computer and it's components+memoryy.pdf
- 1. What is a Computer? Computer is an electronic device that is used to solve problems according to a set of instructions given to it. The word computer is derived from Latin word "Compute" which means " to calculate".
- 2. Functionalities of Computer Perform calculations and data processing tasks efficiently 1. Enable information storage and retrieval for easy access 2. Facilitate communication and through networking capabilities 3.
- 3. Components of a Computer Central Processing Unit (CPU) The brain of the computer, responsible for processing and executing instructions Memory Stores data and instructions for the CPU to access and use Input Devices Allows users to enter data and commands into the computer Output Devices Displays the processed information for the user to see and interact with
- 4. Hardware Computer hardware refers to the physical components that make up a computer system. This includes the processor, memory, storage devices, input/output devices, and other peripherals. Hardware is the tangible, physical part of a computer that you can touch and interact with directly.
- 5. Software Software includes the programs that run on a computer, enabling its functionality. Two main types are application software and system software.
- 6. Application Software and System Software Application Software Programs designed for specific tasks Word processors 1. Spreadsheets 2. Multimedia tools 3. Accounting software 4. System Software Manage computer hardware and resources Operating systems Device drivers Utility programs Compilers Interaction Application software relies on system software System software enables application software to run Importance Both are crucial for computer functionality Allows users to achieve tasks efficiently
- 7. Computer Memory Primary Memory Volatile memory that stores data and instructions during operation. Secondary Memory Non-volatile storage for long- term data and program storage. Memory Types RAM, ROM, cache, and other specialized memory components.
- 8. Primary memory Primary memory, also called main memory, is the immediate memory used by the computer's processor. It stores data and instructions that the CPU needs to access quickly. Primary memory is volatile, meaning it loses its contents when the power is turned off.
- 9. Computer Memory: It is any physical device capable of storing Data, Information, or Program. Random Access Memory Compact Disk Hard Disk
- 10. Division into P.M & S.M is based on: DATA VOLATILITY DATA TEMPORARISM DATA PERMANENTISM DATA MODIFICATTION
- 11. SECONDARY MEMORY: A type of Memory that is non-volatile in nature and a permanent form of Storage which can be modified.
- 12. Primary Memory: 1) RAM 2) ROM Modifiable Volatile Temporary Non-volatile Permanent Un-modifiable
- 13. Types of Secondary Memory: Data access method
- 14. 1) Sequential Random Memory: Data is accessed inn a sequential manner 2) True Random Memory: Data is accessed direclty 3) Pseudo Random Memory: Data is accessed faster than SRM but slower than TRM