Computer generations
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The document discusses the five generations of computers from the 1940s to present. The first generation used vacuum tubes, were enormous in size, and relied on punched cards. The second generation introduced transistors, making computers smaller, faster, and more efficient. The third generation saw the development of integrated circuits and silicon chips, further miniaturizing computers. The fourth generation featured microprocessors that led to the development of networks and portable devices. Current and future fifth generation computers are exploring artificial intelligence and technologies like quantum computing.
Computer generations
- 1. COMPUTER GENERATIONS A presentation by CO1 CHARWARA K charwarak@zpcs.gov.zw
- 2. INDEX Introduction First generation of computer Second generation of computer Third generation of computer Fourth generation of computer Fifth generation of computer Reference
- 3. INTRODUCTION The history of computer development is often referred to in reference to the different generations of computing devices. Each generation of computer is characterized by a major technological development that fundamentally changed the way computers operate, resulting in increasingly smaller, cheaper, more powerful and more efficient and reliable devices.
- 4. First Generation - 1940-1956: Vacuum Tubes Used vacuum tubes for circuitry, magnetic drums for memory, and were often enormous, taking up entire rooms. Very expensive , consumed great deal of electricity, generated a lot of heat, which was often the cause of malfunctions. Relied on machine language to perform operations, could solve one problem at a time. Input was based on punched cards and paper
- 5. Examples UNIVAC and ENIAC computers are examples of first-generation computing devices.
- 6. Second Generation - 1956-1963: Transistors Transistors replaced vacuum tubes allowing computers to become smaller, faster, cheaper, more energy-efficient and more reliable than their first-generation predecessors. Still relied on punched cards for input and printouts for output. Second-generation computers moved from cryptic binary machine language to symbolic, or assembly, languages, which allowed programmers to specify instructions in words. High-level programming languages like
- 7. Examples
- 8. Third Generation - 1964-1971: Integrated Circuits Integrated circuit was used Transistors were miniaturized and placed on silicon chips, called semiconductors, which increased the speed and efficiency of computers. Instead of punched cards and printouts, users interacted through keyboards and monitors and interfaced with an operating system, which allowed the device to run many different applications at one time with a central program that monitored the memory.
- 9. Computers for the first time became accessible to a mass audience because they were smaller and cheaper than their predecessors. EXAMPLES
- 10. Fourth Generation - 1971-Present: Microprocessors Microprocessor were/are used What in the first generation filled an entire room could now fit in the palm of the hand. As these small computers became more powerful, they could be linked together to form networks, which eventually led to the development of the Internet. Fourth generation computers also saw the development of GUIs, the mouse and Hand held devices.
- 11. Examples
- 12. Fifth Generation - Present and Beyond: Artificial Intelligence Fifth generation computing devices, based on artificial intelligence, are still in development, though there are some applications, such as voice recognition, that are being used today. The use of parallel processing and superconductors is helping to make artificial intelligence a reality. Quantum computation and molecular and nanotechnology will radically change the face of computers in years to come. The goal of fifth-generation computing is to develop devices that respond to natural language input and are capable of learning and self-
- 13. Examples
- 15. THANK YOU