Computer Science syllabus

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B.E
Computer Science and Engineering
VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, BELGAUM

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SCHEME OF TEACHING AND EXAMINATION
B.E. COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(Common to CSE & ISE)
III SEMESTER
S. No. Subject Code Subject Teaching
Dept.
Teaching Hrs /
Week
Examination
Theory Practi
cal
Duration
(Hrs)
Marks
IA Exam Total
1 10MAT31 Engineering Mathematics - III Mathematics 04 - 03 25 100 125
2 10CS32 Electronic Circuits CSE/ISE 04 - 03 25 100 125
3 10CS33 Logic Design CSE/ISE 04 - 03 25 100 125
4 10CS34 Discrete Mathematical Structures CSE/ISE 04 - 03 25 100 125
5 10CS35 Data Structures with C CSE/ISE 04 - 03 25 100 125
6 10CS36 Object Oriented Programming with
C++
CSE/ISE 04 - 03 25 100 125
7 10CSL37 Data Structures with C/C++
Laboratory
CSE/ISE - 03 03 25 50 75
8 10CSL38 Electronic Circuits & Logic Design
Laboratory
CSE/ISE - 03 03 25 50 75
Total 24 06 - 200 700 900

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IV SEMESTER
Dept.
Teaching Hrs /
Week
Examination
Theory Practi
cal
Duration
(Hrs)
Marks
IA Exam Total
1 10MAT41 Engineering Mathematics - IV Maths 04 - 03 25 100 125
2 10CS42 Graph Theory and Combinatorics CSE/ISE 04 - 03 25 100 125
3 10CS43 Design and Analysis of Algorithms CSE/ISE 04 - 03 25 100 125
4 10CS44 Unix and Shell Programming CSE/ISE 04 - 03 25 100 125
5 10CS45 Microprocessors CSE/ISE 04 - 03 25 100 125
6 10CS46 Computer Organization CSE/ISE 04 - 03 25 100 125
7 10CSL47 Design and Analysis of Algorithms
Laboratory
CSE/ISE - 03 03 25 50 75
8 10CSL48 Microprocessors Laboratory CSE/ISE - 03 03 25 50 75
Total 24 06 - 200 700 900

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V SEMESTER
Dept.
Teaching Hrs /
Week
Examination
Theory Practi
cal
Duration
(Hrs)
Marks
IA Exam Total
1 10IS51 Software Engineering CSE/ISE 04 - 03 25 100 125
2 10CS52 Systems Software CSE/ISE 04 - 03 25 100 125
3 10CS53 Operating Systems CSE/ISE 04 - 03 25 100 125
4 10CS54 Database Management Systems CSE/ISE 04 - 03 25 100 125
5 10CS55 Computer Networks - I CSE/ISE 04 - 03 25 100 125
6 10CS56 Formal Languages and Automata
Theory
CSE/ISE 04 - 03 25 100 125
7 10CSL57 Database Applications Laboratory CSE/ISE - 03 03 25 50 75
8 10CSL58 Systems Software & Operating
Systems Laboratory
CSE/ISE - 03 03 25 50 75
Total 24 06 - 200 700 900

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VI SEMESTER
S. No. Subject
Code
Subject Teaching
Dept.
Teaching Hrs /
Week
Examination
Theor
y
Practical Duration
(Hrs)
Marks
IA Exam Total
1 10AL61 Management and Entrepreneurship CSE/ISE/
MBA
04 - 03 25 100 125
2 10CS62 Unix System Programming CSE/ISE 04 - 03 25 100 125
3 10CS63/
10IS662
Compiler Design CSE/ISE 04 - 03 25 100 125
4 10CS64 Computer Networks - II CSE/ISE 04 - 03 25 100 125
5 10CS65 /
10IS665
Computer Graphics and Visualization CSE/ISE 04 - 03 25 100 125
6 10CS66x Elective I (Group-A) CSE/ISE 04 - 03 25 100 125
7 10CSL67 Computer Graphics and Visualization
Laboratory
CSE/ISE - 03 03 25 50 75
8 10CSL68 Unix System Programming and Compiler
Design Laboratory
CSE/ISE - 03 03 25 50 75
Total 24 06 - 200 700 900

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Elective I – Group A
10CS661/10IS661 Operations Research
10CS662 Signals and Systems
10CS663/10IS663 Data Compression
10CS664/10IS664 Pattern Recognition
10CS665 Stochastic Models and Applications
10CS666/10IS666 Programming Languages

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VII SEMESTER
Dept.
Teaching Hrs /
Week
Examination
Theory Practi
cal
Duration
(Hrs)
Marks
IA Exam Total
1 10CS71 Object-Oriented Modeling and
Design
CSE/ISE 04 - 03 25 100 125
2 10CS72/
10IS752
Embedded Computing Systems CSE/ISE 04 - 03 25 100 125
3 10CS73 Programming the Web CSE/ISE 04 - 03 25 100 125
4 10CS74 Advanced Computer Architectures CSE/ISE 04 - 03 25 100 125
5 10CS75x Elective II (Group-B) CSE/ISE 04 - 03 25 100 125
6 10CS76x Elective III(Group-C) CSE/ISE 04 - 03 25 100 125
7 10CSL77 Networks Laboratory CSE/ISE - 03 03 25 50 75
8 10CSL78 Web Programming Laboratory CSE/ISE - 03 03 25 50 75
Total 24 06 - 200 700 900

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Elective II – Group B Elective III – Group C
10CS751/10IS751 Advanced DBMS 10CS761/10IS761 C# Programming and .Net
10CS752 Digital Signal Processing 10CS762/10IS762 Digital Image Processing
10CS753/10IS753 Java and J2EE 10CS763/10IS763 Game Theory
10CS754/10IS754 Multimedia Computing 10CS764/10IS764 Artificial Intelligence
10CS755/10IS74 Data Warehousing and Data Mining10CS765/10IS765 Storage Area Networks
10CS756/10IS756 Neural Networks 10CS766/10IS766 Fuzzy Logic

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VIII SEMESTER
Dept.
Teaching Hrs /
Week
Examination
Theory Practi
cal
Duration Marks
IA Exam Total
1 10IS81 Software Architectures CSE/ISE 04 - 03 25 100 125
2 10CS82 System Modeling and Simulation CSE/ISE 04 - 03 25 100 125
3 10CS83x Elective IV(Group-D) CSE/ISE 04 - 03 25 100 125
4 10CS84x Elective V(Group-E) CSE/ISE 04 - 03 25 100 125
5 10CS85 Project Work CSE 06 03 100 100 200
6 10CS86 Seminar CSE - - - 50 - 50
Total 16 06 250 500 750

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Elective IV – Group D Elective V– Group E
10CS831/10IS831 Wireless Networks and Mobile Computing 10CS841/10IS841 Ad-hoc Networks
10CS832/10IS832 Web 2.0 and Rich Internet Applications 10CS842 Software Testing
10CS833 VLSI Design and Algorithms 10CS843 ARM Based System Design
10CS834/10IS834 Network Management Systems 10CS844/10IS844 Services Oriented Architecture
10CS835/10IS835 Information and Network Security 10CS845/10IS845 Clouds, Grids and Clusters
10CS836/10IS836 Microcontroller-Based Systems 10CS846 Multi-core Architecture and
Programming
NOTE: Students have to register for one Elective from each of the five Elective Group.

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III SEMESTER
ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS III
Subject Code: 10MAT31 I.A. Marks : 25
Hours/Week : 04 Exam Hours: 03
Total Hours : 52 Exam Marks: 100
PART – A
UNIT – 1 7 Hours
Fourier Series: Periodic functions, Fourier expansions, Half range
expansions, Complex form of Fourier series, Practical harmonic analysis.
UNIT - 2 6 Hours
Fourier Transforms: Finite and Infinite Fourier transforms, Fourier sine and
consine transforms, properties. Inverse transforms.
UNIT – 3 6 Hours
Partial Differential Equations (P.D.E): Formation of P.D.E Solution of non
homogeneous P.D.E by direct integration, Solution of homogeneous P.D.E
involving derivative with respect to one independent variable only (Both
types with given set of conditions) Method of separation of variables. (First
and second order equations) Solution of Lagrange‟s linear P.D.E. of the type
P p + Q q = R.
UNIT - 4 7 Hours
Applications of P.D.E: Derivation of one dimensional wave and heat
equations. Various possible solutions of these by the method of separation of
variables. D‟Alembert‟s solution of wave equation. Two dimensional
Laplace‟s equation – various possible solutions. Solution of all these
equations with specified boundary conditions (Boundary value problems)
PART – B
UNIT – 5 6 Hours
Numerical Methods: Introduction, Numerical solutions of algebraic and
transcendental equations:- Newton-Raphson and Regula-Falsi methods.
Solution of linear simultaneous equations : - Gauss elimination and Gauss
Jordon methods. Gauss - Seidel iterative method. Definition of eigen values

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and eigen vectors of a square matrix. Computation of largest eigen value and
the corresponding eigen vector by Rayleigh‟s power method.
UNIT - 6 7 Hours
Numerical Methods contd.: Finite differences (Forward and Backward
differences) Interpolation, Newton‟s forward and backward interpolation
formulae. Divided differences – Newton‟s divided difference formula.
Lagrange‟s interpolation and inverse interpolation formulae. Numerical
differentiation using Newton‟s forward and backward interpolation
formulae. Numerical Integration – Simpson‟s one third and three eighth‟s
value, Weddle‟s rule (All formulae / rules without proof)
UNIT - 7 6 Hours
Calculus of Variations: Variation of a function and a functional Extremal of
a functional, Variational problems, Euler‟s equation, Standard variational
problems including geodesics, minimal surface of revolution, hanging chain
and Brachistochrone problems.
UNIT - 8 7 Hours
Difference Equations and Z-transforms: Difference equations – Basic
definitions. Z-transforms – Definition, Standard Z-transforms, Linearity
property, Damping rule, Shifting rule, Initial value theorem, Final value
theorem, Inverse Z-transforms. Application of Z-transforms to solve
difference equations
Text Book:
1. B.S. Grewal: Higher Engineering Mathematics, 40th
Edition,
Khanna Publishers, 2007.
(Chapters: 10, 22.1 to 22.5, 17.1 to 17.5, 18.1 to 18.2, 18.4 to 18.5,
18.7, 28.1 to 28.2, 28.4 to 28.9, 29.1, 29.5, 29.8 to 29.12, 34.1 to
34.5, 30.1 to 30.2, 23.1 to 23.5, 23.7, 23.9 to 23.11, 23.16)
Reference Books:
1. B.V. Ramana: Higher Engineering Mathematics, Tata Mcgraw Hill,
2006.
2. Glyn James: Advanced Modern Engineering Mathematics, 3rd
Edition, Pearson Education, 2003.

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ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS
Subject Code: 10CS32 I.A. Marks : 25
PART - A
UNIT - 1 7 Hours
Transistors, UJTs, and Thyristors: Operating Point, Common-Emitter
Configuration, Thermal Runaway, Transistor Switch, Unijunction
Transistors, SCR.
UNIT - 2 6 Hours
Field Effect Transistors: Bipolar Junction Transistors versus Field Effect
Transistors, Junction Field Effect Transistors, Metal Oxide Field Effect
Transistors, Differences between JFETs and MOSFETs, Handling
MOSFETs, Biasing MOSFETs, FET Applications, CMOS Devices,
Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs)
UNIT - 3 6 Hours
Optoelectronic Devices: Introduction, Photosensors, Photoconductors,
Photodiodes, Phototransistors, Light-Emitting Diodes, Liquid Crystal
Displays, Cathode Ray Tube Displays, Emerging Display Technologies,
Optocouplers
UNIT - 4 7 Hours
Small Signal Analysis of Amplifiers: Amplifier Bandwidth: General
Frequency Considerations, Hybrid h-Parameter Model for an Amplifier,
Transistor Hybrid Model, Analysis of a Transistor Amplifier using complete
h-Parameter Model, Analysis of a Transistor Amplifier Configurations using
Simplified h-Parameter Model (CE configuration only), Small-Signal
Analysis of FET Amplifiers, Cascading Amplifiers, Darlington Amplifier,
Low-Frequency Response of Amplifiers (BJT amplifiers only).
PART - B
UNIT - 5 6 Hours
Large Signal Amplifiers, Feedback Amplifier: Classification and
characteristics of Large Signal Amplifiers, Feedback Amplifiers:
Classification of Amplifiers, Amplifier with Negative Feedback, Advantages
of Negative Feedback, Feedback Topologies, Voltage-Series (Series-Shunt)

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Feedback, Voltage-Shunt (Shunt-Shunt) Feedback, Current-Series (Series-
Series) Feedback, Current-Shunt (Shunt-Series) Feedback.
UNIT - 6 7 Hours
Sinusoidal Oscillators, Wave-Shaping Circuits: Classification of
Oscillators, Conditions for Oscillations: Barkhausen Criterion, Types of
Oscillators, Crystal Oscillator, Voltage-Controlled Oscillators, Frequency
Stability.
Wave-Shaping Circuits: Basic RC Low-Pass Circuit, RC Low-Pass Circuit as
Integrator, Basic RC High-Pass Circuit, RC High-Pass Circuit as
Differentiator, Multivibrators, Integrated Circuit (IC) Multivibrators.
UNIT - 7 7 Hours
Linear Power Supplies, Switched mode Power Supplies: Linear Power
Supplies: Constituents of a Linear Power Supply, Designing Mains
Transformer; Linear IC Voltage Regulators, Regulated Power Supply
Parameters.
Switched Mode Power Supplies: Switched Mode Power Supplies, Switching
Regulators, Connecting Power Converters in Series, Connecting Power
Converters in Parallel
UNIT - 8 6 Hours
Operational Amplifiers: Ideal Opamp versus Practical Opamp, Performance
Parameters, Some Applications: Peak Detector Circuit, Absolute Value
Circuit, Comparator, Active Filters, Phase Shifters, Instrumentation
Amplifier, Non-Linear Amplifier, Relaxation Oscillator, Current-To-Voltage
Converter, Voltage-To-Current Converter, Sine Wave Oscillators.
Text Book:
1. Anil K Maini, Varsha Agarwal: Electronic Devices and Circuits,
Wiley, 2009.
(4.1, 4.2, 4.7, 4.8, 5.1 to 5.3, 5.5, 5.6, 5.8, 5.9, 5.13, 5.14, 6.1, 6.3,
7.1 to 7.5, 7.10 to 7.14, Listed topics only from 8, 10.1, 11, 12.1,
12.2, 12.3, 12.5, 13.1 to 13.6, 13.9, 13.10, 14.1, 14.2, 14.6, 14.7,
15.1, 15.5 to 15.7. 16.3, 16.4, 17.12 to 17.22)
Reference Books:
1. Jacob Millman, Christos Halkias, Chetan D Parikh: Millman‟s
Integrated Electronics – Analog and Digital Circuits and Systems,
2nd
Edition, Tata McGraw Hill, 2010.
2. R. D. Sudhaker Samuel: Electronic Circuits, Sanguine-Pearson,
2010.

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LOGIC DESIGN
PART-A
UNIT – 1 7 Hours
Digital Principles, Digital Logic: Definitions for Digital Signals, Digital
Waveforms, Digital Logic, 7400 TTL Series, TTL Parameters The Basic
Gates: NOT, OR, AND, Universal Logic Gates: NOR, NAND, Positive and
Negative Logic, Introduction to HDL.
UNIT – 2 6 Hours
Combinational Logic Circuits
Sum-of-Products Method, Truth Table to Karnaugh Map, Pairs Quads, and
Octets, Karnaugh Simplifications, Don‟t-care Conditions, Product-of-sums
Method, Product-of-sums simplifications, Simplification by Quine-McClusky
Method, Hazards and Hazard Covers, HDL Implementation Models.
UNIT – 3 6 Hours
Data-Processing Circuits: Multiplexers, Demultiplexers, 1-of-16 Decoder,
Encoders, Exclusive-or Gates, Parity Generators and Checkers, Magnitude
Comparator, Programmable Array Logic, Programmable Logic Arrays, HDL
Implementation of Data Processing Circuits
UNIT – 4 7 Hours
Clocks, Flip-Flops: Clock Waveforms, TTL Clock, Schmitt Trigger,
Clocked D FLIP-FLOP, Edge-triggered D FLIP-FLOP, Edge-triggered JK
FLIP-FLOP, FLIP-FLOP Timing, JK Master-slave FLIP-FLOP, Switch
Contact Bounce Circuits, Various Representation of FLIP-FLOPs, Analysis
of Sequential Circuits, HDL Implementation of FLIP-FLOP
PART-B
UNIT – 5 6 Hours
Registers: Types of Registers, Serial In - Serial Out, Serial In - Parallel out,
Parallel In - Serial Out, Parallel In - Parallel Out, Universal Shift Register,
Applications of Shift Registers, Register Implementation in HDL
UNIT – 6 7 Hours
Counters: Asynchronous Counters, Decoding Gates, Synchronous Counters,
Changing the Counter Modulus, Decade Counters, Presettable Counters,

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Counter Design as a Synthesis problem, A Digital Clock, Counter Design
using HDL
UNIT – 7 7 Hours
Design of Synchronous and Asynchronous Sequential Circuits: Design of
Synchronous Sequential Circuit: Model Selection, State Transition Diagram,
State Synthesis Table, Design Equations and Circuit Diagram,
Implementation using Read Only Memory, Algorithmic State Machine, State
Reduction Technique.
Asynchronous Sequential Circuit: Analysis of Asynchronous Sequential
Circuit, Problems with Asynchronous Sequential Circuits, Design of
Asynchronous Sequential Circuit, FSM Implementation in HDL
UNIT – 8 6 Hours
D/A Conversion and A/D Conversion: Variable, Resistor Networks, Binary
Ladders, D/A Converters, D/A Accuracy and Resolution, A/D Converter-
Simultaneous Conversion, A/D Converter-Counter Method, Continuous A/D
Conversion, A/D Techniques, Dual-slope A/D Conversion, A/D Accuracy
and Resolution
Text Book:
1. Donald P Leach, Albert Paul Malvino & Goutam Saha: Digital
Principles and Applications, 7th
Reference Books:
1. Stephen Brown, Zvonko Vranesic: Fundamentals of Digital Logic
Design with VHDL, 2nd
2. R D Sudhaker Samuel: Illustrative Approach to Logic Design,
Sanguine-Pearson, 2010.
3. Charles H. Roth: Fundamentals of Logic Design, Jr., 5th
Edition,
Cengage Learning, 2004.
4. Ronald J. Tocci, Neal S. Widmer, Gregory L. Moss: Digital Systems
Principles and Applications, 10th
5. M Morris Mano: Digital Logic and Computer Design, 10th
Edition,
Pearson Education, 2008.

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DISCRETE MATHEMATICAL STRUCTURES
PART – A
UNIT – 1 6 Hours
Set Theory: Sets and Subsets, Set Operations and the Laws of Set Theory,
Counting and Venn Diagrams, A First Word on Probability, Countable and
Uncountable Sets
UNIT – 2 7 Hours
Fundamentals of Logic: Basic Connectives and Truth Tables, Logic
Equivalence – The Laws of Logic, Logical Implication – Rules of Inference
UNIT – 3 6 Hours
Fundamentals of Logic contd.: The Use of Quantifiers, Quantifiers,
Definitions and the Proofs of Theorems
UNIT – 4 7 Hours
Properties of the Integers: Mathematical Induction, The Well Ordering
Principle – Mathematical Induction, Recursive Definitions
PART – B
UNIT – 5 7 Hours
Relations and Functions: Cartesian Products and Relations, Functions –
Plain and One-to-One, Onto Functions – Stirling Numbers of the Second
Kind, Special Functions, The Pigeon-hole Principle, Function Composition
and Inverse Functions
UNIT – 6 7 Hours
Relations contd.: Properties of Relations, Computer Recognition – Zero-One
Matrices and Directed Graphs, Partial Orders – Hasse Diagrams, Equivalence
Relations and Partitions
UNIT – 7 6 Hours
Groups: Definitions, Examples, and Elementary Properties,
Homomorphisms, Isomorphisms, and Cyclic Groups, Cosets, and Lagrange‟s
Theorem.
Coding Theory and Rings: Elements of Coding Theory, The Hamming
Metric, The Parity Check, and Generator Matrices

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UNIT – 8 6 Hours
Group Codes: Decoding with Coset Leaders, Hamming Matrices
Rings and Modular Arithmetic: The Ring Structure – Definition and
Examples, Ring Properties and Substructures, The Integers Modulo n
Text Book:
1. Ralph P. Grimaldi: Discrete and Combinatorial Mathematics, , 5th
(Chapter 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, Appendix 3, Chapter 2, Chapter 4.1, 4.2,
Chapter 5.1 to 5.6, Chapter 7.1 to 7.4, Chapter 16.1, 16.2, 16.3, 16.5
to 16.9, and Chapter 14.1, 14.2, 14.3).
Reference Books:
1. Kenneth H. Rosen: Discrete Mathematics and its Applications, 7th
Edition, McGraw Hill, 2010.
2. Jayant Ganguly: A Treatise on Discrete Mathematical Structures,
Sanguine-Pearson, 2010.
3. D.S. Malik and M.K. Sen: Discrete Mathematical Structures: Theory
and Applications, Cengage Learning, 2004.
4. Thomas Koshy: Discrete Mathematics with Applications, Elsevier,
2005, Reprint 2008.
DATA STRUCTURES WITH C
PART – A
UNIT - 1 8 Hours
BASIC CONCEPTS: Pointers and Dynamic Memory Allocation,
Algorithm Specification, Data Abstraction, Performance Analysis,
Performance Measurement
UNIT - 2 6 Hours
ARRAYS and STRUCTURES: Arrays, Dynamically Allocated Arrays,
Structures and Unions, Polynomials, Sparse Matrices, Representation of
Multidimensional Arrays

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UNIT - 3 6 Hours
STACKS AND QUEUES: Stacks, Stacks Using Dynamic Arrays, Queues,
Circular Queues Using Dynamic Arrays, Evaluation of Expressions,
Multiple Stacks and Queues.
UNIT - 4 6 Hours
LINKED LISTS: Singly Linked lists and Chains, Representing Chains in
C, Linked Stacks and Queues, Polynomials, Additional List operations,
Sparse Matrices, Doubly Linked Lists
PART - B
UNIT - 5 6 Hours
TREES – 1: Introduction, Binary Trees, Binary Tree Traversals, Threaded
Binary Trees, Heaps.
UNIT - 6
6 Hours
TREES – 2, GRAPHS: Binary Search Trees, Selection Trees, Forests,
Representation of Disjoint Sets, Counting Binary Trees, The Graph Abstract
Data Type.
UNIT - 7 6 Hours
PRIORITY QUEUES Single- and Double-Ended Priority Queues, Leftist
Trees, Binomial Heaps, Fibonacci Heaps, Pairing Heaps.
UNIT - 8 8 Hours
EFFICIENT BINARY SEARCH TREES: Optimal Binary Search Trees,
AVL Trees, Red-Black Trees, Splay Trees.
Text Book:
1. Horowitz, Sahni, Anderson-Freed: Fundamentals of Data Structures
in C, 2nd
Edition, Universities Press, 2007.
(Chapters 1, 2.1 to 2.6, 3, 4, 5.1 to 5.3, 5.5 to 5.11, 6.1, 9.1 to 9.5,
10)
Reference Books:
1. Yedidyah, Augenstein, Tannenbaum: Data Structures Using C and
C++, 2nd
2. Debasis Samanta: Classic Data Structures, 2nd
Edition, PHI, 2009.
3. Richard F. Gilberg and Behrouz A. Forouzan: Data Structures A
Pseudocode Approach with C, Cengage Learning, 2005.

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4. Robert Kruse & Bruce Leung: Data Structures & Program Design in
C, Pearson Education, 2007.
OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING WITH C++
PART – A
UNIT 1 6 Hours
Introduction: Overview of C++, Sample C++ program, Different data types,
operators, expressions, and statements, arrays and strings, pointers & user-
defined types
Function Components, argument passing, inline functions, function
overloading, recursive functions
UNIT 2 7 Hours
Classes & Objects – I: Class Specification, Class Objects, Scope resolution
operator, Access members, Defining member functions, Data hiding,
Constructors, Destructors, Parameterized constructors, Static data members,
Functions
UNIT 3 7 Hours
Classes & Objects –II: Friend functions, Passing objects as arguments,
Returning objects, Arrays of objects, Dynamic objects, Pointers to objects,
Copy constructors, Generic functions and classes, Applications
Operator overloading using friend functions such as +, - , pre-increment,
post-increment, [ ] etc., overloading <<, >>.
UNIT 4 6 Hours
Inheritance – I: Base Class, Inheritance and protected members, Protected
base class inheritance, Inheriting multiple base classes
PART – B
UNIT 5 6 Hours
Inheritance – II: Constructors, Destructors and Inheritance, Passing
parameters to base class constructors, Granting access, Virtual base classes

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UNIT 6 7 Hours
Virtual functions, Polymorphism: Virtual function, Calling a Virtual
function through a base class reference, Virtual attribute is inherited, Virtual
functions are hierarchical, Pure virtual functions, Abstract classes, Using
virtual functions, Early and late binding.
UNIT 7 6 Hours
I/O System Basics, File I/0: C++ stream classes, Formatted I/O, I/O
manipulators, fstream and the File classes, File operations
UNIT 8 7 Hours
Exception Handling, STL: Exception handling fundamentals, Exception
handling options
STL: An overview, containers, vectors, lists, maps.
Text Books:
1. Herbert Schildt: The Complete Reference C++, 4th
Edition, Tata
McGraw Hill, 2003.
Reference Books:
1. Stanley B.Lippmann, Josee Lajore: C++ Primer, 4th
Edition, Pearson
Education, 2005.
2. Paul J Deitel, Harvey M Deitel: C++ for Programmers, Pearson
Education, 2009.
3. K R Venugopal, Rajkumar Buyya, T Ravi Shankar: Mastering C++, Tata
McGraw Hill, 1999.
DATA STRUCTURES WITH C/C++ LABORATORY
Subject Code: 10CSL37 I.A. Marks : 25
1. Using circular representation for a polynomial, design, develop, and
execute a program in C to accept two polynomials, add them, and
then print the resulting polynomial.
2. Design, develop, and execute a program in C to convert a given
valid parenthesized infix arithmetic expression to postfix expression
and then to print both the expressions. The expression consists of

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single character operands and the binary operators + (plus), -
(minus), * (multiply) and / (divide).
3. Design, develop, and execute a program in C to evaluate a valid
postfix expression using stack. Assume that the postfix expression is
read as a single line consisting of non-negative single digit operands
and binary arithmetic operators. The arithmetic operators are +
(add), - (subtract), * (multiply) and / (divide).
4. Design, develop, and execute a program in C to simulate the
working of a queue of integers using an array. Provide the following
operations:
a. Insert b. Delete c. Display
5. Design, develop, and execute a program in C++ based on the
following requirements:
An EMPLOYEE class is to contain the following data members and
member functions:
Data members: Employee_Number (an integer), Employee_Name (a
string of characters), Basic_Salary (an integer) , All_Allowances
(an integer), IT (an integer), Net_Salary (an integer).
Member functions: to read the data of an employee, to calculate
Net_Salary and to print the values of all the data members.
(All_Allowances = 123% of Basic; Income Tax (IT) = 30% of the
gross salary (= basic_Salary _ All_Allowance); Net_Salary =
Basic_Salary + All_Allowances – IT)
6. Design, develop, and execute a program in C++ to create a class
called STRING and implement the following operations. Display
the results after every operation by overloading the operator <<.
i. STRING s1 = “VTU”
ii. STRING s2 = “BELGAUM”
iii. STIRNG s3 = s1 + s2; (Use copy constructor)
called STACK using an array of integers and to implement the
following operations by overloading the operators + and - :
i. s1=s1 + element; where s1 is an object of the class STACK
and element is an integer to be pushed on to top of the
stack.
ii. s1=s1- ; where s1 is an object of the class STACK and –
operator pops off the top element.

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Handle the STACK Empty and STACK Full conditions. Also
display the contents of the stack after each operation, by overloading
the operator <<.
called LIST (linked list) with member functions to insert an element
at the front of the list as well as to delete an element from the front
of the list. Demonstrate all the functions after creating a list object.
9. Design, develop, and execute a program in C to read a sparse matrix
of integer values and to search the sparse matrix for an element
specified by the user. Print the result of the search appropriately.
Use the triple <row, column, value> to represent an element in the
sparse matrix.
10. Design, develop, and execute a program in C to create a max heap
of integers by accepting one element at a time and by inserting it
immediately in to the heap. Use the array representation for the
heap. Display the array at the end of insertion phase.
11. Design, develop, and execute a program in C to implement a doubly
linked list where each node consists of integers. The program should
support the following operations:
i. Create a doubly linked list by adding each node at the front.
ii. Insert a new node to the left of the node whose key value is
read as an input.
iii. Delete the node of a given data if it is found, otherwise
display appropriate message.
iv. Display the contents of the list.
(Note: Only either (a,b and d) or (a, c and d) may be asked in the
examination)
called DATE with methods to accept two valid dates in the form
dd/mm/yy and to implement the following operations by
overloading the operators + and -. After every operation the results
are to be displayed by overloading the operator <<.
i. no_of_days = d1 – d2; where d1 and d2 are DATE objects,
d1 >=d2 and no_of_days is an integer.
ii. d2 = d1 + no_of_days; where d1 is a DATE object and
no_of_days is an integer.
called OCTAL, which has the characteristics of an octal number.

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Implement the following operations by writing an appropriate
constructor and an overloaded operator +.
i. OCTAL h = x ; where x is an integer
ii. int y = h + k ; where h is an OCTAL object and k is an
integer.
Display the OCTAL result by overloading the operator <<. Also
display the values of h and y.
called BIN_TREE that represents a Binary Tree, with member
functions to perform inorder, preorder and postorder traversals.
Create a BIN_TREE object and demonstrate the traversals.
Note: In the examination each student picks one question from
a lot of all the 14 questions.
ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS & LOGIC DESIGN LABORATORY
Total Hours : 42 Exam Marks : 50
PART-A
1. a) Design and construct a suitable circuit and demonstrate the
working of positive clipper, double-ended clipper and positive
clamper using diodes.
b) Demonstrate the working of the above circuits using a
simulation package.
2. a) Design and construct a suitable circuit and determine the
frequency response, input impedance, output impedance, and
bandwidth of a CE amplifier.
b) Design and build the CE amplifier circuit using a simulation
package and determine the voltage gain for two different values
of supply voltage and for two different values of emitter
resistance.
3. a) Design and construct a suitable circuit and determine the drain
characteristics and transconductance characteristics of an
enhancement-mode MOSFET.
b) Design and build CMOS inverter using a simulation package
and verify its truth table.

25
4. a) Design and construct a Schmitt trigger using Op-Amp for given
UTP and LTP values and demonstrate its working.
b) Design and implement a Schmitt trigger using Op-Amp using a
simulation package for two sets of UTP and LTP values and
demonstrate its working.
5. a) Design and construct a rectangular waveform generator (Op-
Amp relaxation oscillator) for given frequency and demonstrate
its working.
b) Design and implement a rectangular waveform generator (Op-
Amp relaxation oscillator) using a simulation package and
demonstrate the change in frequency when all resistor values
are doubled.
6. Design and implement an astable multivibrator circuit using 555
timer for a given frequency and duty cycle.
PART – B
7. a) Given a 4-variable logic expression, simplify it using Entered
Variable Map and realize the simplified logic expression using
8:1 multiplexer IC.
b) Design and develop the Verilog /VHDL code for an 8:1
multiplexer. Simulate and verify its working.
8. a) Realize a J-K Master / Slave Flip-Flop using NAND gates and
verify its truth table.
b) Design and develop the Verilog / VHDL code for D Flip-Flop
with positive-edge triggering. Simulate and verify its working.
9. a) Design and implement a mod-n (n<8) synchronous up counter
using J-K Flip-Flop ICs and demonstrate its working.
b) Design and develop the Verilog / VHDL code for mod-8 up
counter. Simulate and verify its working.
10. a) Design and implement a ring counter using 4-bit shift register
and demonstrate its working.
b) Design and develop the Verilog / VHDL code for switched tail
counter. Simulate and verify its working.
11. Design and implement an asynchronous counter using decade
counter IC to count up from 0 to n (n<=9) and demonstrate its
working.

26
12. Design and construct a 4-bit R-2R ladder D/A converter using Op-
Amp. Determine its accuracy and resolution.
Notes:
1. In the examination, each student picks one question from
the lot of questions, either from Part-A or from Part-B. About
half the students in the batch are to get a question from Part-
A while the rest are to get the question from Part-B.
2. Any simulation package like MultiSim / Pspice etc may be
used.
IV SEMESTER
ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS IV
Subject Code: 10MAT41 I.A. Marks : 25
PART – A
UNIT – 1 6 Hours
Numerical Methods: Numerical solutions of first order and first degree
ordinary differential equations – Taylor‟s series method, Modified Euler‟s
method, Runge – Kutta method of fourth order, Milne‟s and Adams-
Bashforth predictor and corrector methods (All formulae without Proof).
UNIT – 2 7 Hours
Complex Variables: Function of a complex variable, Limit, Continuity
Differentiability – Definitions. Analytic functions, Cauchy – Riemann
equations in cartesian and polar forms, Properties of analytic functions.
Conformal Transformation – Definition
Discussion of transformations: W = z2
, W = ez
, W = z + (I/z), z ≠ 0
Bilinear transformations.
UNIT – 3 6 Hours
Complex Integration: Complex line integrals, Cauchy‟s theorem, Cauchy‟s
integral formula. Taylor‟s and Laurent‟s series (Statements only)
Singularities, Poles, Residues, Cauchy‟s residue theorem (statement only)
UNIT – 4 7 Hours

27
Series solution of Ordinary Differential Equations and Special
Functions: Series solution – Frobenius method, Series solution of Bessel‟s
D.E. leading to Bessel function of fist kind. Equations reducible to Bessel‟s
D.E., Series solution of Legendre‟s D.E. leading to Legendre Polynomials.
Rodirgue‟s formula
PART – B
UNIT - 5 6 Hours
Statistical Methods
Curve fitting by the method of least squares: y = a + bx, y = a + bx + cx2
,
y = axb
y = abx
, y = aebx
, Correlation and Regression.
Probability: Addition rule, Conditional probability, Multiplication rule,
Baye‟s theorem.
UNIT – 6 7 Hours
Random Variables (Discrete and Continuous) p.d.f., c.d.f. Binomial, Poisson,
Normal and Exponential distributions.
UNIT - 7 7 Hours
Sampling, Sampling distribution, Standard error. Testing of hypothesis for
means. Confidence limits for means, Student‟s t distribution, Chi-square
distribution as a test of goodness of fit.
UNIT - 8 6 Hours
Concept of joint probability – Joint probability distribution, Discrete and
Independent random variables, Expectation, Covariance, Correlation
coefficient
Probability vectors, Stochastic matrices, Fixed points, Regular stochastic
matrices. Markov chains, Higher transition probabilities. Stationary
distribution of regular Markov chains and absorbing states
Text Book:
1. B.S. Grewal: Higher Engineering Mathematics, 40th
Edition,
Khanna Publishers, 2007
(Chapters: 31.1, 31.3 to 31.5, 31.7 to 31.8, 20.1 to 20.20.10, 20.12 to
20.14, 20.16 to 20.19, 16.1 to 16.6, 16.10, 16.13 to 16.14, 24.4 to
24.6, 25.12 to 25.14, 26.1 to 26.6, 26.7 to 26.10, 26.14 to 26.16,
27.1 to 27.6, 27.14, 27.17 to 27.18)
2. Seymour Lipschutz: Probability, Schaum‟s series.
(Chapters: 5 & 7)

28
Reference Books:
1. B.V. Ramana: Higher Engineering Mathematics, Tata McGraw Hill,
2006.
2. Glyn James: Advanced Modern Engineering Mathematics, 3rd
GRAPH THEORY AND COMBINATORICS
PART – A
UNIT - 1 7 Hours
Introduction to Graph Theory: Definitions and Examples, Subgraphs,
Complements, and Graph Isomorphism, Vertex Degree, Euler Trails and
Circuits
UNIT – 2 6 Hours
Introduction to Graph Theory contd.: Planar Graphs, Hamilton Paths and
Cycles, Graph Colouring, and Chromatic Polynomials
UNIT - 3 6 Hours
Trees: Definitions, Properties, and Examples, Routed Trees, Trees and
Sorting, Weighted Trees and Prefix Codes
UNIT - 4 7 Hours
Optimization and Matching: Dijkstra‟s Shortest Path Algorithm, Minimal
Spanning Trees – The algorithms of Kruskal and Prim, Transport Networks –
Max-flow, Min-cut Theorem, Matching Theory
PART – B
UNIT - 5 6 Hours
Fundamental Principles of Counting: The Rules of Sum and Product,
Permutations, Combinations – The Binomial Theorem, Combinations with
Repetition, The Catalon Numbers
UNIT - 6 6 Hours
The Principle of Inclusion and Exclusion: The Principle of Inclusion and
Exclusion, Generalizations of the Principle, Derangements – Nothing is in its
Right Place, Rook Polynomials

29
UNIT - 7 7 Hours
Generating Functions: Introductory Examples, Definition and Examples –
Calculational Techniques, Partitions of Integers, the Exponential Generating
Function, the Summation Operator
UNIT - 8 7 Hours
Recurrence Relations: First Order Linear Recurrence Relation, The Second
Order Linear Homogeneous Recurrence Relation with Constant Coefficients,
The Non-homogeneous Recurrence Relation, The Method of Generating
Functions
Text Book:
1. Ralph P. Grimaldi: Discrete and Combinatorial Mathematics, 5th
(Chapter 11, Chapter 12.1 to 12.4, Chapter 13, Chapter 1, Chapter
8.1 to 8.4, Chapter 9 Chapter 10.1 to 10.4).
Reference Books:
1. D.S. Chandrasekharaiah: Graph Theory and Combinatorics, Prism,
2005.
2. Chartrand Zhang: Introduction to Graph Theory, TMH, 2006.
3. Richard A. Brualdi: Introductory Combinatorics, 4th
Edition,
4. Geir Agnarsson & Raymond Geenlaw: Graph Theory, Pearson
Education, 2007.
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF ALGORITHMS
PART – A
UNIT – 1 7 Hours
INTRODUCTION: Notion of Algorithm, Review of Asymptotic Notations,
Mathematical Analysis of Non-Recursive and Recursive Algorithms
Brute Force Approaches: Introduction, Selection Sort and Bubble Sort,
Sequential Search and Brute Force String Matching.
UNIT - 2 6 Hours

30
DIVIDE AND CONQUER: Divide and Conquer: General Method,
Defective Chess Board, Binary Search, Merge Sort, Quick Sort and its
performance.
UNIT - 3 7 Hours
THE GREEDY METHOD: The General Method, Knapsack Problem, Job
Sequencing with Deadlines, Minimum-Cost Spanning Trees: Prim‟s
Algorithm, Kruskal‟s Algorithm; Single Source Shortest Paths.
UNIT - 4 6 Hours
DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING: The General Method, Warshall‟s
Algorithm, Floyd‟s Algorithm for the All-Pairs Shortest Paths Problem,
Single-Source Shortest Paths: General Weights, 0/1 Knapsack, The Traveling
Salesperson problem.
PART – B
UNIT - 5 7 Hours
DECREASE-AND-CONQUER APPROACHES, SPACE-TIME
TRADEOFFS: Decrease-and-Conquer Approaches: Introduction, Insertion
Sort, Depth First Search and Breadth First Search, Topological Sorting
Space-Time Tradeoffs: Introduction, Sorting by Counting, Input
Enhancement in String Matching.
UNIT – 6 7 Hours
LIMITATIONS OF ALGORITHMIC POWER AND COPING WITH
THEM: Lower-Bound Arguments, Decision Trees, P, NP, and NP-Complete
Problems, Challenges of Numerical Algorithms.
UNIT - 7 6 Hours
COPING WITH LIMITATIONS OF ALGORITHMIC POWER:
Backtracking: n - Queens problem, Hamiltonian Circuit Problem, Subset –
Sum Problem.
Branch-and-Bound: Assignment Problem, Knapsack Problem, Traveling
Salesperson Problem.
Approximation Algorithms for NP-Hard Problems – Traveling Salesperson
Problem, Knapsack Problem
UNIT – 8 6 Hours
PRAM ALGORITHMS: Introduction, Computational Model, Parallel
Algorithms for Prefix Computation, List Ranking, and Graph Problems,
Text Books:

31
1. Anany Levitin: Introduction to The Design & Analysis of
Algorithms, 2nd
(Listed topics only from the Chapters 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11).
2. Ellis Horowitz, Sartaj Sahni, Sanguthevar Rajasekaran:
Fundamentals of Computer Algorithms, 2nd
Edition, Universities
Press, 2007.
(Listed topics only from the Chapters 3, 4, 5, 13)
Reference Books:
1. Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronal L. Rivest, Clifford
Stein: Introduction to Algorithms, 3rd
Edition, PHI, 2010.
2. R.C.T. Lee, S.S. Tseng, R.C. Chang & Y.T.Tsai: Introduction to the
Design and Analysis of Algorithms A Strategic Approach, Tata
McGraw Hill, 2005.
UNIX AND SHELL PROGRAMMING
PART – A
UNIT – 1 6 Hours
The Unix Operating System, The UNIX architecture and Command Usage,
The File System
UNIT - 2 6 Hours
Basic File Attributes, the vi Editor
UNIT – 3 7 Hours
The Shell, The Process, Customizing the environment
UNIT - 4 7 Hours
More file attributes, Simple filters
PART – B
UNIT – 5 6 Hours
Filters using regular expressions,
UNIT – 6 6 Hours
Essential Shell Programming

32
UNIT - 7 7 Hours
awk – An Advanced Filter
UNIT - 8 7 Hours
perl - The Master Manipulator
Text Book:
1. Sumitabha Das: UNIX – Concepts and Applications, 4th
Edition,
Tata McGraw Hill, 2006.
(Chapters 1.2, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 18, 19)
Reference Books:
1. Behrouz A. Forouzan and Richard F. Gilberg: UNIX and Shell
Programming, Cengage Learning, 2005.
2. M.G. Venkateshmurthy: UNIX & Shell Programming, Pearson
Education, 2005.
MICROPROCESSORS
PART A
UNIT – I 7 Hours
Introduction, Microprocessor Architecture – 1: A Historical Background,
The Microprocessor-Based Personal Computer Systems.
The Microprocessor and its Architecture: Internal Microprocessor
Architecture, Real Mode Memory Addressing.
UNIT – 2 7 Hours
Microprocessor Architecture – 2, Addressing Modes: Introduction to
Protected Mode Memory Addressing, Memory Paging, Flat Mode Memory
Addressing Modes: Data Addressing Modes, Program Memory Addressing
Modes, Stack Memory Addressing Modes
UNIT – 3 6 Hours
Programming – 1: Data Movement Instructions: MOV Revisited,
PUSH/POP, Load-Effective Address, String Data Transfers, Miscellaneous
Data Transfer Instructions, Segment Override Prefix, Assembler Details.
Arithmetic and Logic Instructions: Addition, Subtraction and Comparison,
Multiplication and Division.

33
UNIT - 4 6 Hours
Programming – 2: Arithmetic and Logic Instructions (continued): BCD and
ASCII Arithmetic, Basic Logic Instructions, Shift and Rotate, String
Comparisons.
Program Control Instructions: The Jump Group, Controlling the Flow of the
Program, Procedures, Introduction to Interrupts, Machine Control and
Miscellaneous Instructions.
PART B
UNIT - 5 6 Hours
Programming – 3: Combining Assembly Language with C/C++: Using
Assembly Language with C/C++ for 16-Bit DOS Applications and 32-Bit
Applications
Modular Programming, Using the Keyboard and Video Display, Data
Conversions, Example Programs
UNIT - 6 7 Hours
Hardware Specifications, Memory Interface – 1: Pin-Outs and the Pin
Functions, Clock Generator, Bus Buffering and Latching, Bus Timings,
Ready and Wait State, Minimum versus Maximum Mode.
Memory Interfacing: Memory Devices
UNIT – 7 6 Hours
Memory Interface – 2, I/O Interface – 1: Memory Interfacing (continued):
Address Decoding, 8088 Memory Interface, 8086 Memory Interface.
Basic I/O Interface: Introduction to I/O Interface, I/O Port Address Decoding.
UNIT 8 7 Hours
I/O Interface – 2, Interrupts, and DMA: I/O Interface (continued): The
Programmable Peripheral Interface 82C55, Programmable Interval Timer
8254.
Interrupts: Basic Interrupt Processing, Hardware Interrupts: INTR and
INTA/; Direct Memory Access: Basic DMA Operation and Definition.
Text Book:
1. Barry B Brey: The Intel Microprocessors, 8th
Edition, Pearson
Education, 2009.
(Listed topics only from the Chapters 1 to 13)
Reference Books:
1. Douglas V. Hall: Microprocessors and Interfacing, Revised 2nd
Edition, TMH, 2006.

34
2. K. Udaya Kumar & B.S. Umashankar : Advanced Microprocessors
& IBM-PC Assembly Language Programming, TMH 2003.
3. James L. Antonakos: The Intel Microprocessor Family: Hardware
and Software Principles and Applications, Cengage Learning, 2007.
COMPUTER ORGANIZATION
PART – A
UNIT - 1 6 Hours
Basic Structure of Computers: Computer Types, Functional Units, Basic
Operational Concepts, Bus Structures, Performance – Processor Clock, Basic
Performance Equation, Clock Rate, Performance Measurement, Historical
Perspective
Machine Instructions and Programs: Numbers, Arithmetic Operations and
Characters, Memory Location and Addresses, Memory Operations,
Instructions and Instruction Sequencing,
UNIT - 2 7 Hours
Machine Instructions and Programs contd.: Addressing Modes, Assembly
Language, Basic Input and Output Operations, Stacks and Queues,
Subroutines, Additional Instructions, Encoding of Machine Instructions
UNIT - 3 6 Hours
Input/Output Organization: Accessing I/O Devices, Interrupts – Interrupt
Hardware, Enabling and Disabling Interrupts, Handling Multiple Devices,
Controlling Device Requests, Exceptions, Direct Memory Access, Buses
UNIT - 4 7 Hours
Input/Output Organization contd.: Interface Circuits, Standard I/O
Interfaces – PCI Bus, SCSI Bus, USB
PART – B
UNIT - 5 7 Hours
Memory System: Basic Concepts, Semiconductor RAM Memories, Read
Only Memories, Speed, Size, and Cost, Cache Memories – Mapping
Functions, Replacement Algorithms, Performance Considerations, Virtual
Memories, Secondary Storage

35
UNIT - 6 7 Hours
Arithmetic: Addition and Subtraction of Signed Numbers, Design of Fast
Adders, Multiplication of Positive Numbers, Signed Operand Multiplication,
Fast Multiplication, Integer Division, Floating-point Numbers and Operations
UNIT - 7 6 Hours
Basic Processing Unit: Some Fundamental Concepts, Execution of a
Complete Instruction, Multiple Bus Organization, Hard-wired Control,
Microprogrammed Control
UNIT - 8 6 Hours
Multicores, Multiprocessors, and Clusters: Performance, The Power Wall,
The Switch from Uniprocessors to Multiprocessors, Amdahl‟s Law, Shared
Memory Multiprocessors, Clusters and other Message Passing
Multiprocessors, Hardware Multithreading, SISD, IMD, SIMD, SPMD, and
Vector.
Text Books:
1. Carl Hamacher, Zvonko Vranesic, Safwat Zaky: Computer
Organization, 5th
(Listed topics only from Chapters 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7)
2. David A. Patterson, John L. Hennessy: Computer Organization and
Design – The Hardware / Software Interface ARM Edition, 4th
Edition, Elsevier, 2009.
(Listed topics only)
Reference Books:
1. William Stallings: Computer Organization & Architecture, 7th
Edition, PHI, 2006.
2. Vincent P. Heuring & Harry F. Jordan: Computer Systems Design
and Architecture, 2nd
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF ALGORITHMS LABORATORY
Design, develop and implement the specified algorithms for the
following problems using C/C++ Language in LINUX /
Windows environment.

36
1. Sort a given set of elements using the Quicksort method and
determine the time required to sort the elements. Repeat the
experiment for different values of n, the number of elements in the
list to be sorted and plot a graph of the time taken versus n.
The elements can be read from a file or can be generated using the
random number generator.
2. Using OpenMP, implement a parallelized Merge Sort algorithm to
sort a given set of elements and determine the time required to sort
the elements. Repeat the experiment for different values of n, the
number of elements in the list to be sorted and plot a graph of the
time taken versus n. The elements can be read from a file or can be
generated using the random number generator.
3. a. Obtain the Topological ordering of vertices in a given digraph.
b. Compute the transitive closure of a given directed graph using
Warshall's algorithm.
4. Implement 0/1 Knapsack problem using Dynamic
Programming.
5. From a given vertex in a weighted connected graph, find shortest
paths to other vertices using Dijkstra's algorithm.
6. Find Minimum Cost Spanning Tree of a given undirected graph
using Kruskal's algorithm.
7. a. Print all the nodes reachable from a given starting node in a
digraph using BFS method.
b. Check whether a given graph is connected or not using DFS
method.
8. Find a subset of a given set S = {sl, s2,.....,sn} of n positive integers
whose sum is equal to a given positive integer d. For example, if S=
{1, 2, 5, 6, 8} and d = 9 there are two solutions{1,2,6}and{1,8}.A
suitable message is to be displayed if the given problem instance
doesn't have a solution.
9. Implement any scheme to find the optimal solution for the Traveling
Salesperson problem and then solve the same problem instance
using any approximation algorithm and determine the error in the
approximation.
10. Find Minimum Cost Spanning Tree of a given undirected graph
using Prim‟s algorithm.

37
11. Implement All-Pairs Shortest Paths Problem using Floyd's
algorithm. Parallelize this algorithm, implement it using OpenMP
and determine the speed-up achieved.
12. Implement N Queen's problem using Back Tracking.
the lot of all 12 questions.
MICROPROCESSORS LABORATORY
Subject Code : 10CSL48 I.A. Marks : 25
Notes:
 Develop and execute the following programs using 8086
Assembly Language. Any suitable assembler like MASM,
TASM etc may be used.
 Program should have suitable comments.
 The board layout and the circuit diagram of the interface are
to be provided to the student during the examination.
1. a) Search a key element in a list of „n‟ 16-bit numbers using the
Binary search algorithm.
b) Read the status of eight input bits from the Logic Controller
Interface and display „FF‟ if it is the parity of the input read is
even; otherwise display 00.
2. a) Write two ALP modules stored in two different files; one module
is to read a character from the keyboard and the other one is to
display a character. Use the above two modules to read a string of
characters from the keyboard terminated by the carriage return
and print the string on the display in the next line.
b) Implement a BCD Up-Down Counter on the Logic Controller
Interface.

38
3. a) Sort a given set of „n‟ numbers in ascending order using the
Bubble Sort algorithm.
b) Read the status of two 8-bit inputs (X & Y) from the Logic
Controller Interface and display X*Y.
4. a) Read an alphanumeric character and display its equivalent ASCII
code at the center of the screen.
b) Display messages FIRE and HELP alternately with flickering
effects on a 7-segment display interface for a suitable period of
time. Ensure a flashing rate that makes it easy to read both the
messages (Examiner does not specify these delay values nor is it
necessary for the student to compute these values).
5. a) Reverse a given string and check whether it is a palindrome or
not.
b) Assume any suitable message of 12 characters length and display
it in the rolling fashion on a 7-segment display interface for a
suitable period of time. Ensure a flashing rate that makes it easy to
read both the messages. (Examiner does not specify these delay
values nor is it necessary for the student to compute these values).
6. a) Read two strings, store them in locations STR1 and STR2. Check
whether they are equal or not and display appropriate messages.
Also display the length of the stored strings.
b) Convert a 16-bit binary value (assumed to be an unsigned integer)
to BCD and display it from left to right and right to left for
specified number of times on a 7-segment display interface.
7. a) Read your name from the keyboard and display it at a specified
location on the screen after the message “What is your name?”
You must clear the entire screen before display.
b) Scan a 8 x 3 keypad for key closure and to store the code of the
key pressed in a memory location or display on screen. Also
display row and column numbers of the key pressed.
8. a) Compute nCr using recursive procedure. Assume that „n‟ and „r‟
are non-negative integers.
b) Drive a Stepper Motor interface to rotate the motor in specified
direction (clockwise or counter-clockwise) by N steps (Direction
and N are specified by the examiner). Introduce suitable delay
between successive steps. (Any arbitrary value for the delay may
be assumed by the student).

39
9. a) Read the current time from the system and display it in the
standard format on the screen.
b) Generate the Sine Wave using DAC interface (The output of the
DAC is to be displayed on the CRO).
10. a) Write a program to simulate a Decimal Up-counter to display 00-
99.
b) Generate a Half Rectified Sine wave form using the DAC
interface. (The output of the DAC is to be displayed on the CRO).
11. a) Read a pair of input co-ordinates in BCD and move the cursor to
the specified location on the screen.
b) Generate a Fully Rectified Sine waveform using the DAC
interface. (The output of the DAC is to be displayed on the CRO).
12. a) Write a program to create a file (input file) and to delete an
existing file.
b) Drive an elevator interface in the following way:
i. Initially the elevator should be in the ground floor, with all
requests in OFF state.
ii. When a request is made from a floor, the elevator should
move to that floor, wait there for a couple of seconds
(approximately), and then come down to ground floor and
stop. If some requests occur during going up or coming
down they should be ignored.

40
V SEMESTER
SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
Subject Code: 10IS51 I.A. Marks : 25
PART – A
UNIT – 1 6 Hours
Overview: Introduction: FAQ's about software engineering, Professional and
ethical responsibility.
Socio-Technical systems: Emergent system properties; Systems engineering;
Organizations, people and computer systems; Legacy systems.
UNIT – 2 6 Hours
Critical Systems, Software Processes: Critical Systems: A simple safety-
critical system; System dependability; Availability and reliability.
Software Processes: Models, Process iteration, Process activities; The
Rational Unified Process; Computer Aided Software Engineering.
UNIT – 3 7 Hours
Requirements: Software Requirements: Functional and Non-functional
requirements; User requirements; System requirements; Interface
specification; The software requirements document.
Requirements Engineering Processes: Feasibility studies; Requirements
elicitation and analysis; Requirements validation; Requirements
management.
UNIT – 4 7 Hours
System models, Project Management: System Models: Context models;
Behavioral models; Data models; Object models; Structured methods.
Project Management: Management activities; Project planning; Project
scheduling; Risk management
PART - B
UNIT – 5 7 Hours
Software Design: Architectural Design: Architectural design decisions;
System organization; Modular decomposition styles; Control styles.

41
Object-Oriented design: Objects and Object Classes; An Object-Oriented
design process; Design evolution.
UNIT – 6 6 Hours
Development: Rapid Software Development: Agile methods; Extreme
programming; Rapid application development.
Software Evolution: Program evolution dynamics; Software maintenance;
Evolution processes; Legacy system evolution.
UNIT – 7 7 Hours
Verification and Validation: Verification and Validation: Planning;
Software inspections; Automated static analysis; Verification and formal
methods.
Software testing: System testing; Component testing; Test case design; Test
automation.
UNIT – 8 6 Hours
Management: Managing People: Selecting staff; Motivating people;
Managing people; The People Capability Maturity Model.
Software Cost Estimation: Productivity; Estimation techniques; Algorithmic
cost modeling, Project duration and staffing.
Text Books:
1. Ian Sommerville: Software Engineering, 8th
Edition, Pearson
Education, 2007.
(Chapters-: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 14, 17, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26)
Reference Books:
1. Roger.S.Pressman: Software Engineering-A Practitioners approach,
7th
2. Pankaj Jalote: An Integrated Approach to Software Engineering,
Wiley India, 2009.
SYSTEM SOFTWARE
PART – A
UNIT – 1 6 Hours
Machine Architecture: Introduction, System Software and Machine
Architecture, Simplified Instructional Computer (SIC) - SIC Machine
Architecture, SIC/XE Machine Architecture, SIC Programming Examples.

42
UNIT – 2 6 Hours
Assemblers -1: Basic Assembler Function - A Simple SIC Assembler,
Assembler Algorithm and Data Structures, Machine Dependent Assembler
Features - Instruction Formats & Addressing Modes, Program Relocation.
UNIT – 3 6 Hours
Assemblers -2: Machine Independent Assembler Features – Literals,
Symbol-Definition Statements, Expression, Program Blocks, Control
Sections and Programming Linking, Assembler Design Operations - One-
Pass Assembler, Multi-Pass Assembler, Implementation Examples - MASM
Assembler.
UNIT – 4 8 Hours
Loaders and Linkers: Basic Loader Functions - Design of an Absolute
Loader, A Simple Bootstrap Loader, Machine-Dependent Loader Features –
Relocation, Program Linking, Algorithm and Data Structures for a Linking
Loader; Machine-Independent Loader Features - Automatic Library Search,
Loader Options, Loader Design Options - Linkage Editor, Dynamic Linkage,
Bootstrap Loaders, Implementation Examples - MS-DOS Linker.
PART – B
UNIT – 5 6 Hours
Editors and Debugging Systems: Text Editors - Overview of Editing
Process, User Interface, Editor Structure, Interactive Debugging Systems -
Debugging Functions and Capabilities, Relationship With Other Parts Of The
System, User-Interface Criteria
UNIT – 6 8 Hours
Macro Processor: Basic Macro Processor Functions - Macro Definitions and
Expansion, Macro Processor Algorithm and Data Structures, Machine-
Independent Macro Processor Features - Concatenation of Macro Parameters,
Generation of Unique Labels, Conditional Macro Expansion, Keyword
Macro Parameters, Macro Processor Design Options - Recursive Macro
Expansion, General-Purpose Macro Processors, Macro Processing Within
Language Translators, Implementation Examples - MASM Macro Processor,
ANSI C Macro Processor.
UNIT – 7 6 Hours
Lex and Yacc – 1: Lex and Yacc - The Simplest Lex Program, Recognizing
Words With LEX, Symbol Tables, Grammars, Parser-Lexer Communication,
The Parts of Speech Lexer, A YACC Parser, The Rules Section, Running

43
LEX and YACC, LEX and Hand- Written Lexers, Using LEX - Regular
Expression, Examples of Regular Expressions, A Word Counting Program,
Parsing a Command Line.
UNIT – 8 6 Hours
Lex and Yacc - 2: Using YACC – Grammars, Recursive Rules, Shift/Reduce
Parsing, What YACC Cannot Parse, A YACC Parser - The Definition
Section, The Rules Section, Symbol Values and Actions, The LEXER,
Compiling and Running a Simple Parser, Arithmetic Expressions and
Ambiguity, Variables and Typed Tokens.
Text Books:
1. Leland.L.Beck: System Software, 3rd
Edition, Pearson Education,
1997.
(Chapters 1.1 to 1.3, 2 (except 2.5.2 and 2.5.3), 3 (except 3.5.2 and
3.5.3), 4 (except 4.4.3))
2. John.R.Levine, Tony Mason and Doug Brown: Lex and Yacc,
O'Reilly, SPD, 1998.
(Chapters 1, 2 (Page 2-42), 3 (Page 51-65))
Reference Books:
1. D.M.Dhamdhere: System Programming and Operating Systems, 2nd
Edition, Tata McGraw - Hill, 1999.
OPERATING SYSTEMS
PART – A
UNIT – 1 6 Hours
Introduction to Operating Systems, System structures: What operating
systems do; Computer System organization; Computer System architecture;
Operating System structure; Operating System operations; Process
management; Memory management; Storage management; Protection and
security; Distributed system; Special-purpose systems; Computing
environments.Operating System Services; User - Operating System interface;
System calls; Types of system calls; System programs; Operating System
design and implementation; Operating System structure; Virtual machines;
Operating System generation; System boot.

44
UNIT – 2 7 Hours
Process Management: Process concept; Process scheduling; Operations on
processes; Inter-process communication. Multi-Threaded Programming:
Overview; Multithreading models; Thread Libraries; Threading issues.
Process Scheduling: Basic concepts; Scheduling criteria; Scheduling
algorithms; Multiple-Processor scheduling; Thread scheduling.
UNIT – 3 7 Hours
Process Synchronization : Synchronization: The Critical section problem;
Peterson‟s solution; Synchronization hardware; Semaphores; Classical
problems of synchronization; Monitors.
UNIT – 4 6 Hours
Deadlocks: Deadlocks: System model; Deadlock characterization; Methods
for handling deadlocks; Deadlock prevention; Deadlock avoidance; Deadlock
detection and recovery from deadlock.
PART – B
UNIT – 5 7 Hours
Memory Management: Memory Management Strategies: Background;
Swapping; Contiguous memory allocation; Paging; Structure of page table;
Segmentation. Virtual Memory Management: Background; Demand paging;
Copy-on-write; Page replacement; Allocation of frames; Thrashing.
UNIT – 6 7 Hours
File System, Implementation of File System: File System: File concept;
Access methods; Directory structure; File system mounting; File sharing;
Protection. Implementing File System: File system structure; File system
implementation; Directory implementation; Allocation methods; Free space
management
UNIT – 7 6 Hours
Secondary Storage Structures, Protection : Mass storage structures; Disk
structure; Disk attachment; Disk scheduling; Disk management; Swap space
management. Protection: Goals of protection, Principles of protection,
Domain of protection, Access matrix, Implementation of access matrix,
Access control, Revocation of access rights, Capability-Based systems.
UNIT – 8 6 Hours
Case Study: The Linux Operating System: Linux history; Design
principles; Kernel modules; Process management; Scheduling; Memory
management; File systems, Input and output; Inter-process communication.

45
Text Books:
1. Abraham Silberschatz, Peter Baer Galvin, Greg Gagne: Operating
System Principles, 8th
edition, Wiley India, 2009.
(Listed topics only from Chapters 1 to 12, 17, 21)
Reference Books:
1. D.M Dhamdhere: Operating systems - A concept based Approach,
2nd
Edition, Tata McGraw- Hill, 2002.
2. P.C.P. Bhatt: Introduction to Operating Systems: Concepts and
Practice, 2nd
Edition, PHI, 2008.
3. Harvey M Deital: Operating systems, 3rd
Edition, Pearson
Education, 1990.
DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
PART - A
UNIT – 1 6 Hours
Introduction: Introduction; An example; Characteristics of Database
approach; Actors on the screen; Workers behind the scene; Advantages of
using DBMS approach; A brief history of database applications; when not to
use a DBMS.
Data models, schemas and instances; Three-schema architecture and data
independence; Database languages and interfaces; The database system
environment; Centralized and client-server architectures; Classification of
Database Management systems.
UNIT – 2 6 Hours
Entity-Relationship Model: Using High-Level Conceptual Data Models for
Database Design; An Example Database Application; Entity Types, Entity
Sets, Attributes and Keys; Relationship types, Relationship Sets, Roles and
Structural Constraints; Weak Entity Types; Refining the ER Design; ER
Diagrams, Naming Conventions and Design Issues; Relationship types of
degree higher than two.
UNIT – 3 8 Hours
Relational Model and Relational Algebra : Relational Model Concepts;
Relational Model Constraints and Relational Database Schemas; Update

46
Operations, Transactions and dealing with constraint violations; Unary
Relational Operations: SELECT and PROJECT; Relational Algebra
Operations from Set Theory; Binary Relational Operations : JOIN and
DIVISION; Additional Relational Operations; Examples of Queries in
Relational Algebra; Relational Database Design Using ER- to-Relational
Mapping.
UNIT – 4 6 Hours
SQL – 1: SQL Data Definition and Data Types; Specifying basic constraints
in SQL; Schema change statements in SQL; Basic queries in SQL; More
complex SQL Queries.
PART - B
UNIT – 5 6 Hours
SQL – 2: Insert, Delete and Update statements in SQL; Specifying
constraints as Assertion and Trigger; Views (Virtual Tables) in SQL;
Additional features of SQL; Database programming issues and techniques;
Embedded SQL, Dynamic SQL; Database stored procedures and SQL /
PSM.
UNIT – 6 6 Hours
Database Design – 1: Informal Design Guidelines for Relation Schemas;
Functional Dependencies; Normal Forms Based on Primary Keys; General
Definitions of Second and Third Normal Forms; Boyce-Codd Normal Form
UNIT – 7 6 Hours
Database Design -2: Properties of Relational Decompositions; Algorithms
for Relational Database Schema Design; Multivalued Dependencies and
Fourth Normal Form; Join Dependencies and Fifth Normal Form; Inclusion
Dependencies; Other Dependencies and Normal Forms
UNIT – 8 8 Hours
Transaction Management: The ACID Properties; Transactions and
Schedules; Concurrent Execution of Transactions; Lock- Based Concurrency
Control; Performance of locking; Transaction support in SQL; Introduction
to crash recovery; 2PL, Serializability and Recoverability; Lock
Management; Introduction to ARIES; The log; Other recovery-related
structures; The write-ahead log protocol; Checkpointing; Recovering from a
System Crash; Media Recovery; Other approaches and interaction with
concurrency control.
Text Books:
1. Elmasri and Navathe: Fundamentals of Database Systems,
5th

47
(Chapters 1, 2, 3 except 3.8, 5, 6.1 to 6.5, 7.1, 8, 9.1, 9.2
except SQLJ, 9.4, 10)
2. Raghu Ramakrishnan and Johannes Gehrke: Database
Management Systems, 3rd
Edition, McGraw-Hill, 2003.
(Chapters 16, 17.1, 17.2, 18)
Reference Books:
1. Silberschatz, Korth and Sudharshan: Data base System
Concepts, 6th
Edition, Mc-GrawHill, 2010.
2. C.J. Date, A. Kannan, S. Swamynatham: An Introduction to
Database Systems, 8th
COMPUTER NETWORKS - I
PART – A
UNIT - 1 7 Hours
Introduction: Data Communications, Networks, The Internet, Protocols &
Standards, Layered Tasks,
The OSI model, Layers in OSI model, TCP/IP Protocol suite, Addressing
UNIT- 2 7 Hours
Physical Layer-1: Analog & Digital Signals, Transmission Impairment, Data
Rate limits, Performance, Digital-digital conversion (Only Line coding:
Polar, Bipolar and Manchester coding), Analog-to-digital conversion (only
PCM), Transmission Modes, Digital-to-analog conversion
UNIT- 3 6 Hours
Physical Layer-2 and Switching: Multiplexing, Spread Spectrum,
Introduction to switching, Circuit Switched Networks, Datagram Networks,
Virtual Circuit Networks
UNIT- 4 6 Hours
Data Link Layer-1: Error Detection & Correction: Introduction, Block
coding, Linear block codes, Cyclic codes, Checksum.
PART - B

48
UNIT- 5 6 Hours
Data Link Layer-2: Framing, Flow and Error Control, Protocols, Noiseless
Channels, Noisy channels, HDLC, PPP (Framing, Transition phases only)
UNIT- 6 7 Hours
Multiple Access & Ethernet: Random access, Controlled Access,
Channelization, Ethernet: IEEE standards, Standard
Ethernet, Changes in the standard, Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet
UNIT - 7 6 Hours
Wireless LANs and Cellular Networks: Introduction, IEEE 802.11,
Bluetooth, Connecting devices, Cellular Telephony
UNIT - 8: 7 Hours
Network Layer: Introduction, Logical addressing, IPv4 addresses, IPv6
addresses, Internetworking basics,
IPv4, IPv6, Comparison of IPv4 and IPv6 Headers.
Text Books:
1. Behrouz A. Forouzan,: Data Communication and Networking, 4th
Edition Tata McGraw-Hill, 2006.
(Chapters 1.1 to 1.4, 2.1 to 2.5, 3.1 To 3.6, 4.1 to 4.3, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 8.1
to 8.3, 10.1 to 10.5, 11.1 to 11.7, 12.1 to 12.3, 13.1 to 13.5, 14.1, 14.2,
15.1, 16.1, 19.1, 19.2, 20.1 to 20.3)
Reference Books:
1. Alberto Leon-Garcia and Indra Widjaja: Communication Networks -
Fundamental Concepts and Key architectures, 2nd
Edition Tata
McGraw-Hill, 2004.
2. William Stallings: Data and Computer Communication, 8th
Edition,
3. Larry L. Peterson and Bruce S. Davie: Computer Networks – A
Systems Approach, 4th
4. Nader F. Mir: Computer and Communication Networks, Pearson
Education, 2007.

49
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY
PART - A
UNIT – 1 7 Hours
Introduction to Finite Automata: Introduction to Finite Automata; The
central concepts of Automata theory; Deterministic finite automata;
Nondeterministic finite automata
UNIT – 2 7 Hours
Finite Automata, Regular Expressions: An application of finite automata;
Finite automata with Epsilon-transitions; Regular expressions; Finite
Automata and Regular Expressions; Applications of Regular Expressions
UNIT – 3 6 Hours
Regular Languages, Properties of Regular Languages: Regular
languages; Proving languages not to be regular languages; Closure properties
of regular languages; Decision properties of regular languages; Equivalence
and minimization of automata
UNIT – 4 6 Hours
Context-Free Grammars And Languages : Context –free grammars; Parse
trees; Applications; Ambiguity in grammars and Languages .
PART – B
UNIT – 5 7 Hours
Pushdown Automata: Definition of the Pushdown automata; the languages
of a PDA; Equivalence of PDA‟s and CFG‟s; Deterministic Pushdown
Automata
UNIT – 6 6 Hours
Properties of Context-Free Languages: Normal forms for CFGs; The
pumping lemma for CFGs; Closure properties of CFLs
UNIT – 7 7 Hours
Introduction To Turing Machine: Problems that Computers cannot solve;
The turning machine; Programming techniques for Turning Machines;

50
Extensions to the basic Turning Machines; Turing Machine and Computers.
UNIT – 8 6 Hours
Undecidability: A Language that is not recursively enumerable; An
Undecidable problem that is RE; Post‟s Correspondence problem; Other
undecidable problems.
Text Books:
1. John E. Hopcroft, Rajeev Motwani, Jeffrey D.Ullman: Introduction
to Automata Theory, Languages and Computation, 3rd
Edition,
(Chapters: 1.1, 1.5, 2.2 to 2.5, 3.1 to 3.3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8.1 to
8.4, 8.6, 9.1, 9.2, 9.4.1, 9.5)
Reference Books:
1. K.L.P. Mishra: Theory of Computer Science, Automata, Languages,
and Computation, 3rd
Edition, PHI Learning, 2009.
2. Raymond Greenlaw, H.James Hoover: Fundamentals of the Theory
of Computation, Principles and Practice, Elsevier, 1998.
3. John C Martin: Introduction to Languages and Automata Theory, 3rd
Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2007.
4. Thomas A. Sudkamp: An Introduction to the Theory of Computer
Science, Languages and Machines, 3rd
2006.
DATABASE APPLICATIONS LABORATORY
1. Consider the following relations:
Student (snum: integer, sname: string, major: string, level: string,
age: integer)
Class (name: string, meets at: string, room: string, d: integer)
Enrolled (snum: integer, cname: string)
Faculty (fid: integer, fname: string, deptid: integer)
The meaning of these relations is straightforward; for example,
Enrolled has one record per student-class pair such that the student
is enrolled in the class. Level is a two character code with 4 different
values (example: Junior: JR etc)
Write the following queries in SQL. No duplicates should be printed
in any of the answers.

51
i. Find the names of all Juniors (level = JR) who are enrolled
in a class taught by Prof. Harshith
ii. Find the names of all classes that either meet in room R128
or have five or more Students enrolled.
iii. Find the names of all students who are enrolled in two
classes that meet at the same time.
iv. Find the names of faculty members who teach in every
room in which some class is taught.
v. Find the names of faculty members for whom the combined
enrollment of the courses that they teach is less than five.
2. The following relations keep track of airline flight information:
Flights (no: integer, from: string, to: string, distance: integer,
Departs: time, arrives: time, price: real)
Aircraft (aid: integer, aname: string, cruisingrange: integer)
Certified (eid: integer, aid: integer)
Employees (eid: integer, ename: string, salary: integer)
Note that the Employees relation describes pilots and other kinds of
employees as well; Every pilot is certified for some aircraft,
and only pilots are certified to fly.
Write each of the following queries in SQL.
i. Find the names of aircraft such that all pilots certified to
operate them have salaries more than Rs.80, 000.
ii. For each pilot who is certified for more than three aircrafts,
find the eid and the maximum cruisingrange of the aircraft
for which she or he is certified.
iii. Find the names of pilots whose salary is less than the price
of the cheapest route from Bengaluru to Frankfurt.
iv. For all aircraft with cruisingrange over 1000 Kms, .find the
name of the aircraft and the average salary of all pilots
certified for this aircraft.
v. Find the names of pilots certified for some Boeing aircraft.
vi. Find the aids of all aircraft that can be used on routes from
Bengaluru to New Delhi.
3. Consider the following database of student enrollment in courses &
books adopted for each course.
STUDENT (regno: string, name: string, major: string, bdate:date)
COURSE (course #:int, cname:string, dept:string)
ENROLL ( regno:string, course#:int, sem:int, marks:int)
BOOK _ ADOPTION (course# :int, sem:int, book-ISBN:int)
TEXT (book-ISBN:int, book-title:string, publisher:string,
author:string)

52
i. Create the above tables by properly specifying the primary
keys and the foreign keys.
ii. Enter at least five tuples for each relation.
iii. Demonstrate how you add a new text book to the database
and make this book be adopted by some department.
iv. Produce a list of text books (include Course #, Book-ISBN,
Book-title) in the alphabetical order for courses offered by
the „CS‟ department that use more than two books.
v. List any department that has all its adopted books
published by a specific publisher.
vi. Generate suitable reports.
vii. Create suitable front end for querying and displaying the
results.
4. The following tables are maintained by a book dealer.
AUTHOR (author-id:int, name:string, city:string, country:string)
PUBLISHER (publisher-id:int, name:string, city:string,
country:string)
CATALOG (book-id:int, title:string, author-id:int, publisher-id:int,
category-id:int, year:int, price:int)
CATEGORY (category-id:int, description:string)
ORDER-DETAILS (order-no:int, book-id:int, quantity:int)
keys and the foreign keys.
ii. Enter at least five tuples for each relation.
iii. Give the details of the authors who have 2 or more books in
the catalog and the price of the books is greater than the
average price of the books in the catalog and the year of
publication is after 2000.
iv. Find the author of the book which has maximum sales.
v. Demonstrate how you increase the price of books published
by a specific publisher by 10%.
results.
5. Consider the following database for a banking enterprise
BRANCH(branch-name:string, branch-city:string, assets:real)
ACCOUNT(accno:int, branch-name:string, balance:real)
DEPOSITOR(customer-name:string, accno:int)
CUSTOMER(customer-name:string, customer-street:string,
customer-city:string)
LOAN(loan-number:int, branch-name:string, amount:real)
BORROWER(customer-name:string, loan-number:int)

53
keys and the foreign keys
ii. Enter at least five tuples for each relation
iii. Find all the customers who have at least two accounts at the
Main branch.
iv. Find all the customers who have an account at all the
branches located in a specific city.
v. Demonstrate how you delete all account tuples at every
branch located in a specific city.
results.
Instructions:
1. The exercises are to be solved in an RDBMS environment like
Oracle or DB2.
2. Suitable tuples have to be entered so that queries are executed
correctly.
3. Front end may be created using either VB or VAJ or any other
similar tool.
4. The student need not create the front end in the examination.
The results of the queries may be displayed directly.
5. Relevant queries other than the ones listed along with the
exercises may also be asked in the examination.
6. Questions must be asked based on lots.
SYSTEM SOFTWARE & OPERATING SYSTEMS
LABORATORY
PART - A
LEX and YACC Programs:
Design, develop, and execute the following programs using LEX:
1. a) Program to count the number of characters, words, spaces and
lines in a given input file.

54
b) Program to count the numbers of comment lines in a given C
program. Also eliminate them and copy the resulting program
into separate file.
2. a) Program to recognize a valid arithmetic expression and to
recognize the identifiers and operators present. Print them
separately.
b) Program to recognize whether a given sentence is simple or
compound.
3. Program to recognize and count the number of identifiers in a given
input file.
Design, develop, and execute the following programs using YACC:
4. a) Program to recognize a valid arithmetic expression that uses
operators +, -, * and /.
b) Program to recognize a valid variable, which starts with a letter,
followed by any number of letters or digits.
5. a) Program to evaluate an arithmetic expression involving operators
+, -, * and /.
b) Program to recognize strings „aaab‟, „abbb‟, „ab‟ and „a‟ using
the grammar (an
bn
, n>= 0).
6. Program to recognize the grammar (an
b, n>= 10).
PART B
UNIX Programming:
Design, develop, and execute the following programs:
7. a) Non-recursive shell script that accepts any number of
arguments and prints them in the Reverse order, ( For example,
if the script is named rargs, then executing rargs A B C should
produce C B A on the standard output).
b) C program that creates a child process to read commands from
the standard input and execute them (a minimal implementation
of a shell – like program). You can assume that no arguments
will be passed to the commands to be executed.
8. a) Shell script that accepts two file names as arguments, checks if
the permissions for these files are identical and if the permissions

55
are identical, outputs the common permissions, otherwise outputs
each file name followed by its permissions.
b) C program to create a file with 16 bytes of arbitrary data from the
beginning and another 16 bytes of arbitrary data from an offset
of 48. Display the file contents to demonstrate how the hole in
file is handled.
9. a) Shell script that accepts file names specified as arguments and
creates a shell script that contains this file as well as the code to
recreate these files. Thus if the script generated by your script is
executed, it would recreate the original files(This is same as the
“bundle” script described by Brain W. Kernighan and Rob Pike
in “ The Unix Programming Environment”, Prentice – Hall
India).
b) C program to do the following: Using fork( ) create a child
process. The child process prints its own process-id and id of
its parent and then exits. The parent process waits for its child to
finish (by executing the wait( )) and prints its own process-id and
the id of its child process and then exits.
Operating Systems:
10. Design, develop and execute a program in C / C++ to simulate the
working of Shortest Remaining Time and Round-Robin Scheduling
Algorithms. Experiment with different quantum sizes for the Round-
Robin algorithm. In all cases, determine the average turn-around
time. The input can be read from key board or from a file.
11. Using OpenMP, Design, develop and run a multi-threaded program
to generate and print Fibonacci Series. One thread has to generate
the numbers up to the specified limit and another thread has to print
them. Ensure proper synchronization.
12. Design, develop and run a program to implement the Banker‟s
Algorithm. Demonstrate its working with different data values.
Instructions:
In the examination, a combination of one LEX and one YACC
problem has to be asked from Part A for a total of 30 marks and one
programming exercise from Part B has to be asked for a total of 20
marks.

56
VI SEMESTER
MANAGEMENT AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP
(Common to All Branches)
Subject Code: 10AL61 I.A. Marks : 25
UNIX SYSTEM PROGRAMMING
PART - A
UNIT – 1 6 Hours
Introduction: UNIX and ANSI Standards: The ANSI C Standard, The
ANSI/ISO C++ Standards, Difference between ANSI C and C++, The POSIX
Standards, The POSIX.1 FIPS Standard, The X/Open Standards.
UNIX and POSIX APIs: The POSIX APIs, The UNIX and POSIX
Development Environment, API Common Characteristics.
UNIT – 2 6 Hours
UNIX Files: File Types, The UNIX and POSIX File System, The UNIX and
POSIX File Attributes, Inodes in UNIX System V, Application Program
Interface to Files, UNIX Kernel Support for Files, Relationship of C Stream
Pointers and File Descriptors, Directory Files, Hard and Symbolic Links.
UNIT – 3 7 Hours
UNIX File APIs: General File APIs, File and Record Locking, Directory
File APIs, Device File APIs, FIFO File APIs, Symbolic Link File APIs,
General File Class, regfile Class for Regular Files, dirfile Class for Directory
Files, FIFO File Class, Device File Class, Symbolic Link File Class, File
Listing Program.
UNIT – 4 7 Hours
UNIX Processes: The Environment of a UNIX Process: Introduction, main
function, Process Termination, Command-Line Arguments, Environment
List, Memory Layout of a C Program, Shared Libraries, Memory Allocation,

57
Environment Variables, setjmp and longjmp Functions, getrlimit, setrlimit
Functions, UNIX Kernel Support for Processes.
PART - B
UNIT – 5 7 Hours
Process Control : Introduction, Process Identifiers, fork, vfork, exit, wait,
waitpid, wait3, wait4 Functions, Race Conditions, exec Functions, Changing
User IDs and Group IDs, Interpreter Files, system Function, Process
Accounting, User Identification, Process Times, I/O Redirection.
Process Relationships: Introduction, Terminal Logins, Network Logins,
Process Groups, Sessions, Controlling Terminal, tcgetpgrp and tcsetpgrp
Functions, Job Control, Shell Execution of Programs, Orphaned Process
Groups.
UNIT – 6 7 Hours
Signals and Daemon Processes: Signals: The UNIX Kernel Support for
Signals, signal, Signal Mask, sigaction, The SIGCHLD Signal and the
waitpid Function, The sigsetjmp and siglongjmp Functions, Kill, Alarm,
Interval Timers, POSIX.lb Timers.
Daemon Processes: Introduction, Daemon Characteristics, Coding Rules,
Error Logging, Client-Server Model.
UNIT – 7 6 Hours
Interprocess Communication – 1: Overview of IPC Methods, Pipes, popen,
pclose Functions, Coprocesses, FIFOs, System V IPC, Message Queues,
Semaphores.
UNIT – 8 6 Hours
Interprocess Communication – 2: Shared Memory, Client-Server
Properties, Stream Pipes, Passing File Descriptors, An Open Server-Version
1, Client-Server Connection Functions.
Text Books:
1. Terrence Chan: UNIX System Programming Using C++, Prentice
Hall India, 1999.
(Chapters 1, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)
2. W. Richard Stevens: Advanced Programming in the UNIX
Environment, 2nd
(Chapters 7, 8, 9, 13, 14, 15)
Reference Books:
1. Marc J. Rochkind: Advanced UNIX Programming, 2nd
Edition,
2. Maurice J Bach: The Design of the UNIX Operating System,

58
3. Uresh Vahalia: UNIX Internals: The New Frontiers, Pearson
Education, 2001.
COMPILER DESIGN
PART – A
UNIT – 1 8 Hours
Introduction, Lexical analysis: Language processors; The structure of a
Compiler; The evolution pf programming languages; The science of building
a Compiler; Applications of compiler technology; Programming language
basics.
Lexical analysis: The Role of Lexical Analyzer; Input Buffering;
Specifications of Tokens; Recognition of Tokens.
UNIT – 2 6 Hours
Syntax Analysis – 1: Introduction; Context-free Grammars; Writing a
Grammar. Top-down Parsing; Bottom-up Parsing.
UNIT – 3 6 Hours
Syntax Analysis – 2: Top-down Parsing; Bottom-up Parsing.
UNIT – 4 6 Hours
Syntax Analysis – 3: Introduction to LR Parsing: Simple LR; More powerful
LR parsers (excluding Efficient construction and compaction of parsing
tables) ; Using ambiguous grammars; Parser Generators.
PART – B
UNIT – 5 7 Hours
Syntax-Directed Translation: Syntax-directed definitions; Evaluation
orders for SDDs; Applications of syntax-directed translation; Syntax-directed
translation schemes.
UNIT – 6 6 Hours
Intermediate Code Generation: Variants of syntax trees; Three-address
code; Translation of expressions; Control flow; Back patching; Switch-
statements; Procedure calls.

59
UNIT – 7 6 Hours
Run-Time Environments: Storage Organization; Stack allocation of space;
Access to non-local data on the stack; Heap management; Introduction to
garbage collection.
UNIT – 8 7 Hours
Code Generation: Issues in the design of Code Generator; The Target
Language; Addresses in the target code; Basic blocks and Flow graphs;
Optimization of basic blocks; A Simple Code Generator
Text Books:
1. Alfred V Aho, Monica S.Lam, Ravi Sethi, Jeffrey D Ullman:
Compilers- Principles, Techniques and Tools, 2nd
Edition, Pearson
Education, 2007.
(Chapters 1, 3.1 to 3.4, 4 excluding 4.7.5 and 4.7.6, 5.1 to 5.4, 6.1,
6.2, 6.4, 6.6, 6.7 to 6.9, 7.1 to 7.5, 8.1 to 8.6.)
Reference Books:
1. Charles N. Fischer, Richard J. leBlanc, Jr.: Crafting a Compiler with
C, Pearson Education, 1991.
2. Andrew W Apple: Modern Compiler Implementation in C,
Cambridge University Press, 1997.
3. Kenneth C Louden: Compiler Construction Principles & Practice,
COMPUTER NETWORKS - II
PART - A
UNIT - 1 6 Hours
Packet Switching Networks - 1: Network services and internal network
operation, Packet network topology, Routing in Packet networks, Shortest
path routing: Bellman-Ford algorithm.
UNIT – 2 6 Hours
Packet Switching Networks – 2: Shortest path routing (continued), Traffic
management at the Packet level, Traffic management at Flow level, Traffic
management at flow aggregate level.

60
UNIT – 3 6 Hours
TCP/IP-1: TCP/IP architecture, The Internet Protocol, IPv6, UDP.
UNIT – 4 8 Hours
TCP/IP-2: TCP, Internet Routing Protocols, Multicast Routing, DHCP, NAT
and Mobile IP.
PART – B
UNIT - 5 7 Hours
Applications, Network Management, Network Security: Application layer
overview, Domain Name System (DNS), Remote Login Protocols, E-mail,
File Transfer and FTP, World Wide Web and HTTP, Network management,
Overview of network security, Overview of security methods, Secret-key
encryption protocols, Public-key encryption protocols, Authentication,
Authentication and digital signature, Firewalls.
UNIT – 6 6 Hours
QoS, VPNs, Tunneling, Overlay Networks: Overview of QoS, Integrated
Services QoS, Differentiated services QoS, Virtual Private Networks, MPLS,
Overlay networks.
UNIT - 7 7 Hours
Multimedia Networking: Overview of data compression, Digital voice and
compression, JPEG, MPEG, Limits of compression with loss, Compression
methods without loss, Overview of IP Telephony, VoIP signaling protocols,
Real-Time Media Transport Protocols, Stream control Transmission Protocol
(SCTP)
UNIT – 8 6 Hours
Mobile AdHoc Networks and Wireless Sensor Neworks: Overview of
Wireless Ad-Hoc networks, Routing in AdHOc Networks, Routing protocols
for and Security of AdHoc networks, Sensor Networks and protocol
structures, Communication Energy model, Clustering protocols, Routing
protocols, ZigBee technology and 802.15.4.

61
Text Books:
1. Communication Networks – Fundamental Concepts & key
architectures, Alberto Leon Garcia & Indra Widjaja, 2nd
Edition,
Tata McGraw-Hill, India
(7 - excluding 7.6, 8)
2. Computer & Communication Networks, Nadir F Mir, Pearson
Education, India
(9, 10 excluding 10.7, 12.1 to 12.3, 16, 17.1 to 17.6, 18.1 to18.3,
18.5, 19, 20)
Reference Books:
1. Behrouz A. Forouzan: Data Communications and Networking, 4th
2. William Stallings: Data and Computer Communication, 8th
Edition,
3. Larry L. Peterson and Bruce S. Davie: Computer Networks – A
Systems Approach, 4th
4. Wayne Tomasi: Introduction to Data Communications and
Networking, Pearson Education, 2005.
COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND VISUALIZATION
PART - A
UNIT – 1 7 Hours
Introduction: Applications of computer graphics; A graphics system;
Images: Physical and synthetic; Imaging Systems; The synthetic camera
model; The programmer‟s interface; Graphics architectures; Programmable
Pipelines; Performance Characteristics
Graphics Programming: The Sierpinski gasket; Programming Two Dimensional
Applications.
UNIT – 2 6 Hours
The OpenGL: The OpenGL API; Primitives and attributes; Color; Viewing;
Control functions; The Gasket program; Polygons and recursion; The three-
dimensional gasket; Plotting Implicit Functions

62
UNIT – 3 7 Hours
Input and Interaction: Interaction; Input devices; Clients and Servers; Display
Lists; Display Lists and Modeling; Programming Event Driven Input; Menus;
Picking; A simple CAD program; Building Interactive Models; Animating
Interactive Programs; Design of Interactive Programs; Logic Operations
UNIT – 4 6 Hours
Geometric Objects and Transformations-I: Scalars, Points, and Vectors;
Three-dimensional Primitives; Coordinate Systems and Frames; Modeling a
Colored Cube; Affine Transformations; Rotation, Translation and Scaling;
PART - B
UNIT – 5 5 Hours
Geometric Objects and Transformations-II: Geometric Objects and
Transformations; Transformation in Homogeneous Coordinates; Concatenation
of Transformations; OpenGL Transformation Matrices; Interfaces to three-
dimensional applications; Quaternion‟s.
UNIT – 6 7 Hours
Viewing: Classical and computer viewing; Viewing with a Computer;
Positioning of the camera; Simple projections; Projections in OpenGL; Hidden-
surface removal; Interactive Mesh Displays; Parallel-projection matrices;
Perspective-projection matrices; Projections and Shadows.
UNIT – 7 6 Hours
Lighting and Shading: Light and Matter; Light Sources; The Phong Lighting
model; Computation of vectors; Polygonal Shading; Approximation of a sphere
by recursive subdivisions; Light sources in OpenGL; Specification of materials
in OpenGL; Shading of the sphere model; Global Illumination.
UNIT – 8 8 Hours
Implementation: Basic Implementation Strategies; Four major tasks; Clipping;
Line-segment clipping; Polygon clipping; Clipping of other primitives;
Clipping in three dimensions; Rasterization; Bresenham‟s algorithm; Polygon
Rasterization; Hidden-surface removal; Antialiasing; Display considerations.
Text Books:
1. Edward Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics A Top-Down
Approach with OpenGL, 5th
(Chapters 1 to 7)
Reference Books:
1. Donald Hearn and Pauline Baker: Computer Graphics- OpenGL
Version, 3rd

63
2. F.S. Hill Jr.: Computer Graphics Using OpenGL, 3rd
Edition, PHI,
2009.
3. James D Foley, Andries Van Dam, Steven K Feiner, John F Hughes,
Computer Graphics, Pearson Education 1997.
OPERATIONS RESEARCH
PART - A
UNIT – 1 6 Hours
Introduction, Linear Programming – 1: Introduction: The origin, nature
and impact of OR; Defining the problem and gathering data; Formulating a
mathematical model; Deriving solutions from the model; Testing the model;
Preparing to apply the model; Implementation .
Introduction to Linear Programming: Prototype example; The linear
programming (LP) model.
UNIT – 2 7 Hours
LP – 2, Simplex Method – 1: Assumptions of LP; Additional examples.
The essence of the simplex method; Setting up the simplex method; Algebra
of the simplex method; the simplex method in tabular form; Tie breaking in
the simplex method
UNIT – 3 6 Hours
Simplex Method – 2: Adapting to other model forms; Post optimality
analysis; Computer implementation
Foundation of the simplex method.
UNIT – 4 7 Hours
Simplex Method – 2, Duality Theory: The revised simplex method, a
fundamental insight.
The essence of duality theory; Economic interpretation of duality, Primal
dual relationship; Adapting to other primal forms
PART - B
UNIT – 5 7 Hours
Duality Theory and Sensitivity Analysis, Other Algorithms for LP : The
role of duality in sensitive analysis; The essence of sensitivity analysis;

64
Applying sensitivity analysis. The dual simplex method; Parametric linear
programming; The upper bound technique.
UNIT – 6 7 Hours
Transportation and Assignment Problems: The transportation problem; A
streamlined simplex method for the transportation problem; The assignment
problem; A special algorithm for the assignment problem.
UNIT – 7 6 Hours
Game Theory, Decision Analysis: Game Theory: The formulation of two
persons, zero sum games; Solving simple games- a prototype example;
Games with mixed strategies; Graphical solution procedure; Solving by
linear programming, Extensions.
Decision Analysis: A prototype example; Decision making without
experimentation; Decision making with experimentation; Decision trees.
UNIT – 8 6 Hours
Metaheuristics: The nature of Metaheuristics, Tabu Search, Simulated
Annealing, Genetic Algorithms.
Text Books:
1. Frederick S. Hillier and Gerald J. Lieberman: Introduction to
Operations Research: Concepts and Cases, 8th
Edition, Tata
McGraw Hill, 2005.
(Chapters: 1, 2, 3.1 to 3.4, 4.1 to 4.8, 5, 6.1 to 6.7, 7.1 to 7.3, 8, 13,
14, 15.1 to 15.4)
Reference Books:
1. Wayne L. Winston: Operations Research Applications and
Algorithms, 4th
Edition, Cengage Learning, 2003.
2. Hamdy A Taha: Operations Research: An Introduction, 8th
Edition,
SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS
PART - A
UNIT – 1 7 Hours
Introduction: Definitions of a signal and a system; Classification of signals;
Basic operations on signals; Elementary signals.

65
UNIT – 2 7 Hours
Systems, Time-domain representations – 1: Systems viewed as
interconnections of operations; Properties of systems; Convolution; Impulse
response representation; Properties of impulse response representation.
UNIT – 3 6 Hours
Time domain representation – 2: Differential and difference equation
representations; Block diagram representations.
UNIT – 4 6 Hours
Fourier Representation – 1: Fourier representation: Introduction; Fourier
representations for four signal classes; Orthogonality of complex sinusoidal
signals.
PART – B
UNIT – 5 6 Hours
Fourier Representation -2: DTFS representations; Continuous-tine Fourier-
series representations; DTFT and FT representations; Properties of Fourier
representations.
UNIT – 6 7 Hours
Application of Fourier representations – 1: Frequency response of LTI
systems; Solution of differential and difference equations using system
function.
UNIT – 7 7 Hours
Applications of Fourier Representations – 2, Z-Transforms – 1: Fourier
transform representations for periodic signals; Sampling of continuous time
signals and signal reconstruction.
Introduction to Z-transform; Properties of ROC; Properties of Z-transforms;
Inversion of Z-transforms
UNIT –Z – 8 6 Hours
Transforms – 2: Transforms analysis of LTI systems; Transfer function;
Stability and causality; Unilateral Z-transforms and its application to solve
difference equations
Text Books:
1. Simon Haykin and Barry Van Veen: Signals and Systems, 2nd
Edition, Wiley India, 2007.
(Chapters: 1.1 to 1.8, 2.2 to 2.5, 3.1 to 3.6, 4.2 to 4.3, 4.7, 7.1 to 7.6,
7.8)
Reference Books:

66
1. Alan V. Oppenheim, Alan S. Willsky and S. Hamid Nawab: Signals
and Systems, 2nd
Edition, PHI, 1997, Indian reprint 2009.
2. Ganesh Rao D and Satish Tunga: Signals and Systems - A
Simplified Approach, Sanguine Technical Publishers, 2003-04.
DATA COMPRESSION
PART – A
UNIT –1 7 Hours
Introduction, Lossless Compression -1: Compression techniques; Modeling
and coding.
Mathematical preliminaries for lossless compression: Overview; Basic
concepts of Information Theory; Models; Coding; Algorithmic information
theory; Minimum description length principle.
Huffman coding: Overview; The Huffman coding algorithm,
Minimumvariance Huffman codes; Application of Huffman coding for text
compression.
UNIT – 2 6 Hours
Lossless Compression – 2: Dictionary Techniques: Overview; Introduction;
Static dictionary; Adaptive dictionary; Applications: UNIX compress, GIF,
PNG, V.42.
Lossless image compression: Overview; Introduction; Basics; CALIC; JPEG-
LS; Multiresoution approaches; Facsimile encoding: Run-length coding, T.4
and T.6.
UNIT – 3 6 Hours
Basics of Lossy Coding: Some mathematical concepts: Overview;
Introduction; Distortion criteria; Models.
Scalar quantization: Overview; Introduction; The quantization problem;
Uniform quantizer; Adaptive quantization.
UNIT – 4 7 Hours
Vector Quantization, Differential Encoding: Vector quantization:
Overview; Introduction; Advantages of vector quantization over scalar
quantization; The LBG algorithm.
Differential Encoding: Overview; Introduction; The basic algorithm;
Prediction in DPCM; Adaptive DPCM; Delta modulation; Speech coding;
Image coding.

67
PART - B
UNIT – 5 7 Hours
Some Mathematical Concepts, Transform coding: Some mathematical
concepts: Linear systems; Sampling; Discrete Fourier transform; Z-
transform.
Transform coding: Overview; introduction; The transform; Transforms of
interest; Quantization and coding for transform coefficients; Application to
image compression – JPEG; Application to audio compression – MDCT.
UNIT – 6 6 Hours
Subband Coding, Audio Coding: Subband Coding: Overview;
introduction; Filters; The basic subband coding algorithm; Bit allocation;
Application to speech coding – G.722; Application to audio coding – MPEG
audio; Application to image compression.
Audio Coding: Overview; Introduction; MPEG audio coding; MPEG
advanced audio coding; Dolby AC3; Other standards.
UNIT – 7 6 Hours
Wavelet-Based Compression: Overview; Introduction; Wavelets;
Multiresolution and the scaling function; Implementation using Filters; Image
compression; Embedded zerotree coder; Set partitioning in hierarchical trees;
JPEG 2000.
UNIT – 8 7 Hours
Video Compression: Overview; Introduction; Motion compensation; Video
signal representation; H.261; Model-based coding; Asymmetric applications;
MPEG-1 and MPEG-2; H.263; H.264, MPEG-4 and advanced video coding;
Packet video.
Text Books:
1. Khalid Sayood: Introduction to Data Compression, 3rd
Edition,
Elsevier, 2006. (Chapters 1, 2 excluding 2.2.1 and 2.4.3, 3.1, 3.2,
3.2.1, 3.8.2, 5, 7.1 to 7.5, 7.6, 7.6.1, 7.6.2, 8.1 to 8.3, 8.6, 9.1 to 9.5,
10.1 to 10.4, 11, 12.6 to 12.9, 13, 14.1 to 14.4, 14.9 to 14.12, 15, 16,
18.1 to 18.13)
Reference Books:
1. D. Salomon: Data Compression: The Complete Reference, Springer,
1998.

68
PATTERN RECOGNITION
PART – A
UNIT – 1 6 Hours
Introduction: Machine perception, an example; Pattern Recognition System;
The Design Cycle; Learning and Adaptation.
UNIT – 2 7 Hours
Bayesian Decision Theory: Introduction, Bayesian Decision Theory;
Continuous Features, Minimum error rate, classification, classifiers,
discriminant functions, and decision surfaces; The normal density;
Discriminant functions for the normal density.
UNIT – 3 7 Hours
Maximum-likelihood and Bayesian Parameter Estimation: Introduction;
Maximum-likelihood estimation; Bayesian Estimation; Bayesian parameter
estimation: Gaussian Case, general theory; Hidden Markov Models.
UNIT – 4 6 Hours
Non-parametric Techniques: Introduction; Density Estimation; Parzen
windows; kn – Nearest- Neighbor Estimation; The Nearest- Neighbor Rule;
Metrics and Nearest-Neighbor Classification.
PART – B
UNIT – 5 7 Hours
Linear Discriminant Functions: Introduction; Linear Discriminant
Functions and Decision Surfaces; Generalized Linear Discriminant
Functions; The Two-Category Linearly Separable case; Minimizing the
Perception Criterion Functions; Relaxation Procedures; Non-separable
Behavior; Minimum Squared-Error procedures; The Ho-Kashyap procedures.
UNIT – 6 6 Hours
Stochastic Methods: Introduction; Stochastic Search; Boltzmann Learning;
Boltzmann Networks and Graphical Models; Evolutionary Methods.
UNIT – 7 6 Hours
Non-Metric Methods: Introduction; Decision Trees; CART; Other Tree
Methods; Recognition with Strings; Grammatical Methods.

69
UNIT – 8 7 Hours
Unsupervised Learning and Clustering: Introduction; Mixture Densities
and Identifiability; Maximum-Likelihood Estimates; Application to Normal
Mixtures; Unsupervised Bayesian Learning; Data Description and Clustering;
Criterion Functions for Clustering.
Text Books:
1. Richard O. Duda, Peter E. Hart, and David G.Stork: Pattern
Classification, 2nd
Edition, Wiley-Interscience, 2001.
Reference Books:
1. Earl Gose, Richard Johnsonbaugh, Steve Jost: Pattern Recognition
and Image Analysis, PHI, Indian Reprint 2008.
STOCHASTIC MODELS AND APPLICATIONS
PART – A
UNIT – 1 6 Hours
Introduction – 1: Axioms of probability; Conditional probability and
independence; Random variables; Expected value and variance; Moment-
Generating Functions and Laplace Transforms; conditional expectation;
Exponential random variables.
UNIT – 2 6 Hours
Introduction – 2: Limit theorems; Examples: A random graph; The
Quicksort and Find algorithms; A self-organizing list model; Random
permutations.
UNIT – 3 7 Hours
Probability Bounds, Approximations, and Computations: Tail probability
inequalities; The second moment and conditional expectation inequality;
probability bounds via the Importance sampling identity; Poisson random
variables and the Poisson paradigm; Compound Poisson random variables.
UNIT – 4 7 Hours
Markov Chains: Introduction; Chapman-Kologorov Equations;
Classification of states; Limiting and stationary probabilities; some

70
applications; Time-Reversible Markov Chains; Markov Chain Monte Carlo
methods.
PART – B
UNIT – 5 6 Hours
The Probabilistic Method: Introduction; Using probability to prove
existence; Obtaining bounds from expectations; The maximum weighted
independent set problem: A bound and a ranom algorithm; The set covering
problem; Antichains; The Lovasz Local lemma; A random algorithm for
finding the minimal cut in a graph.
UNIT – 6 6 Hours
Martingales: Martingales: Definitions and examples; The martingale
stopping theorem; The Hoeffding-Azuma inequality; Sub-martingales.
UNIT – 7 7 Hours
Poisson Processes, Queuing Theory – 1: The non-stationary Poisson
process; The stationary Poisson process; Some Poisson process
computations; Classifying the events of a non-stationary Poisson process;
Conditional distribution of the arrival times
Queuing Theory: Introduction; Preliminaries; Exponential models
UNIT – 8 7 Hours
Queuing Theory – 2: Birth-and-Death exponential queuing systems; The
backwards approach in exponential queues; A closed queuing network; An
open queuing network; The M/G/1 queue; Priority queues.
Text Books:
1. Sheldon M. Ross: Probability Models for Computer Science,
Elsevier, 2002.
Reference Books:
1. B. R. Bhat: Stochastic Models Analysis and Applications, New Age
International, 2000.
2. Scott L. Miller, Donald G. Childers: Probability and Random
Processes with Applications to Signal Processing and
Communications, Elsevier, 2004.

71
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
PART - A
UNIT – 1 7 Hours
Introduction; Names, Scopes, and Bindings: The art of language design;
Programming language spectrum; Why study programming languages?
Compilation and interpretation; Programming environments.
Names, scope, and bindings: The notion of binding time; Object lifetime and
storage management; Scope rules; Implementing scope; The meaning of
names within a scope; The binding of referencing environments; Macro
expansion.
UNIT – 2 7 Hours
Control Flow: Expression evaluation; Structured and unstructured flow;
Sequencing; Selection; Iteration; Recursion; Non-determinacy
UNIT – 3 6 Hours
Data Types: Type systems; Type checking; Records and variants; Arrays;
Strings; Sets; Pointers and recursive types; Lists; Files and Input/Output;
Equality testing and assignment.
UNIT – 4 6 Hours
Subroutines and Control Abstraction: Review of stack layout; Calling
sequences; Parameter passing; Generic subroutines and modules; Exception
handling; Coroutines; Events.
PART – B
UNIT – 5 6 Hours
Data Abstraction and Object Orientation: Object oriented programming;
Encapsulation and Inheritance; Initialization and finalization; Dynamic
method binding; Multiple inheritance; Object oriented programming revisited.

72
UNIT – 6 7 Hours
Functional Languages, and Logic Languages: Functional Languages:
Origins; Concepts; A review/overview of scheme; Evaluation order revisited;
Higher-order functions; Functional programming in perspective. Logic
Languages: Concepts; Prolog; Logic programming in perspective.
UNIT – 7 6 Hours
Concurrency: Background and motivation; Concurrency programming
fundamentals; Implementing synchronization; Language-level mechanisms;
Message passing.
UNIT – 8 7 Hours
Run-Time Program Management: Virtual machines; Late binding of
machine code; Inspection/introspection.
Text Books:
1. Michael L. Scott: Programming Language Pragmatics, 3rd
Edition,
Elsevier, 2009.
(Chapters 1.1 to 1.5, 3.1 to 3.7, 6 excluding the sections on CD, 7
excluding the ML type system, 8, 9, 10 excluding the sections on
CD, 11 excluding the sections on CD, 12, 15. Note: Text Boxes
titled Design & Implementation are excluded)
Reference Books:
1. Ravi Sethi: Programming languages Concepts and Constructs, 2nd
2. R Sebesta: Concepts of Programming Languages, 8th
Edition,
3. Allen Tucker, Robert Nonan: Programming Languages, Principles
and Paradigms, 2nd
COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND VISUALIZATION LABORATORY
PART - A
Design, develop, and implement the following programs in C / C++
1. Program to recursively subdivide a tetrahedron to from 3D
Sierpinski gasket. The number of recursive steps is to be specified
by the user.

73
2. Program to implement Liang-Barsky line clipping algorithm.
3. Program to draw a color cube and spin it using OpenGL
transformation matrices.
4. Program to create a house like figure and rotate it about a given
fixed point using OpenGL functions.
5. Program to implement the Cohen-Sutherland line-clipping
algorithm. Make provision to specify the input line, window for
clipping and view port for displaying the clipped image.
6. Program to create a cylinder and a parallelepiped by extruding a
circle and quadrilateral respectively. Allow the user to specify the
circle and the quadrilateral.
7. Program, using OpenGL functions, to draw a simple shaded scene
consisting of a tea pot on a table. Define suitably the position and
properties of the light source along with the properties of the
properties of the surfaces of the solid object used in the scene.
8. Program to draw a color cube and allow the user to move the camera
suitably to experiment with perspective viewing. Use OpenGL
functions.
9. Program to fill any given polygon using scan-line area filling
algorithm. (Use appropriate data structures.)
10. Program to display a set of values {fij} as a rectangular mesh.
PART - B
Develop a suitable Graphics package to implement the skills learnt
in the theory and the exercises indicated in Part A. Use the OpenGL.
Note:
1. Any question from Part A may be asked in the examination.
2. A report of about 10 – 12 pages on the package developed in
Part B, duly certified by the department must be submitted
during examination.
Instructions:
In the examination, one exercise from Part A is to be asked for a
total of 30 marks. The package developed under Part B has to be
evaluated for a total of 20 marks.

74
UNIX SYSTEM PROGRAMMING AND COMPILER DESIGN
LABORATORY
List of Experiments for USP: Design, develop, and execute the
following programs
1. Write a C/C++ POSIX compliant program to check the following
limits:
(i) No. of clock ticks (ii) Max. no. of child processes
(iii) Max. path length
(iv) Max. no. of characters in a file name (v) Max. no.
of open files/ process
2. Write a C/C++ POSIX compliant program that prints the POSIX
defined configuration options supported on any given system using
feature test macros.
3. Consider the last 100 bytes as a region. Write a C/C++ program to
check whether the region is locked or not. If the region is locked,
print pid of the process which has locked. If the region is not locked,
lock the region with an exclusive lock, read the last 50 bytes and
unlock the region.
4. Write a C/C++ program which demonstrates interprocess
communication between a reader process and a writer process. Use
mkfifo, open, read, write and close APIs in your program.
5. a) Write a C/C++ program that outputs the contents of its
Environment list
b) Write a C / C++ program to emulate the unix ln command
6. Write a C/C++ program to illustrate the race condition.
7. Write a C/C++ program that creates a zombie and then calls system
to execute the ps command to verify that the process is zombie.
8. Write a C/C++ program to avoid zombie process by forking twice.
9. Write a C/C++ program to implement the system function.

75
10. Write a C/C++ program to set up a real-time clock interval timer
using the alarm API.
List of Experiments for Compiler Design: Design, develop, and
execute the following programs.
11. Write a C program to implement the syntax-directed definition of “if
E then S1” and “if E then S1 else S2”. (Refer Fig. 8.23 in the text
book prescribed for 06CS62 Compiler Design, Alfred V Aho, Ravi
Sethi, and Jeffrey D Ullman: Compilers- Principles, Techniques and
Tools, 2nd
Edition, Pearson Education, 2007).
12. Write a yacc program that accepts a regular expression as input and
produce its parse tree as output.
VII SEMESTER
OBJECT-ORIENTED MODELING AND DESIGN
PART – A
UNIT – 1 7 Hours
Introduction, Modeling Concepts, class Modeling: What is Object
Orientation? What is OO development? OO themes; Evidence for usefulness
of OO development; OO modeling history
Modeling as Design Technique: Modeling; abstraction; The three models.
Class Modeling: Object and class concepts; Link and associations concepts;
Generalization and inheritance; A sample class model; Navigation of class
models; Practical tips.
UNIT – 2 6 Hours
Advanced Class Modeling, State Modeling: Advanced object and class
concepts; Association ends; N-ary associations; Aggregation; Abstract
classes; Multiple inheritance; Metadata; Reification; Constraints; Derived
data; Packages; Practical tips.

76
State Modeling: Events, States, Transitions and Conditions; State diagrams;
State diagram behavior; Practical tips.
UNIT – 3 6 Hours
Advanced State Modeling, Interaction Modeling: Advanced State
Modeling: Nested state diagrams; Nested states; Signal generalization;
Concurrency; A sample state model; Relation of class and state models;
Practical tips.
Interaction Modeling: Use case models; Sequence models; Activity models.
Use case relationships; Procedural sequence models; Special constructs for
activity models.
UNIT – 4 7 Hours
Process Overview, System Conception, Domain Analysis: Process
Overview: Development stages; Development life cycle.
System Conception: Devising a system concept; Elaborating a concept;
Preparing a problem statement.
Domain Analysis: Overview of analysis; Domain class model; Domain state
model; Domain interaction model; Iterating the analysis.
PART – B
UNIT – 5 7 Hours
Application Analysis, System Design: Application Analysis: Application
interaction model; Application class model; Application state model; Adding
operations.
Overview of system design; Estimating performance; Making a reuse plan;
Breaking a system in to sub-systems; Identifying concurrency; Allocation of
sub-systems; Management of data storage; Handling global resources;
Choosing a software control strategy; Handling boundary conditions; Setting
the trade-off priorities; Common architectural styles; Architecture of the
ATM system as the example.
UNIT – 6 7 Hours
Class Design, Implementation Modeling, Legacy Systems: Class Design:
Overview of class design; Bridging the gap; Realizing use cases; Designing
algorithms; Recursing downwards, Refactoring; Design optimization;
Reification of behavior; Adjustment of inheritance; Organizing a class
design; ATM example.
Implementation Modeling: Overview of implementation; Fine-tuning classes;
Fine-tuning generalizations; Realizing associations; Testing.
Legacy Systems: Reverse engineering; Building the class models; Building
the interaction model; Building the state model; Reverse engineering tips;
Wrapping; Maintenance.
UNIT – 7 6 Hours

77
Design Patterns – 1: What is a pattern and what makes a pattern? Pattern
categories; Relationships between patterns; Pattern description
Communication Patterns: Forwarder-Receiver; Client-Dispatcher-Server;
Publisher-Subscriber.
UNIT – 8 6 Hours
Design Patterns – 2, Idioms: Management Patterns: Command processor;
View handler.
Idioms: Introduction; what can idioms provide? Idioms and style; Where to
find idioms; Counted Pointer example
Text Books:
1. Michael Blaha, James Rumbaugh: Object-Oriented Modeling and
Design with UML, 2nd
(Chapters 1 to 17, 23)
2. Frank Buschmann, Regine Meunier, Hans Rohnert, Peter
Sommerlad, Michael Stal: Pattern-Oriented Software Architecture,
A System of Patterns, Volume 1, John Wiley and Sons, 2007.
(Chapters 1, 3.5, 3.6, 4)
Reference Books:
1. Grady Booch et al: Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with
Applications, 3rd
2. Brahma Dathan, Sarnath Ramnath: Object-Oriented Analysis,
Design, and Implementation, Universities Press, 2009.
3. Hans-Erik Eriksson, Magnus Penker, Brian Lyons, David Fado:
UML 2 Toolkit, Wiley- Dreamtech India, 2004.
4. Simon Bennett, Steve McRobb and Ray Farmer: Object-Oriented
Systems Analysis and Design Using UML, 2nd
Edition, Tata
McGraw-Hill, 2002.

78
EMBEDDED COMPUTING SYSTEMS
Sub Code: 10CS72 IA Marks :25
Hrs/Week: 04 Exam Hours :03
Total Hrs: 52 Exam Marks :100
PART- A
UNIT – 1 6 Hours
Embedded Computing: Introduction, Complex Systems and
Microprocessors, Embedded Systems Design Process, Formalism for System
design
Design Example: Model Train Controller.
UNIT – 2 7 Hours
Instruction Sets, CPUs: Preliminaries, ARM Processor, Programming Input
and Output, Supervisor mode, Exceptions, Traps, Coprocessors, Memory
Systems Mechanisms, CPU Performance, CPU Power Consumption. Design
Example: Data Compressor.
UNIT – 3 6 Hours
Bus-Based Computer Systems: CPU Bus, Memory Devices, I/O devices,
Component Interfacing, Designing with Microprocessor, Development and
Debugging, System-Level Performance Analysis
Design Example: Alarm Clock.
UNIT – 4 7 Hours
Program Design and Analysis: Components for embedded programs,
Models of programs, Assembly, Linking and Loading, Basic Compilation
Techniques, Program optimization, Program-Level performance analysis,
Software performance optimization, Program-Level energy and power
analysis, Analysis and optimization of program size, Program validation and
testing. Design Example: Software modem.
PART- B
UNIT – 5 6 Hours
Real Time Operating System (RTOS) Based Design – 1: Basics of OS,
Kernel, types of OSs, tasks, processes, Threads, Multitasking and
Multiprocessing, Context switching, Scheduling Policies, Task
Communication, Task Synchronization.
UNIT – 6 6 Hours

79
RTOS-Based Design - 2: Inter process Communication mechanisms,
Evaluating OS performance, Choice of RTOS, Power Optimization. Design
Example: Telephone Answering machine
UNIT – 7 7 Hours
Distributed Embedded Systems: Distributed Network Architectures,
Networks for Embedded Systems: I2C Bus, CAN Bus, SHARC Link Ports,
Ethernet, Myrinet, Internet, Network Based Design. Design Example:
Elevator Controller.
UNIT – 8 7 Hours
Embedded Systems Development Environment: The Integrated
Development Environment, Types of File generated on Cross Compilation,
Dis-assembler /Decompiler, Simulators, Emulators, and Debugging, Target
Hardware Debugging.
Text Books:
1. Wayne Wolf: Computers as Components, Principles of Embedded
Computing Systems Design, 2nd
2. Shibu K V: Introduction to Embedded Systems, Tata McGraw Hill,
2009
(Chapters 10, 13)
Reference Books:
1. James K. Peckol: Embedded Systems, A contemporary Design Tool,
Wiley India, 2008
2. Tammy Neorgaard: Embedded Systems Architecture, Elsevier,
2005.
PROGRAMMING THE WEB
UNIT – 1 6 Hours
Fundamentals of Web, XHTML – 1: Internet, WWW, Web Browsers and
Web Servers, URLs, MIME, HTTP, Security, The Web Programmers
Toolbox.
XHTML: Basic syntax, Standard structure, Basic text markup, Images,
Hypertext Links.

80
UNIT – 2 7 Hours
XHTML – 2, CSS: XHTML (continued): Lists, Tables, Forms, Frames
CSS: Introduction, Levels of style sheets, Style specification formats,
Selector forms, Property value forms, Font properties, List properties, Color,
Alignment of text, The box model, Background images, The <span> and
<div> tags, Conflict resolution.
UNIT – 3 6 Hours
Javascript: Overview of Javascript, Object orientation and Javascript,
Syntactic characteristics, Primitives, operations, and expressions, Screen
output and keyboard input, Control statements, Object creation and
modification, Arrays, Functions, Constructors, Pattern matching using
regular expressions, Errors in scripts, Examples.
UNIT – 4 7 Hours
Javascript and HTML Documents, Dynamic Documents with Javascript:
The Javascript execution environment, The Document Object Model, Element
access in Javascript, Events and event handling, Handling events from the
Body elements, Button elements, Text box and Password elements, The DOM
2 event model, The navigator object, DOM tree traversal and modification.
Introduction to dynamic documents, Positioning elements, Moving elements,
Element visibility, Changing colors and fonts, Dynamic content, Stacking
elements, Locating the mouse cursor, Reacting to a mouse click, Slow
movement of elements, Dragging and dropping elements.
PART - B
UNIT – 5 6 Hours
XML: Introduction, Syntax, Document structure, Document type definitions,
Namespaces, XML schemas, Displaying raw XML documents, Displaying
XML documents with CSS, XSLT style sheets, XML processors, Web
services.
UNIT – 6 7 Hours
Perl, CGI Programming: Origins and uses of Perl, Scalars and their
operations, Assignment statements and simple input and output, Control
statements, Fundamentals of arrays, Hashes, References, Functions, Pattern
matching, File input and output; Examples.
The Common Gateway Interface; CGI linkage; Query string format; CGI.pm
module; A survey example; Cookies.
Database access with Perl and MySQL
UNIT – 7 6 Hours
PHP: Origins and uses of PHP, Overview of PHP, General syntactic
characteristics, Primitives, operations and expressions, Output, Control

81
statements, Arrays, Functions, Pattern matching, Form handling, Files,
Cookies, Session tracking, Database access with PHP and MySQL.
UNIT – 8 7 Hours
Ruby, Rails: Origins and uses of Ruby, Scalar types and their operations,
Simple input and output, Control statements, Arrays, Hashes, Methods,
Classes, Code blocks and iterators, Pattern matching.
Overview of Rails, Document requests, Processing forms, Rails applications
with Databases, Layouts.
Text Books:
1. Robert W. Sebesta: Programming the World Wide Web, 4th
Edition,
(Listed topics only from Chapters 1 to 9, 11 to 15)
Reference Books:
1. M. Deitel, P.J. Deitel, A. B. Goldberg: Internet & World Wide Web
How to Program, 4th
2. Chris Bates: Web Programming Building Internet Applications, 3rd
Edition, Wiley India, 2007.
3. Xue Bai et al: The web Warrior Guide to Web Programming,
ADVANCED COMPUTER ARCHITECTURES
PART - A
UNIT – 1 6 Hours
Fundamentals Of Computer Design: Introduction; Classes of computers;
Defining computer architecture; Trends in Technology, power in Integrated
Circuits and cost; Dependability; Measuring, reporting and summarizing
Performance; Quantitative Principles of computer design.
UNIT – 2 6 Hours
Pipelining: Introduction; Pipeline hazards; Implementation of pipeline; What
makes pipelining hard to implement?
UNIT – 3 7 Hours
Instruction –Level Parallelism – 1: ILP: Concepts and challenges; Basic
Compiler Techniques for exposing ILP; Reducing Branch costs with

82
prediction; Overcoming Data hazards with Dynamic scheduling; Hardware-
based speculation.
UNIT – 4 7 Hours
Instruction –Level Parallelism – 2: Exploiting ILP using multiple issue and
static scheduling; Exploiting ILP using dynamic scheduling, multiple issue
and speculation; Advanced Techniques for instruction delivery and
Speculation; The Intel Pentium 4 as example.
PART - B
UNIT – 5 7 Hours
Multiprocessors and Thread –Level Parallelism: Introduction; Symmetric
shared-memory architectures; Performance of symmetric shared–memory
multiprocessors; Distributed shared memory and directory-based coherence;
Basics of synchronization; Models of Memory Consistency
UNIT – 6 6 Hours
Review of Memory Hierarchy: Introduction; Cache performance; Cache
Optimizations, Virtual memory
UNIT – 7 6 Hours
Memory Hierarchy design: Introduction; Advanced optimizations of Cache
performance; Memory technology and optimizations; Protection: Virtual
memory and virtual machines.
UNIT – 8 7 Hours
Hardware and Software for VLIW and EPIC: Introduction: Exploiting
Instruction-Level Parallelism Statically; Detecting and Enhancing Loop-Level
Parallelism; Scheduling and Structuring Code for Parallelism; Hardware
Support for Exposing Parallelism: Predicated Instructions; Hardware Support
for Compiler Speculation; The Intel IA-64 Architecture and Itanium
Processor; Conclusions.
Text Books:
1. John L. Hennessey and David A. Patterson: Computer Architecture,
A Quantitative Approach, 4th
(Chapter. 1.1 to 1.9, 2.1 to 2.10, 4.1to 4.6, 5.1 to 5.4, Appendix A,
Appendix C, Appendix G)
Reference Books:
1. Kai Hwang: Advanced Computer Architecture Parallelism,
Scalability, Programability, 2nd
Edition, Tata Mc Graw Hill, 2010.

83
2. David E. Culler, Jaswinder Pal Singh, Anoop Gupta: Parallel
Computer Architecture, A Hardware / Software Approach, Morgan
Kaufman, 1999.
ADVANCED DBMS
PART - A
UNIT – 1 7 Hours
Overview of Storage and Indexing, Disks and Files: Data on external
storage; File organizations and indexing; Index data structures; Comparison
of file organizations; Indexes and performance tuning
Memory hierarchy; RAID; Disk space management; Buffer manager; Files of
records; Page formats and record formats
UNIT – 2 7 Hours
Tree Structured Indexing: Intuition for tree indexes; Indexed sequential
access method; B+ trees, Search, Insert, Delete, Duplicates, B+ trees in
practice
UNIT – 3 6 Hours
Hash-Based Indexing: Static hashing; Extendible hashing, Linear hashing,
comparisons
UNIT – 4 6 Hours
Overview of Query Evaluation, External Sorting : The system catalog;
Introduction to operator evaluation; Algorithms for relational operations;
Introduction to query optimization; Alternative plans: A motivating example;
what a typical optimizer does.
When does a DBMS sort data? A simple two-way merge sort; External merge
sort
PART - B
UNIT – 5 6 Hours
Evaluating Relational Operators : The Selection operation; General
selection conditions; The Projection operation; The Join operation; The Set
operations; Aggregate operations; The impact of buffering

84
UNIT – 6 7 Hours
A Typical Relational Query Optimizer: Translating SQL queries in to
Relational Algebra; Estimating the cost of a plan; Relational algebra
equivalences; Enumeration of alternative plans; Nested sub-queries; other
approaches to query optimization.
UNIT – 7 7 Hours
Physical Database Design and Tuning: Introduction; Guidelines for index
selection, examples; Clustering and indexing; Indexes that enable index-only
plans; Tools to assist in index selection; Overview of database tuning;
Choices in tuning the conceptual schema; Choices in tuning queries and
views; Impact of concurrency; DBMS benchmarking.
UNIT – 8 6 Hours
More Recent Applications: Mobile databases; Multimedia databases;
Geographical Information Systems; Genome data management
Text Books:
1. Raghu Ramakrishnan and Johannes Gehrke: Database Management
Systems, 3rd
Edition, McGraw-Hill, 2003.
(Chapters 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13.1 to 13.3, 14, 15, 20)
2. Elmasri and Navathe: Fundamentals of Database Systems, 5th
(Chapter 30)
Reference Books:
1. Connolly and Begg: Database Systems, 4th
Edition, Pearson
Education, 2002.
DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING
PART - A
UNIT – 1 7 Hours
The Discrete Fourier Transform: Its Properties and Applications :
Frequency Domain Sampling: The Discrete Fourier Transform: Frequency
Domain Sampling and Reconstruction of Discrete-Time Signals, The
Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), The DFT as a Linear Transformation,
Relationship of the DFT to other Transforms. Properties of the DFT:
Periodicity, Linearity and Symmetry Properties, Multiplication of Two
DFT‟s and Circular Convolution, Additional DFT Properties; Linear Filtering

85
Methods Based on the DFT: Use of the DFT in Linear Filtering, Filtering of
Long Data Sequences; Frequency Analysis of Signals using the DFT.
UNIT – 2 7 Hours
Efficient Computation of the DFT: Fast Fourier Transform Algorithms:
Efficient Computation of the DFT: FFT Algorithms : Direct Computation of
the DFT, Divide-and-Conquer Approach to Computation of the DFT, Radix-
2 FFT Algorithms, Radix-4 FFT Algorithms, Split-Radix FFT Algorithms,
Implementation of FFT Algorithms.
Applications of FFT Algorithms: Efficient computation of the DFT of Two
Real Sequences, Efficient computation of the DFT of a 2N-Point Real
Sequence, Use of the FFT Algorithm in Linear filtering and Correlation.
A Linear filtering approach to Computation of the DFT: The Goertzel
Algorithm, The Chirp-Z Transform Algorithm.
Quantization Effects in the Computation of the DFT: Quantization Errors in
the Direct Computation of the DFT, Quantization Errors in FFT Algorithms.
UNIT – 3 6 Hours
Implementation of Discrete-Time Systems – 1: Structures for the
Realization of Discrete-Time Systems
Structures for FIR Systems: Direct-Form Structures, Cascade-Form
Structures, Frequency-Sampling Structures, Lattice Structure.
Structures for IIR Systems: Direct-Form Structures, Signal Flow Graphs and
Transposed Structures, Cascade-Form Structures, Parallel-Form Structures,
Lattice and Lattice-Ladder Structures for IIR Systems.
UNIT – 4 6 Hours
Implementation of Discrete-Time Systems – 2: State-Space System
Analysis and Structures: State-Space Descriptions of Systems Characterized
by Difference Equations, Solution of the State-Space Equations, Relationships
between Input-Output and State-Space Descriptions, State-Space Analysis in
the Z-Domain, Additional State-Space Structures.
Representation of Numbers: Fixed-Point Representation of Numbers, Binary
Floating-Point Representation of Numbers, Errors Resulting from Rounding
and Truncation.
PART – B
UNIT – 5 6 Hours
Implementation of Discrete-Time Systems – 3: Quantization of Filter
Coefficients: Analysis of Sensitivity to Quantizatior of Filter Coefficients,
Quantization of Coefficients in FIR Filters

86
Round-Off Effects in Digital Filters: Limit-Cycle Oscillations in Recursive
Systems, Scaling to Prevent Overflow, Statistical Characterization of
Quantization effects in Fixed-Point Realizations of Digital Filters.
UNIT – 6 7 Hours
Design of Digital Filters – 1: General Considerations: Causality and its
Implications, Characteristics of Practical Frequency-Selective Filters.
Design of FIR Filters: Symmetric And Antisymetric FIR Filters, Design of
Linear-Phase FIR Filters Using Windows, Design of Linear-Phase FIR Filters
by the Frequency-Sampling Method, Design of Optimum Equiripple Linear-
Phase FIR Filters, Design of FIR Differentiators, Design of Hilbert
Transformers, Comparison of Design Methods for Linear-Phase FIR filters.
UNIT – 7 6 Hours
Design of Digital Filters – 2: Design of IIR Filters from Analog Filters: IIR
Filter Design by Approximation of Derivatives, IIR Filter Design by Impulse
Invariance, IIR Filter Design by the Bilinear Transformation, The Matched-Z
Transformation, Characteristics of commonly used Analog Filters, Some
examples of Digital Filters Designs based on the Bilinear Transformation.
UNIT – 8 7 Hours
Design of Digital Filters – 3: Frequency Transformations: Frequency
Transformations in the Analog Domain, Frequency Transformations in the
Digital Domain.
Design of Digital Filters based on Least-Squares method: Padé
Approximations method, Least-Square design methods, FIR least-Squares
Inverse (Wiener) Filters, Design of IIR Filters in the Frequency domain.
Text Books:
1. John G. Proakis and Dimitris G. Manolakis: Digital Signal
Processing, 3rd
(Chapters 5, 6, 7 and 8)
Reference Books:
1. Paulo S. R. Diniz, Eduardo A. B. da Silva And Sergio L. Netto:
Digital Signal Processing: System Analysis and Design, Cambridge
University Press, 2002.
2. Sanjit K. Mitra: Digital Signal Processing: A Computer Based
Approach, Tata Mcgraw-Hill, 2001.
3. Alan V Oppenheim and Ronald W Schafer: Digital Signal
Processing, PHI, Indian Reprint, 2008.

87
JAVA AND J2EE
Subject Code:10CS753 IA Marks: 25
Hours/Week: 4 Exam Marks: 100
Total Hours: 52 Exam Hours: 3
PART - A
UNIT – 1 6 Hours
Introduction to Java: Java and Java applications; Java Development Kit
(JDK); Java is interpreted, Byte Code, JVM; Object-oriented programming;
Simple Java programs.
Data types and other tokens: Boolean variables, int, long, char, operators,
arrays, white spaces, literals, assigning values; Creating and destroying
objects; Access specifiers.
Operators and Expressions: Arithmetic Operators, Bitwise operators,
Relational operators, The Assignment Operator, The ? Operator; Operator
Precedence; Logical expression; Type casting; Strings
Control Statements: Selection statements, iteration statements, Jump
Statements.
UNIT – 2 6 Hours
Classes, Inheritance, Exceptions, Applets : Classes: Classes in Java;
Declaring a class; Class name; Super classes; Constructors; Creating
instances of class; Inner classes.
Inheritance: Simple, multiple, and multilevel inheritance; Overriding,
overloading.
Exception handling: Exception handling in Java.
The Applet Class: Two types of Applets; Applet basics; Applet Architecture;
An Applet skeleton; Simple Applet display methods; Requesting repainting;
Using the Status Window; The HTML APPLET tag; Passing parameters to
Applets; getDocumentbase() and getCodebase(); ApletContext and
showDocument(); The AudioClip Interface; The AppletStub Interface;
Output to the Console.
UNIT – 3 7 Hours
Multi Threaded Programming, Event Handling: Multi Threaded
Programming: What are threads? How to make the classes threadable;
Extending threads; Implementing runnable; Synchronization; Changing state
of the thread; Bounded buffer problems, read-write problem, producer-
consumer problems.
Event Handling: Two event handling mechanisms; The delegation event
model; Event classes; Sources of events; Event listener interfaces; Using the
delegation event model; Adapter classes; Inner classes.

88
UNIT – 4 7 Hours
Swings: Swings: The origins of Swing; Two key Swing features;
Components and Containers; The Swing Packages; A simple Swing
Application; Create a Swing Applet; Jlabel and ImageIcon; JTextField;The
Swing Buttons; JTabbedpane; JScrollPane; JList; JComboBox; JTable.
PART – B
UNIT – 5 6 Hours
Java 2 Enterprise Edition Overview, Database Access: Overview of J2EE
and J2SE
The Concept of JDBC; JDBC Driver Types; JDBC Packages; A Brief
Overview of the JDBC process; Database Connection; Associating the
JDBC/ODBC Bridge with the Database; Statement Objects; ResultSet;
Transaction Processing; Metadata, Data types; Exceptions.
UNIT – 6 7 Hours
Servlets: Background; The Life Cycle of a Servlet; Using Tomcat for Servlet
Development; A simple Servlet; The Servlet API; The Javax.servlet Package;
Reading Servlet Parameter; The Javax.servlet.http package; Handling HTTP
Requests and Responses; Using Cookies; Session Tracking.
UNIT – 7 6 Hours
JSP, RMI: Java Server Pages (JSP): JSP, JSP Tags, Tomcat, Request String,
User Sessions, Cookies, Session Objects.
Java Remote Method Invocation: Remote Method Invocation concept; Server
side, Client side.
UNIT – 8 7 Hours
Enterprise Java Beans: Enterprise java Beans; Deployment Descriptors;
Session Java Bean, Entity Java Bean; Message-Driven Bean; The JAR File.
Text Books:
1. Herbert Schildt: Java The Complete Reference, 7th
Edition, Tata
McGraw Hill, 2007.
(Chapters 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 11, 21, 22, 29, 30, 31)
2. Jim Keogh: J2EE - The Complete Reference, Tata McGraw Hill,
2007.
(Chapters 5, 6, 11, 12, 15)
Reference Books:
1. Y. Daniel Liang: Introduction to JAVA Programming, 7th
Edition,
2. Stephanie Bodoff et al: The J2EE Tutorial, 2nd
Edition, Pearson
Education, 2004.

89
MULTIMEDIA COMPUTING
PART – A
UNIT – 1 7 Hours
Introduction, Media and Data Streams, Audio Technology: Multimedia
Elements; Multimedia Applications; Multimedia Systems Architecture;
Evolving Technologies for Multimedia Systems; Defining Objects for
Multimedia Systems; Multimedia Data Interface Standards; The need for
Data Compression; Multimedia Databases.
Media: Perception Media, Representation Media, Presentation Media,
Storage Media, Transmission Media, Information Exchange Media,
Presentation Spaces & Values, and Presentation Dimensions; Key Properties
of a Multimedia System: Discrete & Continuous Media, Independence
Media, Computer Controlled Systems, Integration; Characterizing Data
Streams: Asynchronous Transmission Mode, Synchronous Transmission
Mode, Isochronous Transmission Mode; Characterizing Continuous Media
Data Streams.
Sound: Frequency, Amplitude, Sound Perception and Psychoacoustics;
Audio Representation on Computers; Three Dimensional Sound Projection;
Music and MIDI Standards; Speech Signals; Speech Output; Speech Input;
Speech Transmission.
UNIT – 2 7 Hours
Graphics and Images, Video Technology, Computer-Based Animation:
Capturing Graphics and Images Computer Assisted Graphics and Image
Processing; Reconstructing Images; Graphics and Image Output Options.
Basics; Television Systems; Digitalization of Video Signals; Digital
Television; Basic Concepts; Specification of Animations; Methods of
Controlling Animation; Display of Animation; Transmission of Animation;
Virtual Reality Modeling Language.
UNIT – 3 7 Hours
Data Compression – 1: Storage Space; Coding Requirements; Source,
Entropy, and Hybrid Coding; Basic Compression Techniques; JPEG: Image
Preparation, Lossy Sequential DCT-based Mode, Expanded Lossy DCT-
based Mode, Lossless Mode, Hierarchical Mode

90
UNIT – 4 6 Hours
Data Compression – 2: H.261 (Px64) and H.263: Image Preparation, Coding
Algorithms, Data Stream, H.263+ and H.263L; MPEG: Video Encoding,
Audio Coding, Data Stream, MPEG-2, MPEG-4, MPEG-7; Fractal
Compression.
PART - B
UNIT – 5 6 Hours
Optical Storage Media: History of Optical Storage; Basic Technology;
Video Discs and Other WORMs; Compact Disc Digital Audio; Compact Disc
Read Only Memory; CD-ROM Extended Architecture; Further CD-ROM-
Based Developments; Compact Disc Recordable; Compact Disc Magneto-
Optical; Compact Disc Read/Write; Digital Versatile Disc.
UNIT – 6 6 Hours
Content Analysis : Simple Vs. Complex Features; Analysis of Individual
Images; Analysis of Image Sequences; Audio Analysis; Applications.
UNIT – 7 6 Hours
Data and File Format Standards: Rich-Text Format; TIFF File Format;
Resource Interchange File Format (RIFF); MIDI File Format; JPEG DIB File
Format for Still and Motion Images; AVI Indeo File Format; MPEG
Standards; TWAIN
UNIT – 8 7 Hours
Multimedia Application Design : Multimedia Application Classes; Types of
Multimedia Systems; Virtual Reality Design; Components of Multimedia
Systems; Organizing Multimedia Databases; Application Workflow Design
Issues; Distributed Application Design Issues.
Text Books:
1. Ralf Steinmetz, Klara Narstedt: Multimedia Fundamentals: Vol 1-
Media Coding and Content Processing, 2nd
Edition, PHI, Indian
Reprint 2008.
(Chapters 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
2. Prabhat K. Andleigh, Kiran Thakrar: Multimedia Systems Design,
PHI, 2003.
(Chapters 1, 3, 7)
Reference Books:
1. K.R Rao, Zoran S. Bojkovic and Dragorad A. Milovanovic:
Multimedia Communication Systems: Techniques, Standards, and
Networks, Pearson Education, 2002.
2. Nalin K Sharad: Multimedia Information Networking, PHI, 2002.

91
DATA WAREHOUSING AND DATA MINING
PART – A
UNIT – 1 6 Hours
Data Warehousing:
Introduction, Operational Data Stores (ODS), Extraction Transformation
Loading (ETL), Data Warehouses. Design Issues, Guidelines for Data
Warehouse Implementation, Data Warehouse Metadata
UNIT – 2
6 Hours
Online Analytical Processing (OLAP): Introduction, Characteristics of
OLAP systems, Multidimensional view and Data cube, Data Cube
Implementations, Data Cube operations, Implementation of OLAP and
overview on OLAP Softwares.
UNIT – 3 6 Hours
Data Mining: Introduction, Challenges, Data Mining Tasks, Types of Data,
Data Preprocessing, Measures of Similarity and Dissimilarity, Data Mining
Applications
UNIT – 4 8 Hours
Association Analysis: Basic Concepts and Algorithms: Frequent Itemset
Generation, Rule Generation, Compact Representation of Frequent Itemsets,
Alternative methods for generating Frequent Itemsets, FP Growth Algorithm,
Evaluation of Association Patterns
PART - B
UNIT – 5 6 Hours
Classification -1 : Basics, General approach to solve classification problem,
Decision Trees, Rule Based Classifiers, Nearest Neighbor Classifiers.
UNIT – 6 6 Hours
Classification - 2: Bayesian Classifiers, Estimating Predictive accuracy of
classification methods, Improving accuracy of clarification methods,
Evaluation criteria for classification methods, Multiclass Problem.

92
UNIT – 7 8 Hours
Clustering Techniques: Overview, Features of cluster analysis, Types of
Data and Computing Distance, Types of Cluster Analysis Methods,
Partitional Methods, Hierarchical Methods, Density Based Methods, Quality
and Validity of Cluster Analysis
UNIT – 8 6 Hours
Web Mining: Introduction, Web content mining, Text Mining, Unstructured
Text, Text clustering, Mining Spatial and Temporal Databases.
Text Books:
1. Pang-Ning Tan, Michael Steinbach, Vipin Kumar: Introduction to
Data Mining, Pearson Education, 2005.
2. G. K. Gupta: Introduction to Data Mining with Case Studies, 3rd
Edition, PHI, New Delhi, 2009.
Reference Books:
1. Arun K Pujari: Data Mining Techniques 2nd
Edition, Universities
Press, 2009.
2. Jiawei Han and Micheline Kamber: Data Mining - Concepts and
Techniques, 2nd
Edition, Morgan Kaufmann Publisher, 2006.
3. Alex Berson and Stephen J. Smith: Data Warehousing, Data Mining,
and OLAP Computing, Mc GrawHill Publisher, 1997.
NEURAL NETWORKS
PART – A
UNIT – 1 7 Hours
Introduction
What is a Neural Network?, Human Brain, Models of Neuron, Neural
Networks viewed as directed graphs, Feedback, Network Architectures,
Knowledge representation, Artificial Intelligence and Neural Networks.
UNIT – 2 6 Hours
Learning Processes – 1
Introduction, Error-correction learning, Memory-based learning, Hebbian
learning, Competitive learning,Boltzamann learning, Credit Assignment
problem, Learning with a Teacher, Learning without a Teacher, Learning
tasks, Memory, Adaptation.
UNIT – 3 7 Hours

93
Learning Processes – 2, Single Layer Perceptrons: Statistical nature of the
learning process, Statistical learning theory, Approximately correct model of
learning.
Single Layer Perceptrons: Introduction, Adaptive filtering problem,
Unconstrained optimization techniques, Linear least-squares filters, Least-
mean square algorithm, Learning curves, Learning rate annealing techniques,
Perceptron, Perceptron convergence theorem, Relation between the
Perceptron and Bayes classifier for a Gaussian environment.
UNIT – 4 6 Hours
Multilayer Perceptrons – 1:Introduction, Some preliminaries, Back-
propagation Algorithm, Summary of back-propagation algorithm, XOR
problem, Heuristics for making the back-propagation algorithm perform
better, Output representation and decision rule, Computer experiment, Feature
detection, Back-propagation and differentiation.
PART - B
UNIT – 5 7 Hours
Multilayer Perceptrons – 2: Hessian matrix, Generalization, approximation
of functions, Cross validation, Network pruning techniques, virtues and
limitations of back- propagation learning, Accelerated convergence of back
propagation learning, Supervised learning viewed as an optimization problem,
Convolution networks.
UNIT – 6 6 Hours
Radial-Basic Function Networks – 1: Introduction, Cover‟s theorem on the
separability of patterns, Interpolation problem, Supervised learning as an ill-
posed Hypersurface reconstruction problem, Regularization theory,
Regularization networks, Generalized radial-basis function networks, XOR
problem, Estimation of the regularization parameter.
UNIT – 7 6 Hours
Radial-Basic Function Networks – 2, Optimization – 1: Approximation
properties of RBF networks, Comparison of RBF networks and multilayer
Perceptrons, Kernel regression and it‟s relation to RBF networks, Learning
strategies, Computer experiment.
Optimization using Hopfield networks: Traveling salesperson problem,
Solving simultaneous linear equations, Allocating documents to
multiprocessors.

94
UNIT – 8 7 Hours
Optimization Methods – 2:
Iterated gradient descent, Simulated Annealing, Random Search, Evolutionary
computation- Evolutionary algorithms, Initialization, Termination criterion,
Reproduction, Operators, Replacement, Schema theorem
Text Books:
1. Simon Haykin: Neural Networks - A Comprehensive Foundation,
2nd Edition, Pearson Education, 1999.
(Chapters 1.1-1.8, 2.1-2.15, 3.1-3.10, 4.1-4.19, 5.1-5.14)
2. Kishan Mehrotra, Chilkuri K. Mohan, Sanjay Ranka: Artificial
Neural Networks, Penram International Publishing, 1997.
(Chapters 7.1-7.5)
Reference Books:
1. B.Yegnanarayana: Artificial Neural Networks, PHI, 2001.
C# PROGRAMMING AND .NET
PART – A
UNIT – 1 6 Hours
The philosophy of .NET: Understanding the Previous State of Affairs, The
.NET Solution, The Building Block of the .NET Platform (CLR,CTS, and
CLS), The Role of the .NET Base Class Libraries, What C# Brings to the
Table, An Overview of .NET Binaries ( aka Assemblies ), the Role of the
Common Intermediate Language , The Role of .NET Type Metadata, The
Role of the Assembly Manifast, Compiling CIL to Platform –Specific
Instructions, Understanding the Common Type System, Intrinsic CTS Data
Types, Understanding the Common Languages Specification, Understanding
the Common Language Runtime A tour of the .NET Namespaces, Increasing
Your Namespace Nomenclature, Deploying the .NET Runtime
UNIT – 2 6 Hours
Building C# Applications: The Role of the Command Line Complier
(csc.exe), Building C # Application using csc.exe Working with csc.exe
Response Files, Generating Bug Reports , Remaining C# Compiler Options,
The Command Line Debugger (cordbg.exe) Using the, Visual Studio .NET

95
IDE, Other Key Aspects of the VS.NET IDE, C# “Preprocessor:” Directives,
An Interesting Aside: The System. Environment Class
UNIT – 3 8 Hours
C# Language Fundamentals: The Anatomy of a Basic C# Class, Creating
objects: Constructor Basics, The Composition of a C# Application, Default
Assignment and Variable Scope, The C# Member Initialization Syntax, Basic
Input and Output with the Console Class, Understanding Value Types and
Reference Types, The Master Node: System, Object, The System Data Types
(and C# Aliases), Converting Between Value Types and Reference Types:
Boxing and Unboxing, Defining Program Constants, C# Iteration Constructs,
C# Controls Flow Constructs, The Complete Set of C# Operators, Defining
Custom Class Methods, Understating Static Methods, Methods Parameter
Modifies, Array Manipulation in C #, String Manipulation in C#, C#
Enumerations, Defining Structures in C#, Defining Custom Namespaces
UNIT – 4 6 Hours
Object- Oriented Programming with C#: Forms Defining of the C# Class,
Definition the “Default Public Interface” of a Type, Recapping the Pillars of
OOP, The First Pillars: C#‟s Encapsulation Services, Pseudo- Encapsulation:
Creating Read-Only Fields, The Second Pillar: C#‟s Inheritance Supports,
keeping Family Secrets: The “Protected” Keyword, Nested Type Definitions,
The Third Pillar: C #‟s Polymorphic Support, Casting Between.
PART – B
UNIT – 5 6 Hours
Exceptions and Object Lifetime: Ode to Errors, Bugs, and Exceptions, The
Role of .NET Exception Handing, the System. Exception Base Class,
Throwing a Generic Exception, Catching Exception, CLR System – Level
Exception(System. System Exception), Custom Application-Level
Exception(System. System Exception), Handling Multiple Exception, The
Family Block, the Last Chance Exception Dynamically Identifying
Application – and System Level Exception Debugging System Exception
Using VS. NET, Understanding Object Lifetime, the CIT of “new‟, The
Basics of Garbage Collection,, Finalization a Type, The Finalization Process,
Building an Ad Hoc Destruction Method, Garbage Collection Optimizations,
The System. GC Type.

96
UNIT – 6 6 Hours
Interfaces and Collections: Defining Interfaces Using C# Invoking Interface
Members at the object Level, Exercising the Shapes Hierarchy,
Understanding Explicit Interface Implementation, Interfaces As Polymorphic
Agents, Building Interface Hierarchies, Implementing, Implementation,
Interfaces Using VS .NET, understanding the IConvertible Interface, Building
a Custom Enumerator (IEnumerable and Enumerator), Building Cloneable
objects (ICloneable), Building Comparable Objects ( I Comparable ),
Exploring the system. Collections Namespace, Building a Custom Container
(Retrofitting the Cars Type)
UNIT – 7 8 Hours
Callback Interfaces, Delegates, and Events, Advanced Techniques:
Understanding Callback Interfaces, Understanding the .NET Delegate Type,
Members of System. Multicast Delegate, The Simplest Possible Delegate
Example, Building More a Elaborate Delegate Example, Understanding
Asynchronous Delegates, Understanding (and Using)Events.
The Advances Keywords of C#, A Catalog of C# Keywords Building a
Custom Indexer, A Variation of the Cars Indexer Internal Representation of
Type Indexer . Using C# Indexer from VB .NET. Overloading operators, The
Internal Representation of Overloading Operators, interacting with Overload
Operator from Overloaded- Operator- Challenged Languages, Creating
Custom Conversion Routines, Defining Implicit Conversion Routines, The
Internal Representations of Customs Conversion Routines
UNIT – 8 6 Hours
Understanding .NET Assembles: Problems with Classic COM Binaries, An
Overview of .NET Assembly, Building a Simple File Test Assembly, A C#.
Client Application, A Visual Basic .NET Client Application, Cross Language
Inheritance, Exploring the CarLibrary‟s, Manifest, Exploring the CarLibrary‟s
Types, Building the Multifile Assembly, Using Assembly, Understanding
Private Assemblies, Probing for Private Assemblies (The Basics), Private A
Assemblies XML Configurations Files, Probing for Private Assemblies ( The
Details), Understanding Shared Assembly, Understanding Shared Names,
Building a Shared Assembly, Understanding Delay Signing,
Installing/Removing Shared Assembly, Using a Shared Assembly
Text Books:
1. Andrew Troelsen: Pro C# with .NET 3.0, 4th
Edition, Wiley India,
2009.
Chapters: 1 to 11 (up to pp.369)
2. E. Balagurusamy: Programming in C#, 2nd
Edition, Tata McGraw
Hill, 2008.

97
(Programming Examples 3.7, 3.10, 5.5, 6.1, 7.2, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 8.1,
8.2, 8.3, 8.5, 8.7, 8.8, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 10.2, 10.4, 11.2, 11.4, 12.1,
12.4, 12.5, 12.6, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3, 13.6, 14.1, 14.2, 14.4, 15.2, 15.3,
16.1, 16.2, 16.3, 18.3, 18.5.18.6)
Reference Books:
1. Tom Archer: Inside C#, WP Publishers, 2001.
2. Herbert Schildt: C# The Complete Reference, Tata McGraw Hill,
2004.
DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
PART – A
UNIT – 1 6 Hours
Digitized Image and its properties: Basic concepts, Image digitization,
Digital image properties
UNIT – 2 7 Hours
Image Preprocessing: Image pre-processing: Brightness and geometric
transformations, local preprocessing.
UNIT – 3 7 Hours
Segmentation – 1: Thresholding, Edge-based segmentation.
UNIT – 4 7 Hours
Segmentation – 2: Region based segmentation, Matching.
PART – B
UNIT – 5 7 Hours
Image Enhancement: Image enhancement in the spatial domain:
Background, Some basic gray level transformations, Histogram processing,
Enhancement using arithmetic/ logic operations, Basics of spatial filtering,
Smoothing spatial filters, Sharpening spatial filters. Image enhancement in the
frequency domain: Background, Introduction to the Fourier transform and the
frequency domain, Smoothing Frequency-Domain filters, Sharpening
Frequency Domain filters, Homomorphic filtering.
UNIT – 6 6 Hours
Image Compression: Image compression: Fundamentals, Image compression
models, Elements of information theory, Error-Free Compression, Lossy
compression.

98
UNIT – 7 7 Hours
Shape representation: Region identification, Contour-based shape
representation and description, Region based shape representation and
description, Shape classes.
UNIT – 8 6 Hours
Morphology: Basic morphological concepts, Morphology principles, Binary
dilation and erosion, Gray-scale dilation and erosion, Morphological
segmentation and watersheds
Text Books:
1. Milan Sonka, Vaclav Hlavac and Roger Boyle: Image Processing,
Analysis and Machine Vision, 2nd Edition, Thomoson Learning,
2001.
(Chapters 2, 4.1 to 4.3, 5.1 to 5.4, 6, 11.1 to 11.4, 11.7)
2. Rafel C Gonzalez and Richard E Woods: Digital Image Processing,
3rd
(Chapters 3.1 to 3.7, 4.1 to 4.5, 8.1 to 8.5)
Reference Books:
1. Anil K Jain, “Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing”, PHI, 1997,
Indian Reprint 2009.
2. B.Chanda, D Dutta Majumder, “Digital Image Processing and
Analysis”, PHI, 2002.
GAME THEORY
PART - A
UNIT – 1 8 Hours
Introduction, Strategic Games: What is game theory? The theory of rational
choice; Interacting decision makers.
Strategic games; Examples: The prisoner‟s dilemma, Bach or Stravinsky,
Matching pennies; Nash equilibrium; Examples of Nash equilibrium; Best-
response functions; Dominated actions; Equilibrium in a single population:
symmetric games and symmetric equilibria.

99
UNIT – 2 6 Hours
Mixed Strategy Equilibrium: Introduction; Strategic games in which players
may randomize; Mixed strategy Nash equilibrium; Dominated actions; Pure
equilibria when randomization is allowed, Illustration: Expert Diagnosis;
Equilibrium in a single population, Illustration: Reporting a crime; The
formation of players‟ beliefs; Extensions; Representing preferences by
expected payoffs.
UNIT – 3 6 Hours
Extensive Games: Extensive games with perfect information; Strategies and
outcomes; Nash equilibrium; Subgame perfect equilibrium; Finding subgame
perfect equilibria of finite horizon games: Backward induction. Illustrations:
The ultimatum game, Stackelberg‟s model of duopoly, Buying votes.
UNIT – 4 6 Hours
Extensive games: Extensions and Discussions: Extensions: Allowing for
simultaneous moves, Illustrations: Entry in to a monopolized industry,
Electoral competition with strategic voters, Committee decision making, Exit
from a declining industry; Allowing for exogenous uncertainty, Discussion:
subgame perfect equilibrium and backward induction.
PART – B
UNIT – 5 7 Hours
Bayesian Games, Extensive Games with Imperfect Information:
Motivational examples; General definitions; Two examples concerning
information; Illustrations: Cournot‟s duopoly game with imperfect
information, Providing a public good, Auctions; Auctions with an arbitrary
distribution of valuations.
Extensive games with imperfect information; Strategies; Nash equilibrium;
Beliefs and sequential equilibrium; Signaling games; Illustration: Strategic
information transmission.
UNIT – 6 7 Hours
Strictly Competitive Games, Evolutionary Equilibrium: Strictly
competitive games and maximization; Maximization and Nash equilibrium;
Strictly competitive games; Maximization and Nash equilibrium in strictly
competitive games.
Evolutionary Equilibrium: Monomorphic pure strategy equilibrium; Mixed
strategies and polymorphic equilibrium; Asymmetric contests; Variations on
themes: Sibling behavior, Nesting behavior of wasps, The evolution of sex
ratio.
UNIT – 7 6 Hours

100
Iterated Games: Repeated games: The main idea; Preferences; Repeated
games; Finitely and infinitely repeated Prisoner‟s dilemma; Strategies in an
infinitely repeated Prisoner‟s dilemma; Some Nash equilibria of an infinitely
repeated Prisoner‟s dilemma, Nash equilibrium payoffs of an infinitely
repeated Prisoner‟s dilemma.
UNIT – 8 6 Hours
Coalitional Games and Bargaining: Coalitional games. The Core.
Illustrations: Ownership and distribution of wealth, Exchanging homogeneous
items, Exchanging heterogeneous items, Voting, Matching. Bargaining as an
extensive game; Illustration of trade in a market; Nash's axiomatic model of
bargaining
Text Books:
1. Martin Osborne: An Introduction to Game Theory, Oxford
University Press, Indian Edition, 2004.
(Listed topics only from Chapters 1 to 11, 13, 14, 16)
Reference Books:
1. Roger B. Myerson: Game Theory: Analysis of Conflict, Harvard
University Press, 1997.
2. Andreu Mas-Colell, Michael D. Whinston, and Jerry R. Green:
Microeconomic Theory. Oxford University Press, New York, 1995.
3. Philip D. Straffin, Jr.: Game Theory and Strategy, The Mathematical
Association of America, January 1993.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
PART – A
UNIT – 1 7 Hours
Introduction: What is AI? Intelligent Agents: Agents and environment;
Rationality; the nature of environment; the structure of agents. Problem-
solving: Problem-solving agents; Example problems; Searching for solution;
Uninformed search strategies.
UNIT – 2 7 Hours
Informed Search, Exploration, Constraint Satisfaction, Adversial Search:
Informed search strategies; Heuristic functions; On-line search agents and
unknown environment. Constraint satisfaction problems; Backtracking search

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for CSPs. Adversial search: Games; Optimal decisions in games; Alpha-Beta
pruning.
UNIT – 3 6 Hours
Logical Agents: Knowledge-based agents; The wumpus world as an example
world; Logic; propositional logic Reasoning patterns in propositional logic;
Effective propositional inference; Agents based on propositional logic.
UNIT – 4 6 Hours
First-Order Logic, Inference in First-Order Logic – 1: Representation
revisited; Syntax and semantics of first-order logic; Using first-order logic;
Knowledge engineering in first-order logic. Propositional versus first-order
inference; Unification and lifting
PART – B
UNIT – 5 6 Hours
Inference in First-Order Logic – 2: Forward chaining; Backward chaining;
Resolution.
UNIT – 6 7 Hours
Knowledge Representation: Ontological engineering; Categories and
objects; Actions, situations, and events; Mental events and mental objects;
The Internet shopping world; Reasoning systems for categories; Reasoning
with default information; Truth maintenance systems.
UNIT – 7 7 Hours
Planning, Uncertainty, Probabilistic Reasoning: Planning: The problem;
Planning with state-space approach; Planning graphs; Planning with
propositional logic.
Uncertainty: Acting under certainty; Inference using full joint distributions;
Independence; Bayes‟ rule and its use.
Probabilistic Reasoning: Representing knowledge in an uncertain domain;
The semantics of Bayesian networks; Efficient representation of conditional
distributions; Exact inference in Bayesian networks.
UNIT – 8 6 Hours
Learning, AI: Present and Future: Learning: Forms of Learning; Inductive
learning; Learning decision trees; Ensemble learning; Computational learning
theory.
AI: Present and Future: Agent components; Agent architectures; Are we
going in the right direction? What if AI does succeed?
Text Books:

102
1. Stuart Russel, Peter Norvig: Artificial Intelligence A Modern
Approach, 2nd
( Chapters 1.1, 2, 3.1 to 3.4, 4.1, 4.2, 4.5, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 7, 8, 9,
10, 11.1, 11.2, 11.4, 11.5, 13.1, 13.4, 13.5, 13.6, 14.1, 14.2, 14.3,
14.4, 18, 27)
Reference Books:
1. Elaine Rich, Kevin Knight: Artificial Intelligence, 3rd
Edition, Tata
McGraw Hill, 2009.
2. Nils J. Nilsson: Principles of Artificial Intelligence, Elsevier, 1980.
STORAGE AREA NETWORKS
PART –A
UNIT - 1 7 Hours
Introduction to Information Storage and Management, Storage System
Environment: Information Storage, Evolution of Storage Technology and
Architecture, Data Center Infrastructure, Key Challenges in Managing
Information, Information Lifecycle
Components of Storage System Environment, Disk Drive Components, Disk
Drive Performance, Fundamental Laws Governing Disk Performance, Logical
Components of the Host, Application Requirements and Disk Performance.
UNIT - 2 6 Hours
Data Protection, Intelligent Storage system: Implementation of RAID,
RAID Array Components, RAID Levels, RAID Comparison, RAID Impact
on Disk Performance, Hot Spares
Components of an Intelligent Storage System, Intelligent Storage Array
UNIT - 3 7 Hours
Direct-Attached Storage, SCSI, and Storage Area Networks: Types of
DAS, DAS Benefits and Limitations, Disk Drive Interfaces, Introduction to
Parallel SCSI, Overview of Fibre Channel, The SAN and Its Evolution,
Components of SAN, FC Connectivity, Fibre Channel Ports, Fibre Channel
Architecture, Zoning, Fibre Channel Login Types, FC Topologies.
UNIT - 4 6 Hours
NAS, IP SAN: General – Purpose Service vs. NAS Devices, Benefits of
NAS, NAS File I / O, Components of NAS, NAS Implementations, NAS

103
File-Sharing Protocols, NAS I/O Operations, Factors Affecting NAS
Performance and Availability. iSCSI, FCIP.
PART - B
UNIT - 5 6 Hours
Content-Addressed Storage, Storage Virtualization: Fixed Content and
Archives, Types of Archive, Features and Benefits of CAS, CAS
Architecture, Object Storage and Retrieval in CAS, CAS Examples
Forms of Virtualization, SNIA Storage Virtualization Taxonomy, Storage
Virtualizations Configurations, Storage Virtualization Challenges, Types of
Storage Virtualization
UNIT - 6 6 Hours
Business Continuity, Backup and Recovery: Information Availability, BC
Terminology, BC Planning Lifecycle, Failure Analysis, Business Impact
Analysis, BC Technology Solutions.
Backup Purpose, Backup Considerations, Backup Granularity, Recovery
Considerations, Backup Methods, Backup Process, Backup and restore
Operations, Backup Topologies, Backup in NAS Environments, Backup
Technologies.
UNIT - 7 7 Hours
Local Replication, Remote Replication: Source and Target, Uses of Local
Replicas, Data Consistency, Local Replication Technologies, Restore and
Restart Considerations, Creating Multiple Replicas, Management Interface,
Modes of Remote Replication, Remote Replication Technologies, Network
Infrastructure.
UNIT - 8 7 Hours
Securing the Storage Infrastructure, Managing the Storage
Infrastructure: Storage Security Framework, Risk Triad, Storage Security
Domains, Security Implementations in Storage Networking
Monitoring the Storage Infrastructure, Storage Management Activities,
Storage Infrastructure Management Challenges, Developing an Ideal
Solution.
Text Books:
1. G. Somasundaram, Alok Shrivastava (Editors): Information Storage
and Management, EMC Education Services, Wiley India, 2009.
Reference Books:
1. Ulf Troppens, Rainer Erkens and Wolfgang Muller: Storage
Networks Explained, Wiley India, 2003.
2. Rebert Spalding: Storage Networks, The Complete Reference, Tata
McGraw Hill, 2003.

104
3. Richard Barker and Paul Massiglia: Storage Area Networks
Essentials A Complete Guide to Understanding and Implementing
SANs, Wiley India, 2002.
FUZZY LOGIC
PART – A
UNIT – 1 7 Hours
Introduction, Classical Sets and Fuzzy Sets: Background, Uncertainty and
Imprecision, Statistics and Random Processes, Uncertainty in Information,
Fuzzy Sets and Membership, Chance versus Ambiguity.
Classical Sets - Operations on Classical Sets, Properties of Classical (Crisp)
Sets, Mapping of Classical Sets to Functions
Fuzzy Sets - Fuzzy Set operations, Properties of Fuzzy Sets. Sets as Points in
Hypercubes
UNIT – 2 6 Hours
Classical Relations and Fuzzy Relations: Cartesian Product, Crisp Relations
- Cardinality of Crisp Relations, Operations on Crisp Relations, Properties of
Crisp Relations, Composition. Fuzzy Relations - Cardinality of Fuzzy
Relations, Operations on Fuzzy Relations, Properties of Fuzzy Relations,
Fuzzy Cartesian Product and Composition, Non-interactive Fuzzy Sets.
Tolerance and Equivalence Relations - Crisp Equivalence Relation, Crisp
Tolerance Relation, Fuzzy Tolerance and Equivalence Relations. Value
Assignments - Cosine Amplitude, Max-min Method, Other Similarity
methods
UNIT – 3 6 Hours
Membership Functions: Features of the Membership Function, Standard
Forms and Boundaries, Fuzzification, Membership Value Assignments –
Intuition, Inference, Rank Ordering, Angular Fuzzy Sets, Neural Networks,
Genetic Algorithms, Inductive Reasoning.
UNIT – 4 7 Hours
Fuzzy-to-Crisp Conversions, Fuzzy Arithmetic: Lambda-Cuts for Fuzzy
Sets, Lambda-Cuts for Fuzzy Relations, Defuzzification Methods

105
Extension Principle - Crisp Functions, Mapping and Relations, Functions of
fuzzy Sets – Extension Principle, Fuzzy Transform (Mapping), Practical
Considerations, Fuzzy Numbers
Interval Analysis in Arithmetic, Approximate Methods of Extension - Vertex
method, DSW Algorithm, Restricted DSW Algorithm, Comparisons, Fuzzy
Vectors
PART - B
UNIT – 5 6 Hours
Classical Logic and Fuzzy Logic: Classical Predicate Logic – Tautologies,
Contradictions, Equivalence, Exclusive OR and Exclusive NOR, Logical
Proofs, Deductive Inferences. Fuzzy Logic, Approximate Reasoning, Fuzzy
Tautologies, Contradictions, Equivalence and Logical Proofs, Other forms of
the Implication Operation, Other forms of the Composition Operation
UNIT – 6 6 Hours
Fuzzy Rule- Based Systems: Natural Language, Linguistic Hedges, Rule-
Based Systems - Canonical Rule Forms, Decomposition of Compound Rules,
Likelihood and Truth Qualification, Aggregation of Fuzzy Rules, Graphical
Techniques of Inference
UNIT – 7 7 Hours
Fuzzy Decision Making : Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation, Fuzzy Ordering,
Preference and consensus, Multiobjective Decision Making, Fuzzy Bayesian
Decision Method, Decision Making under Fuzzy States and Fuzzy Actions.
UNIT – 8 7 Hours
Fuzzy Classification: Classification by Equivalence Relations - Crisp
Relations, Fuzzy Relations. Cluster Analysis, Cluster Validity, c-Means
Clustering - Hard c-Means (HCM), Fuzzy c-Means (FCM). Classification
Metric, Hardening the Fuzzy c-Partition, Similarity Relations from Clustering
Text Books:
1. Timothy J. Ross: Fuzzy Logic with Engineering Applications, 2nd
Edition, Wiley India, 2006..
(Chapter 1 (pp 1-14), Chapter 2 (pp 17-34), Chapter 3 ( pp 46-70),
Chapter 4 (pp 87-122), Chapter 5 (pp 130-146), Chapter 6 (pp 151-
178), Chapter 7 ( pp 183-210), Chapter 8 (pp 232-254), Chapter 9 (pp
313-352), Chapter 10 ( pp 371 – 400))
Reference Books:
1. B Kosko: Neural Networks and Fuzzy systems: A Dynamical
System approach, PHI, 1991.

106
Networks Laboratory
Note: Student is required to solve one problem from PART-A and one
problem from PART-B. The questions are allotted based on lots. Both
questions carry equal marks.
PART A – Simulation Exercises
The following experiments shall be conducted using either
NS228/OPNET or any other suitable simulator.
1. Simulate a three nodes point – to – point network with duplex links
between them. Set the queue size and vary the bandwidth and find the
number of packets dropped.
2. Simulate a four node point-to-point network with the links connected as
follows:
n0 – n2, n1 – n2 and n2 – n3. Apply TCP agent between n0-n3 and UDP
between n1-n3. Apply relevant applications over TCP and UDP agents
changing the parameter and determine the number of packets sent by
TCP / UDP.
3. Simulate the transmission of ping messages over a network topology
consisting of 6 nodes and find the number of packets dropped due to
congestion.
4. Simulate an Ethernet LAN using n nodes (6-10), change error rate and
data rate and compare throughput.
5. Simulate an Ethernet LAN using n nodes and set multiple traffic nodes
and plot congestion window for different source / destination.
6. Simulate simple ESS and with transmitting nodes in wire-less LAN by
simulation and determine the performance with respect to transmission of
packets.
PART-B
Implement the following in C/C++:
7. Write a program for error detecting code using CRC-CCITT (16- bits).
8. Write a program for distance vector algorithm to find suitable path for
transmission.
9. Using TCP/IP sockets, write a client – server program to make the client
send the file name and to make the server send back the contents of the
requested file if present.

107
10. Implement the above program using as message queues or FIFOs as IPC
channels.
11. Write a program for simple RSA algorithm to encrypt and decrypt the
data.
12. Write a program for congestion control using leaky bucket algorithm.
Note:
In the examination, a combination of one problem has to be asked from
Part A for a total of 25 marks and one problem from Part B has to be
asked for a total of 25 marks. The choice must be based on random
selection from the entire lots.
Web Programming Laboratory
1. Develop and demonstrate a XHTML file that includes Javascript script
for the following problems:
a) Input: A number n obtained using prompt
Output: The first n Fibonacci numbers
b) Input: A number n obtained using prompt
Output: A table of numbers from 1 to n and their squares using alert
2. a) Develop and demonstrate, using Javascript script, a XHTML document
that collects the USN ( the valid format is: A digit from 1 to 4 followed
by two upper-case characters followed by two digits followed by two
upper-case characters followed by three digits; no embedded spaces
allowed) of the user. Event handler must be included for the form
element that collects this information to validate the input. Messages in
the alert windows must be produced when errors are detected.
b) Modify the above program to get the current semester also (restricted
to be a number from 1 to 8)
3. a) Develop and demonstrate, using Javascript script, a XHTML document
that contains three short paragraphs of text, stacked on top of each other,
with only enough of each showing so that the mouse cursor can be placed
over some part of them. When the cursor is placed over the exposed part
of any paragraph, it should rise to the top to become completely visible.
b) Modify the above document so that when a paragraph is moved from
the top stacking position, it returns to its original position rather than to
the bottom.
4. a) Design an XML document to store information about a student in an
engineering college affiliated to VTU. The information must include

108
USN, Name, Name of the College, Brach, Year of Joining, and e-mail id.
Make up sample data for 3 students. Create a CSS style sheet and use it
to display the document.
b) Create an XSLT style sheet for one student element of the above
document and use it to create a display of that element.
5. a) Write a Perl program to display various Server Information like Server
Name, Server Software, Server protocol, CGI Revision etc.
b) Write a Perl program to accept UNIX command from a HTML form
and to display the output of the command executed.
6. a) Write a Perl program to accept the User Name and display a greeting
message randomly chosen from a list of 4 greeting messages.
b) Write a Perl program to keep track of the number of visitors visiting
the web page and to display this count of visitors, with proper headings.
7. Write a Perl program to display a digital clock which displays the current
time of the server.
8. Write a Perl program to insert name and age information entered by the
user into a table created using MySQL and to display the current contents
of this table.
9. Write a PHP program to store current date-time in a COOKIE and
display the „Last visited on‟ date-time on the web page upon reopening of
the same page.
10. Write a PHP program to store page views count in SESSION, to
increment the count on each refresh, and to show the count on web page.
11. Create a XHTML form with Name, Address Line 1, Address Line 2, and
E-mail text fields. On submitting, store the values in MySQL table.
Retrieve and display the data based on Name.
12. Build a Rails application to accept book information viz. Accession
number, title, authors, edition and publisher from a web page and store
the information in a database and to search for a book with the title
specified by the user and to display the search results with proper
headings.
Note: In the examination each student picks one question from the
lot of all 12 questions.

109
VIII SEMESTER
SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURES
Subject Code: 10IS81 I.A. Marks : 25
PART – A
UNIT – 1 6 Hours
Introduction: The Architecture Business Cycle: Where do architectures
come from? Software processes and the architecture business cycle; What
makes a “good” architecture? What software architecture is and what it is
not; Other points of view; Architectural patterns, reference models and
reference architectures; Importance of software architecture; Architectural
structures and views.
UNIT – 2 7 Hours
Architectural Styles and Case Studies: Architectural styles; Pipes and
filters; Data abstraction and object-oriented organization; Event-based,
implicit invocation; Layered systems; Repositories; Interpreters; Process
control; Other familiar architectures; Heterogeneous architectures. Case
Studies: Keyword in Context; Instrumentation software; Mobile robotics;
Cruise control; Three vignettes in mixed style.
UNIT – 3 6 Hours
Quality: Functionality and architecture; Architecture and quality attributes;
System quality attributes; Quality attribute scenarios in practice; Other
system quality attributes; Business qualities; Architecture qualities.
Achieving Quality: Introducing tactics; Availability tactics; Modifiability
tactics; Performance tactics; Security tactics; Testability tactics; Usability
tactics; Relationship of tactics to architectural patterns; Architectural patterns
and styles.
UNIT – 4 7 Hours
Architectural Patterns – 1: Introduction; From mud to structure: Layers,
Pipes and Filters, Blackboard.

110
PART – B
UNIT – 5 7 Hours
Architectural Patterns – 2: Distributed Systems: Broker; Interactive
Systems: MVC, Presentation-Abstraction-Control.
UNIT – 6 6 Hours
Architectural Patterns – 3: Adaptable Systems: Microkernel; Reflection.
UNIT – 7 6 Hours
Some Design Patterns: Structural decomposition: Whole – Part;
Organization of work: Master – Slave; Access Control: Proxy.
UNIT – 8 7 Hours
Designing and Documenting Software Architecture: Architecture in the
life cycle; Designing the architecture; Forming the team structure; Creating a
skeletal system. Uses of architectural documentation; Views; Choosing the
relevant views; Documenting a view; Documentation across views.
Text Books:
1. Len Bass, Paul Clements, Rick Kazman: Software Architecture in
Practice, 2nd
(Chapters 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9)
2. Frank Buschmann, Regine Meunier, Hans Rohnert, Peter
Sommerlad, Michael Stal: Pattern-Oriented Software Architecture,
A System of Patterns, Volume 1, John Wiley and Sons, 2007.
(Chapters 2, 3.1 to 3.4)
3. Mary Shaw and David Garlan: Software Architecture- Perspectives
on an Emerging Discipline, PHI, 2007.
(Chapters 1.1, 2, 3)
Reference Books:
1. E. Gamma, R. Helm, R. Johnson, J. Vlissides: Design Patterns-
Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software, Pearson Education,
1995.
Web Reference: http://www.hillside.net/patterns/

111
SYSTEM MODELING AND SIMULATION
Sub Code: 10CS82 IA Marks : 25
Hrs/Week: 04 Exam Hours : 03
Total Hrs: 52 Exam Marks : 100
PART – A
UNIT – 1 8 Hours
Introduction: When simulation is the appropriate tool and when it is not
appropriate; Advantages and disadvantages of Simulation; Areas of
application; Systems and system environment; Components of a system;
Discrete and continuous systems; Model of a system; Types of Models;
Discrete-Event System Simulation; Steps in a Simulation Study. The basics
of Spreadsheet simulation, Simulation example: Simulation of queuing
systems in a spreadsheet.
UNIT – 2 6 Hours
General Principles, Simulation Software: Concepts in Discrete-Event
Simulation: The Event-Scheduling / Time-Advance Algorithm, World
Views, Manual simulation Using Event Scheduling; List processing.
Simulation in Java; Simulation in GPSS
UNIT – 3 6 Hours
Statistical Models in Simulation: Review of terminology and concepts;
Useful statistical models; Discrete distributions; Continuous distributions;
Poisson process; Empirical distributions.
UNIT – 4 6 Hours
Queuing Models: Characteristics of queuing systems; Queuing notation;
Long-run measures of performance of queuing systems; Steady-state
behavior of M/G/1 queue; Networks of queues; Rough-cut modeling: An
illustration..
PART – B
UNIT – 5 8 Hours
Random-Number Generation, Random-Variate Generation: Properties of
random numbers; Generation of pseudo-random numbers; Techniques for
generating random numbers; Tests for Random Numbers Random-Variate
Generation: Inverse transform technique; Acceptance-Rejection technique;
Special properties.

112
UNIT – 6 6 Hours
Input Modeling : Data Collection; Identifying the distribution with data;
Parameter estimation; Goodness of Fit Tests; Fitting a non-stationary Poisson
process; Selecting input models without data; Multivariate and Time-Series
input models.
UNIT – 7 6 Hours
Estimation of Absolute Performance: Types of simulations with respect to
output analysis; Stochastic nature of output data; Absolute measures of
performance and their estimation; Output analysis for terminating
simulations; Output analysis for steady-state simulations.
UNIT – 8 6 Hours
Verification, Calibration, and Validation; Optimization: Model building,
verification and validation; Verification of simulation models; Calibration
and validation of models, Optimization via Simulation
Text Books:
1. Jerry Banks, John S. Carson II, Barry L. Nelson, David M. Nicol:
Discrete-Event System Simulation, 5th
2010.
(Listed topics only from Chapters1 to 12)
Reference Books:
1. Lawrence M. Leemis, Stephen K. Park: Discrete – Event
Simulation: A First Course, Pearson Education, 2006.
2. Averill M. Law: Simulation Modeling and Analysis, 4th
Edition,
Tata McGraw-Hill, 2007.
WIRELESS NETWORKS AND MOBILE COMPUTING
PART-A
UNIT – 1
6 Hours
Mobile Computing Architecture: Types of Networks, Architecture for
Mobile Computing, 3-tier Architecture, Design Considerations for Mobile
Computing.

113
UNIT – 2 7 Hours
Wireless Networks – 1: GSM and SMS: Global Systems for Mobile
Communication ( GSM and Short Service Messages ( SMS): GSM
Architecture, Entities, Call routing in GSM, PLMN Interface, GSM
Addresses and Identities, Network Aspects in GSM, Mobility Management,
GSM Frequency allocation. Introduction to SMS, SMS Architecture, SM
MT, SM MO, SMS as Information bearer, applications
UNIT – 3 6 Hours
Wireless Networks – 2: GPRS : GPRS and Packet Data Network, GPRS
Network Architecture, GPRS Network Operations, Data Services in GPRS,
Applications for GPRS, Billing and Charging in GPRS
UNIT – 4 7 Hours
Wireless Networks – 3: CDMA, 3G and WiMAX: Spread Spectrum
technology, IS-95, CDMA versus GSM, Wireless Data, Third Generation
Networks, Applications on 3G, Introduction to WiMAX.
PART - B
UNIT – 5 6 Hours
Mobile Client: Moving beyond desktop, Mobile handset overview, Mobile
phones and their features, PDA, Design Constraints in applications for
handheld devices.Mobile IP: Introduction, discovery, Registration,
Tunneling, Cellular IP, Mobile IP with IPv6
UNIT – 6 7 Hours
Mobile OS and Computing Environment: Smart Client Architecture, The
Client: User Interface, Data Storage, Performance, Data Synchronization,
Messaging. The Server: Data Synchronization, Enterprise Data Source,
Messaging. Mobile Operating Systems: WinCE, Palm OS, Symbian OS,
Linux, Proprietary OS Client Development : The development process, Need
analysis phase, Design phase, Implementation and Testing phase,
Deployment phase, Development Tools, Device Emulators.
UNIT – 7 6 Hours
Building, Mobile Internet Applications: Thin client: Architecture, the
client, Middleware, messaging Servers, Processing a Wireless request,
Wireless Applications Protocol (WAP) Overview, Wireless Languages:
Markup Languages, HDML, WML, HTML, cHTML, XHTML, VoiceXML.
UNIT – 8 7 Hours
J2ME: Introduction, CDC, CLDC, MIDP; Programming for CLDC, MIDlet
model, Provisioning, MIDlet life-cycle, Creating new application, MIDlet

114
event handling, GUI in MIDP, Low level GUI Components, Multimedia
APIs; Communication in MIDP, Security Considerations in MIDP.
Text Books:
1. Dr. Ashok Talukder, Ms Roopa Yavagal, Mr. Hasan Ahmed:
Mobile Computing, Technology, Applications and Service Creation,
2d Edition, Tata McGraw Hill, 2010
2. Martyn Mallik: Mobile and Wireless Design Essentials, Wiley, 2003
Reference Books:
1. Raj kamal: Mobile Computing, Oxford University Press, 2007.
2. Iti Saha Misra: Wireless Communications and Networks, 3G and
Beyond, Tata McGraw Hill, 2009.
WEB 2.0 AND RICH INTERNET APPLICATIONS
Hrs/ Week: 04 Exam Hours : 03
Total Hours: 52 Exam Marks : 100
PART - A
UNIT – 1 6 Hours
Introduction, Ajax – 1: Web 2.0 and Rich Internet Applications, Overview
of Ajax, Examples of usage of Ajax: Updating web page text, Chatting in real
time, Dragging and dropping, Downloading images. Creating Ajax
Applications: An example, Analysis of example ajax.html, Creating the
JavaScript, Creating and opening the XMLHttpRequest object, Data
download, Displaying the fetched data, Connecting to the server, Adding
Server-side programming, Sending data to the server using GET and POST,
Using Ajax together with XML.
UNIT – 2 7 Hours
Ajax – 2: Handling multiple XMLHttpRequest objects in the same page,
Using two XMLHttpRequest objects, Using an array of XMLHttpRequest
objects, Using inner functions, Downloading JavaScript, connecting to
Google Suggest, Creating google.php, Downloading from other domains with
Ajax, HTML header request and Ajax, Defeating caching,
Examples.Building XML and working with XML in JavaScript, Getting the
document element, Accessing any XML element, Handling whitespace in
Firefox, Handling cross-browser whitespace, Accessing XML data directly,
Validating XML, Further examples of Rich Internet Applications with Ajax.

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UNIT – 3 6 Hours
Ajax – 3: Drawing user‟s attention to downloaded text, Styling text, colors
and background using CSS, Setting element location in the web pages,
Setting the stacking order of web page elements, Further examples of using
Ajax. Displaying all the data in an HTML form, Working with PHP server
variables, Getting the data in to array format, Wrapping applications in to a
single PHP page, Validating input from the user, Validating integers and text,
DOM, Appending new elements to a web page using the DOM and Ajax,
Replacing elements using the DOM, Handling timeouts in Ajax,
Downloading images with Ajax, Example programs.
UNIT – 4 7 Hours
Flex – 1 : Introduction: Understanding Flex Application Technologies, Using
Flex Elements, Working with Data Services (Loading Data at Runtime), The
Differences between Traditional and Flex Web Applications, Understanding
How Flex Applications Work, Understanding Flex and Flash Authoring.
Building Applications with the Flex Framework: Using Flex Tool Sets,
Creating Projects, Building Applications, Deploying Applications
Framework Fundamentals: Understanding How Flex Applications Are
Structured, Loading and Initializing Flex Applications, Understanding the
Component Life Cycles, Loading One Flex Application into Another Flex
Application, Differentiating Between Flash Player and the Flex Framework,
Caching the Framework, Understanding Application Domains, Localization,
Managing Layout: Flex Layout Overview, Making Fluid Interfaces, Putting
It All Together.
PART B
UNIT – 5 7 Hours
Flex – 2: MXML: Understanding MXML Syntax and Structure, Making
MXML Interactive Working with UI Components: Understanding UI
Components, Buttons, Value Selectors, Text Components, List-Based
Controls, Pop-Up Controls, Navigators, Control Bars Customizing
Application Appearance: Using Styles, Skinning components, Customizing
the preloader, Themes, Runtime CSS
UNIT – 6 6 Hours
Flex – 3: ActionScript: Using ActionScript, MXML and ActionScript
Correlations, Understanding ActionScript Syntax, Variables and Properties,
Inheritance, Interfaces, Handling Events, Error Handling, Using XML
UNIT – 7 7 Hours
Flex – 4: Managing State: Creating States, Applying States, Defining States,
Adding and Removing Components, Setting Properties, Setting Styles,

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Setting Event Handlers, Using Action Scripts to Define States, Managing
Object Creation Policies, Handling State Events, Understanding State Life
Cycles, When To Use States.Using Effects and Transitions: Using Effects,
Creating Custom Effects, Using Transitions, Creating Custom Transitions.
UNIT – 8 6 Hours
Flex – 5: Working with Data: Using Data Models, Data Binding, Enabling
Data Binding for Custom Classes, Data Binding Examples, Building data
binding proxies.Validating and Formatting Data: Validating user input,
Formatting Data.
Text Books:
1. Steven Holzner: Ajax: A Beginner‟s Guide, Tata McGraw Hill,
2009.
(Listed topics from Chapters 3, 4, 6, 7, 11, 12)
2. Chafic Kazon and Joey Lott: Programming Flex 3, O‟Reilly, June
2009.
(Listed topics from Chapters 1 to 8, 12 to 15)
Reference Books:
1. Jack Herrington and Emily Kim: Getting Started with Flex 3,
O‟Reilly, 1st
Edition, 2008.
2. Michele E. Davis and John A. Phillips: Flex 3 - A Beginner‟s Guide,
Tata McGraw-Hill, 2008.
3. Colin Moock: Essential Actionscript 3.0, O‟Reilly Publications,
2007.
4. Nicholas C Zakas et al : Professional Ajax, 2nd
Edition, Wrox/Wiley
India, 2008.
VLSI DESIGN AND ALGORITHMS
PART - A
UNIT 1 6 Hours
Digital Systems and VLSI: Why design Integrated Circuits? Integrated
Circuits manufacturing, CMOS Technology, Integrated Circuit Design
Techniques, IP-based Design.
UNIT 2 8 Hours

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Fabrication and Devices: Fabrication Processes, Transistors, Wires and
vias, SCMOS Design Rules, Layout design and tools.
UNIT 3 6 Hours
Logic Gates – 1: Combinatorial logic functions, Static Complementary
gates, Switch Logic.
UNIT 4 6 Hours
Logic Gates – 2: Alternative gate Circuits, Low Power gates, Delay through
resistive interconnect; Delay through inductive interconnect, Design for
yield, Gates as IP.
PART - B
UNIT 5 6 Hours
Combinational Logic Networks: Standard cell-based layout, Combinatorial
network delay, Logic and interconnect design, Power Optimization, Switch
logic networks, Combinational logic testing.
UNIT 6 6 Hours
Sequential Machines: Latches and Flip-flops, Sequential systems and
clocking disciplines, Clock generators, Sequential systems design, Power
optimization, Design validation, Sequential testing.
UNIT 7 6 Hours
Architecture Design:Register Transfer design, High Level Synthesis,
Architecture for Low Power, Architecture testing.
UNIT 8 8 Hours
Design Problems and Algorithms : Placement and Partitioning: Circuit
Representation, Wire-length Estimation, Types of Placement Problems,
Placement Algorithms, Constructive Placement, Iterative Improvement,
Partitioning, The Kernighan-Lin Partitioning Algorithm. Floor Planning:
Concepts, Shape functions and floor plan sizing.Routing: Types of Local
Routing Problems, Area Routing, Channel Routing, Introduction to Global
Routing, Algorithms for Global Routing
Text Books:
1. Wayne Wolf: Modern VLSI Design - IP-Based Design, 4th
Edition,
PHI Learning, 2009.
(Listed topics only from Chapters 1 to 5, and 8)
2. Sabih H. Gerez: Algorithms for VLSI Design Automation, Wiley
India, 2007.
(Listed topics only from Chapters 7, 8, and 9)

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NETWORK MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
PART – A
UNIT 1 7 Hours
Introduction: Analogy of Telephone Network Management, Data and
Telecommunication Network Distributed computing Environments, TCP/IP-
Based Networks: The Internet and Intranets, Communications Protocols and
Standards- Communication Architectures, Protocol Layers and Services;
Case Histories of Networking and Management – The Importance of
topology , Filtering Does Not Reduce Load on Node, Some Common
Network Problems; Challenges of Information Technology Managers,
Network Management: Goals, Organization, and Functions- Goal of
Network Management, Network Provisioning, Network Operations and the
NOC, Network Installation and Maintenance; Network and System
Management, Network Management System platform, Current Status and
Future of Network Management.
UNIT 2 6 Hours
Basic Foundations: Standards, Models, and Language: Network
Management Standards, Network Management Model, Organization Model,
Information Model – Management Information Trees, Managed Object
Perspectives, Communication Model; ASN.1- Terminology, Symbols, and
Conventions, Objects and Data Types, Object Names, An Example of ASN.1
from ISO 8824; Encoding Structure; Macros, Functional Model.
UNIT 3 6 Hours
SNMPv1 Network Management - 1 : Managed Network: The History of
SNMP Management, Internet Organizations and standards, Internet
Documents, The SNMP Model, The Organization Model, System Overview.
UNIT 4 7 Hours
SNMPv1 Network Management – 2: The Information Model –
Introduction, The Structure of Management Information, Managed Objects,
Management Information Base.The SNMP Communication Model – The
SNMP Architecture, Administrative Model, SNMP Specifications, SNMP
Operations, SNMP MIB Group, Functional Model

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PART - B
UNIT 5 6 Hours
SNMP Management – RMON: Remote Monitoring, RMON SMI and MIB,
RMONI1- RMON1 Textual Conventions, RMON1 Groups and Functions,
Relationship Between Control and Data Tables, RMON1 Common and
Ethernet Groups, RMON Token Ring Extension Groups, RMON2 – The
RMON2 Management Information Base, RMON2 Conformance
Specifications; ATM Remote Monitoring, A Case Study of Internet Traffic
Using RMON.
UNIT 6 6 Hours
Broadband Network Management: ATM Networks: Broadband
Networks and Services, ATM Technology – Virtual Path-Virtual Circuit,
TM Packet Size, Integrated Service, SONET, ATM LAN Emulation, Virtual
LAN; ATM Network Management – The ATM Network Reference Model,
The Integrated Local Management Interface, The ATM Management
Information Base, The Role of SNMP and ILMI in ATM Management, M1
Interface: Management of ATM Network Element, M2 Interface:
Management of Private Networks, M3 Interface: Customer Network
Management of Public Networks, M4 Interface: Public Network
Management, Management of LAN Emulation, ATM Digital Exchange
Interface Management.
UNIT 7 6 Hours
Broadband Network Management: Broadband Access Networks and
Technologies – Broadband Access Networks, roadband Access Technology;
HFCT Technology – The Broadband LAN, The Cable Modem, The Cable
Modem Termination System, The HFC Plant, The RF Spectrum for Cable
Modem; Data Over Cable Reference Architecture; HFC Management –
Cable Modem and CMTS Management, HFC Link Management, RF
Spectrum Management, DSL Technology; Asymmetric Digital Subscriber
Line Technology – Role of the ADSL Access Network in an Overall
Network, ADSL Architecture, ADSL Channeling Schemes, ADSL Encoding
Schemes; ADSL Management – ADSL Network Management Elements,
ADSL Configuration Management, ADSL Fault Management, ADSL
Performance Management, SNMP-Based ADSL Line MIB, MIB Integration
with Interfaces Groups in MIB-2, ADSL Configuration Profiles.
UNIT 8 8Hours
Network Management Applications: Configuration Management- Network
Provisioning, Inventory Management, Network Topology, Fault
Management- Fault Detection, Fault Location and Isolation Techniques,
Performance Management – Performance Metrics, Data Monitoring, Problem

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Isolation, Performance Statistics; Event Correlation Techniques – Rule-Based
Reasoning, Model-Based Reasoning, Case-Based Reasoning, Codebook
correlation Model, State Transition Graph Model, Finite State Machine
Model, Security Management – Policies and Procedures, Security Breaches
and the Resources Needed to Prevent Them, Firewalls, Cryptography,
Authentication and Authorization, Client/Server Authentication Systems,
Messages Transfer Security, Protection of Networks from Virus Attacks,
Accounting Management, Report Management, Policy-Based Management,
Service Level Management.
Text Books:
1. Mani Subramanian: Network Management- Principles and Practice,
2nd
Reference Books:
1. J. Richard Burke: Network management Concepts and Practices: a
Hands-On Approach, PHI, 2008.
INFORMATION AND NETWORK SECURITY
PART – A
UNIT 1 6 Hours
Planning for Security: Introduction; Information Security Policy,
Standards, and Practices; The Information Security Blue Print; Contingency
plan and a model for contingency plan
UNIT 2 6 Hours
Security Technology-1: Introduction; Physical design; Firewalls; Protecting
Remote Connections
UNIT 3 6 Hours
Security Technology – 2: Introduction; Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS);
Honey Pots, Honey Nets, and Padded cell systems; Scanning and Analysis
Tools
UNIT 4 8 Hours
Cryptography: Introduction; A short History of Cryptography; Principles of
Cryptography; Cryptography Tools; Attacks on Cryptosystems.
PART - B

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UNIT 5 8 Hours
Introduction to Network Security, Authentication Applications: Attacks,
services, and Mechanisms; Security Attacks; Security Services; A model for
Internetwork Security; Internet Standards and RFCs Kerberos, X.509
Directory Authentication Service.
UNIT 6 6 Hours
Electronic Mail Security: Pretty Good Privacy (PGP); S/MIME
UNIT 7 6 Hours
IP Security: IP Security Overview; IP Security Architecture; Authentication
Header; Encapsulating Security Payload; Combining Security Associations;
Key Management.
UNIT 8 6 Hours
Web Security: Web security requirements; Secure Socket layer (SSL) and
Transport layer Security (TLS); Secure Electronic Transaction (SET)
Text Books:
1. Michael E. Whitman and Herbert J. Mattord: Principles of
Information Security, 2nd
Edition, Cengage Learning, 2005.
(Chapters 5, 6, 7, 8; Exclude the topics not mentioned in the
syllabus)
2. William Stallings: Network Security Essentials: Applications and
Standards, 3rd
(Chapters: 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)
Reference Book:
1. Behrouz A. Forouzan: Cryptography and Network Security, Special
Indian Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2007.
MICROCONTROLLER-BASED SYSTEMS
PART – A
UNIT 1 7 Hours
Introduction, 8051 Assembly Language Programming – 1:
Microcontrollers and embedded processors; Overview of the 8051 family
8051 Assembly Language Programming (ALP) -1: Inside the 8051;
Introduction to 8051 ALP; Assembling and running an 8051 program; The

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PC and ROM space in 8051; Data types, directives, flag bits, PSW register,
register banks, and the stack.
UNIT 2 6 Hours
ALP – 2: Jump and loop instructions; Call instructions; Time delay for
various 8051 family members; I/O programming; I/O bit manipulation
programming. Immediate and register addressing modes; Accessing memory
using various addressing modes.
UNIT 3 7 Hours
ALP – 3 - Programming in C: Bit addresses for I/O and RAM; Extra 128
bytes of on-chip RAM in 8052.Arithmetic instructions; Signed numbers and
arithmetic operations; Logic and compare instructions; rotate instruction and
serialization; BCD, ASCII, and other application programs. Programming in
C: Data types and time delays; I/O programming; Logic operations; Data
conversion programs; Accessing code ROM space; Data serialization.
UNIT 4 6 Hours
Pin Description, Timer Programming: Pin description of 8051; Intel Hex
file; Programming the 8051 timers; Counter programming; Programming
Timers 0 and 1 in C.
PART – B
UNIT 5 6 Hours
Serial Port Programming, Interrupt Programming: Basics of serial
communications; 8051 connections to RS232; Serial port programming in
assembly and in C 8051 interrupts; Programming timer interrupts;
Programming external hardware interrupts; Programming the serial
communications interrupt; Interrupt priority in 8051 / 8052; Interrupt
programming in C.
UNIT 6 7 Hours
Interfacing LCD, Keyboard, ADC, DAC and Sensors : LCE interfacing;
Keyboard interfacing; Parallel and serial ADC; DAC interfacing; Sensor
interfacing and signal conditioning
UNIT 7 7 Hours
Interfacing to External Memory, Interfacing with 8255: Memory address
decoding; Interfacing 8031 / 8051 with external ROM; 8051 data memory
space; Accessing external data memory in C. Interfacing with 8255;
Programming 8255 in C.
UNIT 8 6 Hours

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DS12887 RTC interfacing and Programming, Applications : DS12887
RTC interfacing; DS12887 RTC programming in C; Alarm, SQW, and IRQ
features of DS12886 Relays and opto-isolators; Stepper motor interfacing;
DC motor interfacing and PWM
Text Books:
1. Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillispie Mazidi, Rolin D.
McKinlay: The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems using
Assembly and C, 2nd
Edition, Pearson Education,2008.
Reference Books:
1. Raj Kamal: Microcontrollers Architecture, Programming,
Interfacing and System Design, Pearson Education, 2007.
2. Dr. Ramani Kalpathi, Ganesh Raja: Microcontrollers and
Applications, 1st
Revised Edition, Sanguine - Pearson, 2010.
ADHOC NETWORKS
PART – A
UNIT 1 6 Hours
Introduction: Ad hoc Networks: Introduction, Issues in Ad hoc wireless
networks, Ad hoc wireless internet.
UNIT 2
7 Hours
MAC – 1: MAC Protocols for Ad hoc wireless Networks: Introduction,
Issues in designing a MAC protocol for Ad hoc wireless Networks, Design
goals of a MAC protocol for Ad hoc wireless Networks, Classification of
MAC protocols, Contention based protocols with reservation mechanisms.
UNIT 3 6 Hours
MAC – 2: Contention-based MAC protocols with scheduling mechanism,
MAC protocols that use directional antennas, Other MAC protocols.
UNIT 4
7 Hours
Routing – 1: Routing protocols for Ad hoc wireless Networks: Introduction,
Issues in designing a routing protocol for Ad hoc wireless Networks,
Classification of routing protocols, Table drive routing protocol, On-demand
routing protocol.

124
PART- B
UNIT 5
6 Hours
Routing – 2: Hybrid routing protocol, Routing protocols with effective
flooding mechanisms, Hierarchical routing protocols, Power aware routing
protocols
UNIT 6 7 Hours
Transport Layer: Transport layer protocols for Ad hoc wireless Networks:
Introduction, Issues in designing a transport layer protocol for Ad hoc
wireless Networks, Design goals of a transport layer protocol for Ad hoc
wireless Networks, Classification of transport layer solutions, TCP over Ad
hoc wireless Networks, Other transport layer protocols for Ad hoc wireless
Networks.
UNIT 7 6 Hours
Security: Security: Security in wireless Ad hoc wireless Networks, Network
security requirements, Issues & challenges in security provisioning, Network
security attacks, Key management, Secure routing in Ad hoc wireless
Networks.
UNIT 8 7 Hours
QoS: Quality of service in Ad hoc wireless Networks: Introduction, Issues
and challenges in providing QoS in Ad hoc wireless Networks, Classification
of QoS solutions, MAC layer solutions, network layer solutions.
Text Books:
1. C. Siva Ram Murthy & B. S. Manoj: Ad hoc Wireless Networks, 2nd
Edition, Pearson Education, 2005
Reference Books:
1. Ozan K. Tonguz and Gianguigi Ferrari: Ad hoc Wireless Networks,
John Wiley, 2007.
2. Xiuzhen Cheng, Xiao Hung, Ding-Zhu Du: Ad hoc Wireless
Networking, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004.
3. C.K. Toh: Adhoc Mobile Wireless Networks- Protocols and
Systems, Pearson Education, 2002.

125
SOFTWARE TESTING
Subject Code: 10CS842 I.A. Marks: 25
PART – A
UNIT 1 6 Hours
A Perspective on Testing, Examples: Basic definitions, Test cases, Insights
from a Venn diagram, Identifying test cases, Error and fault taxonomies,
Levels of testing. Examples: Generalized pseudocode, The triangle problem,
The NextDate function, The commission problem, The SATM (Simple
Automatic Teller Machine) problem, The currency converter, Saturn
windshield wiper.
UNIT 2 7 Hours
Boundary Value Testing, Equivalence Class Testing, Decision Table-
Based Testing: Boundary value analysis, Robustness testing, Worst-case
testing, Special value testing, Examples, Random testing, Equivalence
classes, Equivalence test cases for the triangle problem, NextDate function,
and the commission problem, Guidelines and observations. Decision tables,
Test cases for the triangle problem, NextDate function, and the commission
problem, Guidelines and observations.
UNIT 3 7 Hours
Path Testing, Data Flow Testing: DD paths, Test coverage metrics, Basis
path testing, guidelines and observations. Definition-Use testing, Slice-based
testing, Guidelines and observations.
UNIT 4 6 Hours
Levels of Testing, Integration Testing: Traditional view of testing levels,
Alternative life-cycle models, The SATM system, Separating integration and
system testing. A closer look at the SATM system, Decomposition-based,
call graph-based, Path-based integrations.
PART – B
UNIT 5 7 Hours
System Testing, Interaction Testing: Threads, Basic concepts for
requirements specification, Finding threads, Structural strategies and
functional strategies for thread testing, SATM test threads, System testing
guidelines, ASF (Atomic System Functions) testing example. Context of

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interaction, A taxonomy of interactions, Interaction, composition, and
determinism, Client/Server Testing,.
UNIT 6 7 Hours
Process Framework: Validation and verification, Degrees of freedom,
Varieties of software. Basic principles: Sensitivity, redundancy, restriction,
partition, visibility, Feedback. The quality process, Planning and monitoring,
Quality goals, Dependability properties, Analysis, Testing, Improving the
process, Organizational factors.
UNIT 7 6 Hours
Fault-Based Testing, Test Execution: Overview, Assumptions in fault-
based testing, Mutation analysis, Fault-based adequacy criteria, Variations on
mutation analysis. Test Execution: Overview, from test case specifications to
test cases, Scaffolding, Generic versus specific scaffolding, Test oracles,
Self-checks as oracles, Capture and replay.
UNIT 8 6 Hours
Planning and Monitoring the Process, Documenting Analysis and Test:
Quality and process, Test and analysis strategies and plans, Risk planning,
Monitoring the process, Improving the process, The quality team, Organizing
documents, Test strategy document, Analysis and test plan, Test design
specifications documents, Test and analysis reports.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Paul C. Jorgensen: Software Testing, A Craftsman‟s Approach, 3rd
Edition, Auerbach Publications, 2008.
(Listed topics only from Chapters 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 12, 1314, 15)
2. Mauro Pezze, Michal Young: Software Testing and Analysis –
Process, Principles and Techniques, Wiley India, 2009.
(Listed topics only from Chapters 2, 3, 4, 16, 17, 20, 24)
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Aditya P Mathur: Foundations of Software Testing, Pearson
Education, 2008.
2. Srinivasan Desikan, Gopalaswamy Ramesh: Software Testing
Principles and Practices, 2nd
3. Brian Marrick: The Craft of Software Testing, Pearson Education,
1995.

127
ARM BASED SYSTEM DESIGN
PART – A
UNIT 1 6 Hours
Introduction: The RISC design philosophy; The ARN design philosophy;
Embedded system hardware and software.ARM processor fundamentals:
Registers; Current Program Status Register; Pipeline; Exceptions, interrupts
and the Vector Table; Core extensions; Architecture revisions; ARM
processor families.
UNIT 2 7 Hours
ARM Instruction Set and Thumb Instruction Set: ARM instruction set:
Data processing instructions; Branch instructions; Load-store instructions;
Software interrupt instruction; Program Status Register functions; Loading
constants; ARMv5E extensions; Conditional execution.Thumb instruction
set: Thumb register usage; ARM –Thumb interworking; Other branch
instructions; Data processing instructions; Single-Register Load-Store
instructions; Multiple-Register Load-Store instructions; Stack instructions;
Software interrupt instruction.
UNIT 3 6 Hours
Writing and Optimizing ARM Assembly Code: Writing assembly code;
Profiling and cycle counting; Instruction scheduling; Register allocation;
Conditional execution; Looping constructs; Bit manipulation; Efficient
switches; Handling unaligned data.
UNIT 4 7 Hours
Optimized Primitives: Double-precision integer multiplication; Integer
normalization and count leading zeros; Division; Square roots;
Transcendental functions; Endian reversal and bit operations; Saturated and
rounded arithmetic; Random number generation.
PART - B
UNIT 5 7 Hours
Exception and Interrupt Handling: Exception handling; Interrupts and
interrupt handling schemes

128
UNIT 6 7 Hours
Caches : The memory hierarchy and the cache memory; Cache architecture;
Cache policy; Coprocessor 15 and cache; Flusing and cleaning cache
memory; Cache lockdown; Caches and software performance.
UNIT 7 6 Hours
Memory – 1: Memory Protection Units: Protected regions; Initializing the
MPU, cache and write buffer; Demonstration of an MPU system. Memory
Management Units: Moving from MPU to an MMU; How virtual memory
works; Details of the ARM MMU.
UNIT 8 6 Hours
Memory – 2: Page tables; The translation lookaside buffer; Domains and
memory access permission; The caches and write buffer; Coprocessor 15 and
MMU configuration; The fast context switch extension.
Text Books:
1. Andrew N. Sloss, Dominic Symes, Chris Wright: ARM System
Developer‟s Guide – Designing and Optimizing System Software,
Elsevier, 2004.
Reference Books:
1. David Seal (Editor): ARM Architecture Reference Manual, 2nd
Edition, Addison-Wesley, 2001.
2. Steve Furber: ARM System-on-Chip Architecture, 2nd
Edition,
Addison-Wesley, 2000.
SERVICES ORIENTED ARCHITECTURE
PART – A
UNIT 1 7 Hours
Introduction o SOA, Evolution of SOA: Fundamental SOA; Common
Characteristics of contemporary SOA; Common tangible benefits of
SOA;An SOA timeline (from XML to Web services to SOA); The
continuing evolution of SOA (Standards organizations and Contributing
vendors); The roots of SOA (comparing SOA to Past architectures).

129
UNIT 2 6 Hours
Web Services and Primitive SOA : The Web services framework; Services
(as Web services); Service descriptions (with WSDL); Messaging (with
SOAP).
UNIT 3 6 Hours
Web Services and Contemporary SOA – 1: Message exchange patterns;
Service activity; Coordination; Atomic Transactions; Business activities;
Orchestration; Choreography
UNIT 4 7 Hours
Web Services and Contemporary SOA – 2: Addressing; Reliable
messaging; Correlation; Polices; Metadata exchange; Security; Notification
and eventing
PART – B
UNIT 5 7 Hours
Principles of Service – Orientation: Services-orientation and the enterprise;
Anatomy of a service-oriented architecture; Common Principles of Service-
orientation; How service orientation principles inter-relate; Service-
orientation and object-orientation; Native Web service support for service-
orientation principles.
UNIT 6 6 Hours
Service Layers: Service-orientation and contemporary SOA; Service layer
abstraction; Application service layer, Business service layer, Orchestration
service layer; Agnostic services; Service layer configuration scenarios
UNIT 7 7 Hours
Business Process Design: WS-BPEL language basics; WS-Coordination
overview; Service-oriented business process design; WS-addressing
language basics; WS-Reliable Messaging language basics
UNIT 8 6 Hours
SOA Platforms: SOA platform basics; SOA support in J2EE; SOA support in
.NET; Integration considerations
Text Books:
1. Thomas Erl: Service-Oriented Architecture – Concepts, Technology,
and Design, Pearson Education, 2005.
Reference Books:
1. Eric Newcomer, Greg Lomow: Understanding SOA with Web
Services, Pearson Education, 2005.

130
Clouds, Grids, and Clusters
PART – A
UNIT - 1 6 Hours
Introduction: Overview of Cloud Computing, Applications, Intranets and
the Cloud, When can cloud Computing be used? Benefits and limitations,
Security concerns, Regulatory issues
UNIT - 2 6 Hours
Business Case for Cloud, Examples of Cloud Services: Cloud computing
services, Help to the business, Deleting the data center. Examples: Google,
Microsoft, IBM, Salesforce.com and its uses, Cloud at Thomson Reuters.
UNIT - 3 7 Hours
Technology, Cloud Storage, Standards: Cloud Computing Technology:
Clients, Security, Network, Services.
Overview of Cloud storage, Some providers of Cloud storage. Standards:
Applications, Clients, Infrastructure, Service.
UNIT - 4 7 Hours
Other issues: Overview of SaaS (Software as a Service), Driving forces,
Company offerings: Google, Microsoft, IBM. Software plus Service:
Overview, Mobile device integration Local Clouds, Thin Clients, Migrating
to the Cloud: Virtualization, Server solutions, Thin clients, Cloud services for
individuals, mid-markets, and enterprises, Migration.
PART - B
UNIT - 5 7 Hours
GRID Computing – 1: Introduction: Data Center, The Grid and the
Distributed/ High Performance Computing, Cluster Computing and Grid
Computing, Metacomputing – the Precursor of Grid Computing, Scientific,
Business and e-Governance Grids, Web services and Grid Computing,
Business Computing and the Grid – a Potential Win win Situation, e-
Governance and the Grid. Technologies and Architectures for Grid
Computing: Clustering and Grid Computing, Issues in Data Grids, Key
Functional Requirements in Grid Computing, Standards for Grid Computing ,
Recent Technological Trends in Large Data Grids.OGSA and WSRF: OGSA
for Resource Distribution, Stateful Web Services in OGSA, WSRF (Web

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Services Resource Framework), Resource Approach to Stateful Services,
WSRF Specification.
The Grid and the Database: Issues in Database Integration with the Grid, The
Requirements of a Grid enabled database, Storage Request Broker (SRB),
How to integrate the Database with the Grid? The Architecture of OGSA-
DAI for Offering Grid Database Services
UNIT - 6 6 Hours
GRID Computing – 2: World Wide Grid Computing Activites,
Organizations and Projects: Standards Organizations, Organizations
Developing Grid Computing Tool Kits, Framework and Middleware, Grid
Projects and Organizations Building and Using Grid Based Solutions.Web
Services and the Service Oriented Architecture (SOA): History and
Background, Service Oriented Architecture, How a Web Service Works,
SOAP and WSDL, Description, Creating Web Services, Server Side. Globus
Toolkit: History of Globus Toolkit, Versions of Globus Toolkit, Applications
of GT4 – cases, GT4 – Approaches and Benefits, Infrastructure Management,
Monitoring and Discovery, Security, Data, Choreography and Coordination,
Main Features of GT4 Functionality – a Summary, GT4 Architecture, GT4
Command Line Programs, GT4 Containers.
UNIT - 7 7 Hours
Cluster Computing – 1: Introduction: What is Cluster Computing,
Approaches to Parallel Computing, How to Achieve Low Cost Parallel
Computing through Clusters, Definition and Architecture of a Cluster, What
is the Functionality a Cluster can offer? Categories of Clusters Cluster
Middleware: Levels and Layers of Single System Image (SSI), Cluster
Middleware Design Objectives, Resource Management and Scheduling,
Cluster Programming Environment and Tools. Early Cluster Architectures
and High Throughput Computing Clusters: Early Cluster Architectures, High
Throughput Computing Clusters, Condor. Setting up and Administering a
Cluster: How to set up a Simple Cluster? Design considerations for the Front
End of a Cluster, Setting up nodes, Clusters of Clusters or Metaclusters,
System Monitoring, Directory Services inside the Clusters & DCE, Global
Clocks Sync, Administering heterogeneous Clusters.
UNIT - 8 6 Hours
Cluster Computing – 2: Cluster Technology for High Availability: Highly
Available Clusters, High Availability Parallel Computing, Mission Critical
(or Business Critical or Business Continuity) Applications, Types of Failures
and Errors, Cluster Architectures and Configurations for High Availability,
Faults and Error Detection, Failure Recovery, Failover / Recovery Clusters.
Performance Model and Simulation: Performance Measures and Metrics,
Profit Effectiveness of Parallel Computing through Clusters. Process
Scheduling, Load Sharing and Load Balancing: Job Management System

132
(JMS) Resource Management System (RMS), Queues, Hosts, Resources,
Jobs and Policies, Policies for Resource Utilization, Scheduling Policies
Load Sharing and Load Balancing, Strategies for Load Balancing, Modeling
Parameters Case Studies of Cluster Systems: Beowulf, PARAM.
Text Books:
1. Anthony T. Velte, Toby J. Velte, Robert Elsenpeter: Cloud
Computing, A Practical Approach, McGraw Fill, 2010.
2. Prabhu: Grid and Cluster Computing, PHI, 2008.
Reference Books:
1. Joshy Joseph, Craig Fellenstein: Grid Computing, Pearson
Education, 2007.
2. Internet Resources
MULTI-CORE ARCHITECTURE AND PROGRAMMING
PART - A
UNIT 1 7 Hours
Introduction
The power and potential of parallelism, Examining sequential and parallel
programs, Parallelism using multiple instruction streams, The Goals:
Scalability and performance portability, Balancing machine specifics with
portability, A look at six parallel computers: Chip multiprocessors,
Symmetric multiprocessor architectures, Heterogeneous chip designs,
Clusters, Supercomputers, Observations from the six parallel computers.
UNIT 2 6 Hours
Reasoning about Performance
Motivation and basic concepts, Sources of performance loss, Parallel
structure, Performance trade-offs, Measuring performance, Scalable
performance.
UNIT 3 6 Hours
Examples of Multi-Core Architectures
Introduction to Intel Architecture, How an Intel Architecture System works,
Basic Components of the Intel Core 2 Duo Processor: The CPU, Memory
Controller, I/O Controller; Intel Core i7: Architecture, The Intel Core i7
Processor, Intel QuickPath Interconnect, The SCH; Intel Atom Architecture.

133
Introduction to Texas Instruments‟ Multi-Core Multilayer SoC architecture
for communications, infrastructure equipment
UNIT 4 7 Hours
Parallel Algorithm Design
Introduction, The Task / Channel model, Foster‟s design methodology,
Examples: Boundary value problem, Finding the maximum, The n-Body
problem, Adding data input.
PART – B
UNIT 5 7 Hours
Parallel Programming – 1 (Using OpenMP)
Designing for threads: Task decomposition, Data decomposition, Data flow
decomposition, Implications of different decompositions; Challenges in
decomposition, Parallel programming patters, A motivating problem: Error
diffusion.
Threading and Parallel Programming Constructs: Synchronization, Critical
sections, Deadlocks, Synchronization primitives: Semaphores, Locks,
Condition variables; Messages, Flow Control-Based concepts: Fence,
Barrier; Implementation-Dependent threading issues.
UNIT 6 6 Hours
Parallel Programming – 2 (Using OpenMP)
Introduction, The shared-memory model, Parallel for loops, Declaring private
variables, Critical sections, Reductions, Performance improvements, More
general data parallelism, Functional parallelism.
UNIT 7 7 Hours
Solutions to Common Parallel Programming Problems
Too many threads, Data races, deadlocks, and live locks, Heavily contended
locks, Non-blocking algorithms, Thread-safe functions and libraries, Memory
issues, Cache-related issues, Avoiding pipeline stalls, Data organization for
high performance.
UNIT 8 6 Hours
Threading in the Processor
Single-Core Processors: Processor architecture fundamentals, Comparing
Superscalar and EPIC architectures.
Multi-Core Processors: Hardware-based threading, Hyper-threading
technology, Multi-Core processors, Multiple processor interactions, Power
consumption, Beyond multi-core architecture.
NOTE: In order to acquire a sound understanding of the subject, it is
desirable for the students to work in the laboratory using OpenMP. The

134
hands-on experience would reinforce the concepts learnt in theory. Problems
similar to the ones solved in the Algorithms Laboratory can be solved and
issues like speed-up achieved can be analyzed in depth. Several free tools are
available from companies like INTEL to facilitate such a study.
Text Books:
1. Calvin Lin, Lawrence Snyder: Principles of Parallel Programming,
(Listed topics only from Chapters 1, 2, 3)
2. Michael J. Quinn: Parallel Programming in C with MPI and
OpenMP, Tata McGraw Hill, 2004.
(Listed topics only from Chapters 3, 17)
3. Shameem Akhter, Jason Roberts: Multi-Core Programming,
Increasing Performance through Software Multithreading, Intel
Press, 2006.
(Listed topics only from Chapters 3, 4, 7, 9, 10)
4. Web resources for Example Architectures of INTEL and Texas
Instruments:
http://download.intel.com/design/intarch/papers/321087.pdf ;
http://focus.ti.com/lit/wp/spry133/spry133.pdf
Reference Books:
1. Introduction to Parallel Computing – Ananth Grama et. al., Pearson
Education, 2009.
2. Reinders : Intel Threading Building Blocks, O‟reilly – 2005
3. David Culler et. al.: Parallel Computer Architecture: A
Hardware/Software Approach, Elsevier, 2006.
4. Richard Gerber, Aart J.C. Bik, Kevin B. Smith, Xinmin Tian:
Software Optimization Cookbook, High-Performance Recipes for
IA-32 Platforms, 2nd
Edition, Intel Press, 2006.

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