dumps release Methane (a potent greenhouse gas which causes climate change), accounting for 1.5% of human-origin carbon emissions Aerobic composting takes care of that Wet waste is mostly food waste; so food waste reduction critical and we will have lesser waste to compost WHY Do We Do Composting? Climate Change Mitigation
- 15. Part 2: HOW to do COMPOSTING correctly
- 16. z HOW To Do Composting Correctly – Types of Composting Aerobic – Managed (also called HOT composting) Anerobic – Managed (in home settings with anerobic bins) or unmanaged as in pits (also called COLD composting)
- 17. z HOW To Do Composting Correctly – Types of Composting - Bokashi Anerobic fermentation – yields a pre- compost; pickled waste which is mixed with cocopeat (provided with bins); time taken 1.5 months; no odor; very easy Bokashi Bins and bran (with specially selected microbes); does NOT release methane due to lowered pH For ALL types of kitchen waste
- 18. z HOW To Do Composting Correctly – Aerobic - Basics Greens: Nitrogen-rich food waste Browns: Carbon-rich dry materials Air by turning waste Greens + Browns + Air + Moisture + Microbes (Soil or compost or buttermilk or commercial product)
- 19. z HOW To Do Composting Correctly – Aerobic in basic settings GREENS • General food waste • Coffee grounds and tea leaves • Grass clippings • Fruit scraps and peels • Veg scraps • Egg shells BROWNS • Dry leaves • Twigs & branches • Dead and dried plants • Saw dust and wood chips • Paper/cardboard
- 20. z How To Do Composting Correctly – Which method to use Way of composting depends on what we want to compost, at what level (individual or community) , and with what level of investment Focus will be on home composting (apartment and independent homes)
- 21. z How To Do Composting Correctly –Options for Apartments Any bucket, pot with holes in the bottom and lid (discussed in Part 3) Commercial bins - Compost genie (avoid cooked food, meat, dairy, eggs), Daily Dump (for all types of kitchen waste), Trustbasket Bokashi bins – ranging 1-4K on Amazon; Biodrop Bokashi bins (details later in PPT)
- 22. z Composting Gear – Options 4 bins for a family of 4 – 1 kg per day; one on another Rs 2799 on Amazon Completes compost in 4-6 weeks; ALL kitchen waste Comes with 2 kg of compost maker (REMIX powder) Daily Dump Gobble Senior Plastic
- 23. z Composting Gear – Options Cost = Rs 1900 Set of two bins of 14 L each ALL types of food waste Comes with compost maker, manual Around 1.5 months for final compost Trustbin_Bokashi
- 24. z Composting Gear – Options Cost = Rs 2400 Set of two bins of 25 L each; comes with 5 L bag of microbes ALL types of food waste Compost within a month of getting full (takes month to fill up for a family of 3) Green Bin composter
- 25. z Composting Gear – Options Cost = Rs 2500 Set of 3 bins For kitchen waste Comes with BINS and compost medium Samata BioComposter Bin_Kerala
- 26. z Composting Gear – Options Cost = Rs 1800 ALL types of food waste One bin of 14 L; and compost maker; manual Bokashi Bins_Kannur
- 27. z How To Do Composting Correctly – Additional Options for Independent Homes (with open space) Plank Box or big bin Drum Composter (6-10K depending on daily waste); compost in 2-4 weeks Vermicomposting; vermibeds are available on Amazon; using by red wigglers and white worms Pit method (aerobic and anerobic)
- 28. z Composting Gear – Options Priced Rs. 3,499/- For independent homes and offices Manages 1.2 kg per day Compost ready in 45 days, comes with 3 bins, compost maker, manual Daily Dump Chomp Triple Row Composter
- 29. z Composting Gear – Options Cost = Rs 7000 Set of two bins of 30 L each ALL types of food and garden waste Compost within a month It is rotary type; comes with compost maker, manual Twin drum composter
- 30. z Composting Gear – Options Cost = Rs 15500 Comes with 7 accessories; fits in 2*2 ft ALL types of kitchen waste; upto 1 kg/day Compost within 4-6 weeks It is rotary type; comes with compost maker, manual RUR Single drum composter
- 31. z How To Do Composting Correctly – Available Options - Community Pile method – Rows of piles (Wind rows) are constructed Bin method Tumbler method Tank composting –cement tanks Organic waste converter – automatic machine Pile Windrows
- 32. Part 3: Demo of Home Composting, Quiz
- 33. z Basic Home Bin Composting Avoid if you are a beginner: • Cooked food • Meat, fish, bones • Dairy • Pet waste • Oil and butter • Weed seeds and diseased plants Why: Pathogens, odor, rodents and pests, interference with process
- 34. z Basic Home Bin Composting https://youtu.be/Xh_q3_5yu10
- 35. z Basic Home Composting – Issues and Solutions Fruit flies – layer waste with Newspaper or muslin cloth Odor (mostly methane and hydrogen sulfide or else ammonia) – If methane, then turn; if ammonia, spread out and add browns
- 36. z Basic Home Composting – Issues and Solutions Bugs, small white worms (larvae of shoulder fly) and white fungus – Normal; ; make a moat for maggots Appropriate temperature mgmt. by aeration and moisturization
- 37. z Basic Home Composting – Issues and Solutions Courtesy :Daily Dump Learning
- 38. z Identifying Completely Done Compost, Harvesting and Storage Well-done compost is soil like, dark, crumbly with earthly smell with no large chunks It is neutral pH For Daily Dump products, keep compost for maturing for 1 month or more Store in an airy, moisturized set up in any bin or jute sack (for any period of time)
- 39. z Using Compost Correctly Either crumble in surface (top coat the soil) Or Till it in soil Pots: 2-3 parts of top soil to 1 part of compost
- 40. z Using Compost Correctly New Garden: 2” compost layer for 12” soil Existing Garden: 2” addition yearly to annual flower and vegetable gardens Using ONLY compost as medium : less structural support and excess of certain nutrients and intervention in nutritional uptake and microbial action
- 41. z Quiz 1) By reducing dumping of wet waste, we can tackle climate change. Yes No
- 42. z Quiz 2) Is heat produced in aerobic composting? Yes No
- 43. z Quiz 3) Is composting usually an aerobic (or oxygen – using) process. Yes No
- 44. z Quiz 4) Organic waste is usually just a small portion of our household waste. Yes No
- 45. z Quiz 5) Dry leaves and papers are the examples of the ' GREENS ' added for composting Yes No
- 46. z Quiz 6) BOKASHI method is anaerobic. Yes No
- 47. z Quiz • 7) When we turn compost, how does it help? • A: It manages temperature evenly. • B: It aerates waste leading to faster decomposition. • C: It prevents anaerobic decomposition and foul odor. • D: All of the above
- 48. z Quiz 8) White fungus is a warning sign while making compost. Yes No
- 49. z Quiz 9) What may be the problem of adding meat, bones and dairy and bakery products in home composting set up? A: Pests. B: Pathogens. C: Odor. D: All of the above
- 50. z Quiz 10) Compost increases water and nutrient holding capacity of soil, resulting in in lesser soil erosion and more fertile soil Yes No
- 51. z ANSWERS 1) By reducing dumping of wet waste, we can tackle climate change. Yes 2) Is heat produced in aerobic composting? Yes 3) Is composting usually an aerobic (or oxygen–using) process? Yes 4) Organic waste is usually just a small portion of our household waste. No 5) Dry leaves and papers are the examples of the ' GREENS ' added for composting. No 6) BOKASHI method is anaerobic. Yes 7) When we turn compost, how does it help? All of the above 8) White fungus is a warning sign while making compost. No 9) What may be the problem of adding meat, bones and dairy and bakery products in home composting set up? – All of the above 10) Compost increases water and nutrient holding capacity of soil, resulting in in lesser soil erosion and more fertile soil. Yes 11)
- 52. Are we feeling the POWER of managing 50% of our waste? Not Yet! Please raise your doubts now…and also feel free to connect with me after the session!
- 53. Connect with me at Thanksforjoiningmeinthis session! @pratima.n.pandey https://www.facebook.com/ConserveEnvironm ent/ YT channel: Conserve Environment With PratimaPandey
Editor's Notes
- #2: It’s a composting special session…3rd in the series of 5-6 sessions…in which we will try to cover the all dimensions of this topic.
- #3: Am I a successful composter yet…unfortunately, NO. am I a committed composter? Yes, for sure. but this also speaks volumes that it is NOT a one-day process, right or wrong process…
- #5: Are we in the right frame to get started on this session? Ask people who have given composting a try but struggled? Anyone successful with composting Who are yet to give it a try?
- #6: Before I introduce you to the session contents, NT – not tried yet TS – tried but struggling
- #7: Its NOT a one-person session. Please keep the session interactive all through because I doubt we will have too much time at the end of it…Our composting journey starts right here, right now…are you ready, friends?
- #9: Theory is important to give structure to our actions…
- #10: Theory is important to give structure to our actions…
- #11: Three equally critical reasons… First reason is wet waste management…what happens if waste is mismanaged was discussed in detail in first session of this series…how much of household waste is wet waste?
- #12: So, if we are composting, we are actually reducing half of our contribution to above problems, which is just amazing, isn’t it? Imagine half of the waste of our world simply gone? That’s the reason why we need to focus on composting.
- #13: This probably you have heard of ….but do you know, It takes of soil in so many way – be its water retention, or nutrient retention or stability or aeration or temperature…it manages the soil really well, and then add more nutrients, not only for plants and germinating seeds but also for useful microbes and worms
- #14: Miracle organic fertilizer
- #15: Extreme events are happening around the world at an ever-increasing frequency and ferocity. Kerala received 85% of the NE monsoon rainfall even before these monsoons officially set in…Bengaluru recently got record rainfall. IT is an unending Stream of such news causing loss of life and property. Can we slow down climate change. By compositng, we reduce methane which would have otherwise beein produced in the waste dumps. Another side note here is to reduce food waste. Each stage of food production and transport is carbon-intensive; highlight while explaining
- #16: I have to resist the temptation of sharing theory…so I need your help to keep it practical…keep asking your questions. What stops you from composting or what is making you struggle?
- #17: Benefit is readily- available N from the compost compared to aerobic, or else no need of management, yet fertilized garden bed after 7-8 months; best for garden waste or one-time smelly kitchen waste, with no sign of composting over ground
- #18: Have you heard about Bokashi? Benefit is readily- available N from the compost
- #19: Is it rocket science…? Actually, it is a natural science…to know is to do it…
- #21: Here, let me suggest one thing: If you want results faster, I would suggest not GO the long way, like I am going through – that is, composting in a discarded, holed bin, and not using commercial compost maker bins and products. For me, I wanted to understand the process up close, before accepting it in my life. Now that we know the process, why to take the risk of lack of initial successes that may derail the process, entirely.
- #22: We are in the Action part now…how many of you live in apartments? …we have options,,,some cost us a little more ,some a little less…the method in demo costs next to nothing, really…
- #23: Bins are provided, a powder or compost maker is provider…waste of all types need to be mixed with that powder, in proportions mentioned in the manual…cover, keep adding the waste daily… about 1 month of the bin being full, the compost is ready…
- #28: Anerobic: Compared to aerobic, no need of management, yet fertilized garden bed after 7-8 months; best for garden waste or one-time smelly kitchen waste, with no sign of composting over ground
- #32: Both pit methods and waste and soil are layered with a thick layer of soil at the top in anerobic decomposition; anerobic method does not produce heat, its slow, no turning, more space required Ideal temperature = 50-60 ideal for nitrification and cellulose degradation; pathogens too killed at high temperature Windrow – turning on 6th and 11th day, screening on 16th day, 1 month of stabilization and compost is done
- #34: This information is critical!
- #35: This information is critical!
- #40: The layer dimensions are indicative, not exact necessarily; no hard and fast rule…just for idea
- #41: Some seeds may be able to grow, though;