Computer software and operating system.pptx
- 1. Computer software and operating system Software : Software is a set of instructions, data or programs used to operate computers and execute specific tasks.
- 2. • Software is divided into two types : • System software & • Application Software 1) System software : System software is set of one or more programs designed to control the operation of our computer system.This type of software doesn't fulfill the specific requirement of the user.They are general program written to assist human in the use of the computer system. It is further divided into 3 types : i) Operating System : : Operating system is a collection program that controls the overall operation of the computer system. It provides platform for other application program to run and execute. It provides user with an interface so that uses can easily communicate with computer. For example Linux, Windows, Mac etc.
- 3. ii) Language translator : It is a special kind computer software which translates the programs written one language in another language. It is also called language processor. The types of language translator are compiler, interpreter and assembler. iii) Utility software : It is the supporting software which is used to perform specific task related to the maintenance of the computer system.They are also called service program. For example Norton Utility, PC tools, win zip etc. 2) Application Software : Application software is a set of one or more program which are design to do a specific task. It is made to fulfill the user demand.This program directs a computer to solve user oriented problem such as preparing bills, calculating mathematical equation, preparing mark sheet etc. It is further divided into two types : i) Packaged software :They are the generalized set of programs design and develop for general purpose. It is generally large sized, error-free, advance and standard software with much more functionality.They cannot be changed easily are developed and designed by reputed software Company so they are trust worthy. for example Ms-Office, Adobe, Macromedia etc.
- 4. • ii) Customized /Tailored software :This is a software develop in high level language for special task.This types of software is developed for some specific purpose for solving specific problem of specific user or organization. For example: payroll system, inventory management, school management, billing software, mark sheet evaluation etc. • Operating system : • An operating system (OS) is an integrated set of program that controls overall resources such as CPU, memory, input-output device of the computer system.The major objective of operating system is to improve the performance and efficiency of a computer system. • The major properties of operating system are: 1. It controls, monitor and co-ordinate overall operation of our computer system. 2.It act as an interface between user and computer. 3. It provide platform to develop, run and execute other computer program. 4.It manages hardware resources such as CPU, memories, input-output terminals, networking equipment etc. 5. It hides programming and hardware complexity to the user.
- 5. • Functions of Operating System (OS) : • 1) Input-Output (I/O) Management: Input-Output is essential to operate any computer. It allows computer to interact with several peripheral devices such as keyboard, mouse, printer, scanner etc. • 2) Security :The operating system of a computer has a number of built-in tools to protect against security threats such as viruses, unauthorized access, suspicious network activity etc.The basic security in a OS is to control access to your computer by setting users and password. • 3) Memory Management : S determines the amount of memory required for the program instruction and data.Then OS allocates required memory to load the program and data into RAM. When the program terminates it freeze up the space and new program is loaded. • 4) Data Management : Data management allows organizing their data into logical grouping called files. Earlier Operating system does not provide features of data management. Hence, they were inflexible but nowadays, every operating system provide this feature.
- 6. • 5) Virtual Memory :Virtual memory is the feature of an operating system that allows a computer to compensate for shortage of physical memory by transferring temporary files from RAM to disk. • 6) Dead-Lock prevention : During processing a situation can arise in which a resources shared by two or more process cannot continue because the resources required by a process is held by other.This situation is known as dead lock. Operating system ensure prevention of deadlock by taking situation action by careful allocation of resources. • 7) Time sharing : The function of OS that involves CPU to allocate time in a number of user on same computer.This property generally found in network operating system such as windows NT. • ****** *****
- 7. • Types of operating software : i) On the basis of User Interface ( UI ) : 1) Character User Interface (CUI) : It is a type of operating system in which whole computer operates or depend upon the command issued by user. All the operations that take place in CUI have their own specific command. Hence, they are known as Character User Interface. User have to remember all the command need to operate the computers. So, they are non user friendly. Only the people having technical knowledge would operate this type of operating system. Features of CUI : • It is single user and single tasking operating system. • Less user friendly than GUI. • Commands are used to instruct the computer. • User needs to remember the command for operating this system. • It cannot display graphics, icon, pictures and multimedia. • It is faster then GUI system • Pointing devices such as mouse, joystick, track-pad are not recognize. • It can be used in low memory and low processing computer.
- 8. • 2) Graphical User Interface (GUI) : A GUI (graphical user interface) is a system of interactive visual components for computer software. Since, user doesn't have to remember a single command, every user without technical knowledge can also use this type of OS. Due to user friendly interface, they are simple to use and widely used for domestic application.The goal of graphical operating system is to create a system that the computer user can turn on and operate in right way without any training or by remembering commands. • Features of GUI : • It is user-friendly. So, it is easy to use. • User don't have to remember supports full multimedia and animation. • It requires larger memory for its processing. • GUI environments supports full multimedia and animation. • It can be used in network environment. • It is multi-tasking, multi-programming, multi-user operating system. • Every type of peripheral devices can be used.
- 9. • On the basis of processing : • 1) Multi-programming OS : Multi-programming is used in multi-user environment. It is the technique in which multiple user program are executed simultaneously by single processor. Multi-programming means when two or more than two program are provided to the CPU for processing or loaded in the internal storage of CPU at the same instant of time. From the loaded program once the portion of one program is executed and the portion of another program is executed and so on. • 2) Multi-tasking OS : Multi-tasking OS allows more than one program to run concurrently mainly in a single user system.These computer are capable of executing several tasks or program at the same time. Multi-tasking OS increase the productivity of the user by executing many task simultaneously. Some of the most common example are MS- Windows, Linux, MAC OS etc. • 3) Multiprocessing OS : Multi-processing system has more than one processor linked in a coordinated way. Multiprocessing OS supports running a program in more than one CPU. Generally, super server are especially designed to support multiple processor. Multi- processing concept is also known as parallel processing. It is more costly and complex technique than multi-programming which dramatically increase the program execution speed of computer.
- 10. • *****Multi-programming and multiprocessing are no the same concept. Multi- programming involves concurrent execution of two or more programs by a single CPU, whereas multi-processing involves two or more processor (CPU) for controlling the different activities or execution of many program simultaneously. ***** • 4) Time-Sharing OS : Time sharing is a technique which enable many people located in various terminal to use a particular computer system at a same time. Processors time which is shared among multiple user simultaneously is termed as time sharing. Multiple jobs are executed by the CPU by switching between then, but the switches occurs so frequently that user can receive a immediate response. • ThankYou