ComputerAppBasics MBA students for notes

MBA Dual semester I (Year Ist)
Computer Applications for Business
Subject Code : F270107T

SYLLABUS
Unit -I: Basics of Computers: Introduction, Evolution of Computers, Computer Generations,
Classification of Computers, Computer Applications. Computer Organization, Memory and Storage,
Central Processing Unit. Basic trouble shooting. Connecting a desktop, laptop to LCD, printer, etc
Unit -II: Computer Software: Introduction, System Software, Application Software, Software
Installing and Uninstalling, Booting, Software Development Steps, Programming Languages -
Classification of Programming Languages. Operating System - Introduction, Role and functions of
Operating System, Working Knowledge of GUI Based Operating System, Use of menus, tools and
commands of windows operating system, File Handling and Management.
Unit -III: Data organization and Data Base Management System: Data organization: Character,
field, record, file and database. Types of Data Processing Systems [Serial, Batch, Real-time, Online,
Centralized, Distributed], File Organizations [Sequential, Direct, Indexed-Sequential, Relative],
Traditional file organization Vs. Database File organization. Data Base Management System:
Concept of Data Base Management System, Important terms of Database [including Entity,
Attribute, Primary Key, Foreign Key, Candidate Key, Referential integrity, Table, Views, Data
Dictionary]. Types of database [hierarchical, network and relational]. Basic ideas of Data Warehouse
and Data mining.
Unit -IV: Computer Networks: Overview of Computer Network, Types of computer networks (LAN,
WAN and MAN), Network topologies, Components of computer networks (servers, workstations,
network interface cards, hub, switches, cables, etc.) Internet and its Tools - Introduction, Internet
Evolution, Basic Internet Terminology, Data over Internet, Modes of Data Transmission, Types of
Networks, Types of Topologies, Protocols used in the Internet, Getting Connected to Internet
Applications, Internet Applications, Computer Ethics.
Unit -V: Emerging Trends in IT: Introduction, Electronic Commerce, Electronic Data Interchange,
Smart Cards, Mobile Communications, Internet Protocol TV

Unit -I:
Basics of Computers: Introduction,
Evolution of Computers, Computer Generations,
Classification of Computers,
Computer Applications.
Computer Organization,
Memory and Storage,
Central Processing Unit.
Basic trouble shooting.
Connecting a desktop,
Laptop to LCD, printer, etc

Basics of Computers: Introduction
A computer is an electronic device that can receive, store, process, and output data.
It is a machine that can perform a variety of tasks and operations, ranging from
simple calculations to complex simulations and artificial intelligence.
Computers consist of hardware components such as the central processing unit
(CPU), memory, storage devices, input/output devices, and peripherals, as well as
software components such as the operating system and applications.
The computer is a super-intelligent electronic device that can perform tasks, process
information, and store data. It takes the data as an input and processes that data to
perform tasks under the control of a program and produces the output. A computer
is like a personal assistant that follows instructions to get things done quickly and
accurately. It has memory to store information temporarily so that the computer can
quickly access it when needed.

Disadvantages of computer:
No IQ of its own, no emotions, no thinking ability, no feelings.
Virus and hacking attacks: A virus may be a worm and hacking is just unauthorized access
over a computer for a few illicit purposes. Viruses can go to another system from email
attachments, viewing an infected website advertisement, through removable devices like
USBs, etc.
Online Cyber Crimes: Online cyber-crime means computers and networks may have been
utilized in order to commit a crime. Cyberstalking and fraud are the points that come
under online cyber crimes.
Reduction in employed opportunity: Mainly past generation hasn’t used the pc or they
need the knowledge of computers they faced an enormous problem when computers
came into the field.
High Cost: Computers are expensive. Even the foremost affordable computers are still
very expensive for the typical person in South Africa. Since computers empower people.
Distractions/disruptions: If you’ve got ever spent hours browsing the web or watching
videos on YouTube, then you recognize how distracting computers can be! Because of
their high entertainment value.
Increases waste and impacts the environment: With the speed at that computer and
other electronics get replaced, all of the old devices that get thrown away have a big
impact on the environment.
Health Problems: Prolonged use of computers can lead to various health Hazards. Too
much sitting near the screen results in eye strain and drying up of the eyes. Also,
prolonged sitting leads to neck and back problems.

The history of computers can
be traced back to the 19th
century when mechanical
devices such as the Analytical
Engine and tabulating machines
were developed. However,
modern computers as we know
them today were developed in
the mid-20th century with the
invention of the transistor and
the development of integrated
circuits.
Today, computers are widely
used in various industries such
as education, finance,
healthcare, and entertainment,
and they have revolutionized
the way we live, work, and
communicate. They have also
given rise to a new era of
technology such as the
internet, cloud computing, and
mobile devices, which have
further transformed our daily
lives.

Computer Generations:
Generations of Computer: The modern computer took its shape with the arrival of your time.
It had been around the 16th century when the evolution of the computer started. The initial
computer faced many changes, obviously for the betterment. It continuously improved itself
in terms of speed, accuracy, size, and price to urge the form of the fashionable day computer.
Basic Terms Related to Computers
The basic terms related to generations of computers are listed below.
Vacuum Tube: Vacuum tubes have the functionality of controlling the flow of electronics in a
vacuum. Generally, it is used in switches, amplifiers, radios, televisions, etc.
Transistor: A transistor helps in controlling the flow of electricity in devices, it works as an
amplifier or a switch.
Integrated Circuit (IC): Integrated circuits are silicon chips that contain their circuit elements
like transistors, resistors, etc.
Microprocessors: Microprocessors are the components that contain the CPU and its circuits
and are present in the Integrated Circuit.
Central Processing Unit (CPU): The CPU is called the brain of the computer. CPU performs
processing and operations work.
Magnetic Drum: Magnetic Drum is like a cylinder that stores data and cylinder.
Magnetic Core: Magnetic cores are used to store information. These are arrays of small rings.
Machine Language: Machine Language is the language that a computer accepts (in the form
of binary digits). It is also called low-level programming language.
Memory: Memory is used to store data, information, and program in a computer.
Artificial Intelligence: Artificial Intelligence deals with creating intelligent machines and
behaviors.

Before the generation of computers, we used calculators,
spreadsheets, and computer algebra systems, mathematicians and
inventors searched for solutions to ease the burden of calculation.
Generations of
Computer
Time-Period Evolving Hardware
First Generation 1940s – 1950s Vacuum Tube Based
Second Generation 1950s – 1960s Transistor Based
Third Generation 1960s – 1970s Integrated Circuit Based
Fourth Generation 1970s – Present Microprocessor Based
Fifth Generation Present – Future Artificial Intelligence
Based

Characteristics Components
Main electronic component Vacuum tube.
Programming language Machine language.
Main memory Magnetic tapes and magnetic drums.
Input/output devices Paper tape and punched cards.
Speed and size Very slow and very large (often taking
up an entire room).
Examples of the first generation IBM 650, IBM 701, ENIAC, UNIVAC1,
etc.
Characteristics of First-Generation Computers

Characteristics of Second-Generation
Computers
Main electronic component Transistor.
Programming language Machine language and assembly language.
Memory Magnetic core and magnetic tape/disk.
Input/output devices Magnetic tape and punched cards.
Power and size
Smaller in size, had low power consumption, and
generated less heat (in comparison with the first-
generation computers).
Examples of the second generation PDP-8, IBM1400 series, IBM 7090 and 7094,
UNIVAC 1107, CDC 3600, etc.

Characteristics of Third-Generation
Computers
Main electronic component Integrated circuits (ICs).
Programming language High-level language.
Memory Large magnetic core, magnetic tape/disk.
Input/output devices
Magnetic tape, monitor, keyboard, printer,
etc.
Examples of the third generation
IBM 360, IBM 370, PDP-11, NCR 395,
B6500, UNIVAC 1108, etc.

Characteristics of fourth-Generation Computers
Main electronic component
Very-large-scale integration (VLSI) and the
microprocessor (VLSI has thousands of transistors on a
single microchip).
Memory semiconductor memory (such as RAM, ROM, etc.).
Input/output devices
pointing devices, optical scanning, keyboard, monitor,
printer, etc.
Examples of the fourth generation
IBM PC, STAR 1000, APPLE II, Apple Macintosh, Alter
8800, etc.

Characteristics of Fifth-Generation Computers
Main electronic component
Based on artificial intelligence, uses the Ultra Large-Scale
Integration (ULSI) technology and parallel processing
method (ULSI has millions of transistors on a single
microchip and the Parallel processing method use two or
more microprocessors to run tasks simultaneously).
Language Understand natural language (human language).
Size Portable and small in size.
Input/output device
Trackpad (or touchpad), touchscreen, pen, speech input
(recognize voice/speech), light scanner, printer, keyboard,
monitor, mouse, etc.

Connecting a desktop, Laptop to LCD, printer, etc

ComputerAppBasics MBA students for notes

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