Concept Mapping of Photo Voices: Neighbourhood and Health

Concept mapping of photo voices:
Neighbourhood and health
Nasim Haque, MD, DrPH
Director, Community Health
Wellesley Institute, Toronto

Foundations of Research Course
York University Social Work Department

February 14, 2012

Feb 14, 2012| www.sjtinitiative.com

About St James Town Initiative

• SJT Initiative is a 5 year CBPR Initiative - Wellesley funded

• Research question: What are neighbourhood
implications on the health & well-being of immigrants?

• Results: Inform policy & support social change at
neighbourhood level

Feb 14, 2012| www.sjtinitiative.com 2

Strategies & Activities
Multi-Pronged Approach

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

Participatory Skill enhancing Student Work with SJT Initiative
research opportunities internships multiple website
stakeholders

Community Action SJT Residents Action Group

1) Photo Voice 2) Community Mapping 3) Concept Mapping
4) Focus groups/interviews 5) Survey (CAC)

14,666 Residents on 0.23 km2 of
Land
64,636 People / km2
(Unofficial Estimate: 25,000)
64% Immigrants
18 Aging High-Rise Buildings
Over 50 languages spoken
2/1
4 5/2
012

Examples from SJT Initiative

Research Question:

How your neighbourhood influences your and
your families health and wellbeing ?

2/15/2012 5

Use of Photographs in Concept Mapping

 Photovoice is a participatory qualitative methodology

 Concept Mapping is a quantitative participatory planning
tool

© The Wellesley Institute
www.wellesleyinstitute.com | www.sjtinitiative.com

What is Photovoice?
Economic Disparities

This tiny tunnel connects one of the poorest neighbourhoods in
Canada, St. James Town, to one of the most affluent, Rosedale. The
short journey of crossing the bridge is actually painful, arduous, and for
Photovoice asks you to take
the most part, impossible for the most, if not all, of the individuals living
photographs of things that are
in SJT. Despite being highlyand tell a
important to you – educated, newcomers have difficulty
gaining recognition, why these things are employment.
story about and consequently,
important. It can be used to
define problems that exist and
create solutions.

7

Why Photovoice?

• Non threatening method for research resistant community
• Not conceived as research
• Engage disadvantaged population (newcomers)
• Built trust and empower newcomer population
• Transfer ownership of the project to participants
• Help residents’ voices be heard by decision makers
• Understand residents perspectives on neighbourhood and
health through their lenses

8

A few examples of the range of
information that can be collected
using Photovoice technique...


These different flowers represent people from
different places and the vase represents this
country. If we arrange the flowers properly, they
turn into a beautiful flower arrangement. If people
of different backgrounds are given equal
opportunities and are accepted, everyone benefits.
2/15/2012 10

The picture shows a memorial of a residence of St. James Town whose life was
robbed off him last year due to gun violence. The person who murdered “Juice” is
yet to be found. It just comes to show that more security is needed in the area. A
lot of undercover police are the area dressing up as drug dealers or buyers but
they2/15/2012
are usually easily spotted and pin pointed. 11

February-15-12 | www.wellesleyinstitute.com 12

How much can we trust our food supply? We don’t only care about the
price of goods, we also pay attention to our health. We want to get good
service when we go to the supermarket.

2/15/2012 13

What is Concept Mapping

• Concept mapping is a systems method that
enables a group to describe its ideas on any topic
and represent these ideas visually in a map i.e. in a
shared conceptual framework

•This framework forms the basis for further value
analysis, planning, action, or evaluation
- Bill Trochim


Impact of
Through
CM Methodology Steps
neighbourhood
Photovoice on health &
Planning: Planners and keywellbeing
issue advisors 1. All photo cannot
be in one pile
develop a focus prompt and identify participants 2. Could not be into
a single pile
Idea Generation: Communities of interest and 3. not be in 2 piles
simultaneously
expertise are identified, and respond with 4. Not be any
miscellaneous
brainstormed ideas pile

Structuring: Communities of interest and expertise sort
and rate the results of the idea development, authoring the
structure and value domain of the issue
Representation: Compute the maps, pattern matches and
“go zones,” and prepare them for interpretation by
communities of interest.
Interpretation and Use: Strategies and tactics for action
follow directly from the interpretation of the results. Pattern
matches and go zones help build consensus on action.

Why we chose concept mapping?

• Systems based method that could retain
participatory & visual nature of the project
• To transform the visual cues into an
interconnected framework to guide program
planning
• To enable other residents to engage in discussions
about the perceived importance of those factors
and the potential for action to be taken to support
identified factors.

What is Concept Mapping of Photovoice ?

Ideas represented in 1. Relative importance
photographs… 2. Potential for action

…are sorted into groups…

… and rated on two
Decide how
to manage
multiple
tasks. Manage resources effectively.
20 4

Work
quickly
and
areas.
effectivel
y under
pressure
49

Organize the
work when
directions
are not
specific.
39


Use of Photographs in Concept Mapping

Project completed in 2 phases

1) Photovoice: 27 participants generated ideas through
pictures & stories focusing both on positive and
negative attributes of their neighbourhood

2) Concept Mapping: (PV=17 + 24 new) = 41participants

February-15-12 | www.wellesleyinstitute.com 18

Concept Mapping results
10. Safety 8. Improvement for Health
Concept Mapping 75 33 14 44
1518 32
64 43 48
58 16
takes the ideas of 40 54
38
66
49 71 46 34
24
individuals and 25 45
68 55 30
50
13
52
combines using 9. Need Social Support & Protection 12
5
42 7. Environment
multivariate 19 62
20 39 7

77 51
statistical methods 21 70
47
11 4
2 41
to form unique 76
73
72
visual 1 23
31
9
1. Education59 63 6
representations 10
27
69 37
8 53 74
67 5. Green Space
26 61 22 56
called Concept 17
36 35 28 57
Maps. 60
3. Society
65 29 3 6. Attractions
2. Sense of Pride

- MDS
- Hierarchical cluster analyses
19

The map shows all the elements in relation to
one another
Each point
75 represents one
3314 15
44
64 43 statement
58 48 18 32
16
38
54
40 66
49 71 46
24 34
13
45 50
25 68 55 30 52
12 5 42
•Smoker think it is ok to throw
20 39 7 cigarette ends where beautiful
19 62
77 51 flowers are blooming. We need
47 environmental trng. to show
21 70 11 4
2 41 people how imp. the environ. is
76
to health. (34)
73 72
1 23
31
59 9
27 63 8 6
53 74
10 69 37
22
61 56 67
26
36 17 35 28
60 57
65
3
29


Conceptually similar ideas are in close proximity

75 14 15
64 33 44
58 43 48 183216
38 66
54
40
49 46
24 71 13 34
50
25 45
68 55 30 52
12 5 42
20 39 7
19 62 51
77
47
21 70 2 11 4
41
76
73
1 23 72
31
59 9
27 63 8 6
53 74
10 69 37 67
26 22
61 56
36 17 35 28 57
60 65 3•
29
Smoker think it is ok to throw cigarette ends where beautiful
flowers are blooming. We need environmental trng. to show
people how imp. the environ. is to health. (34)

•Someone has dumped garbage on someone else’s bike. The public
needs to be aware of the garbage situation in SJT. There needs to be
more action taken to improve the environ. of our community (50)

Conceptually different ideas are further apart

“The Philosopher’s Stone” In this Although there are public garbage bins
wasteland of no opportunities, this is 75
the only chance of winning (19) 3314 15 in SJT, there are very few of them…(46)
44
64 43
58 48 18 32
16
38
54
40 66
49 71 46
24 34
13
45 50
25 68 55 30 52
12 5 42

20 39 7
19 62
77 51
47
21 70 11 4
2 41
76
73 72
1 23
31
59 9
27 63 8 6
53 74
10 69 37
22
61 56 67
26
36 17 35 28
60 57 We have more & more buildings but we
65
3
29 have less & less green space. It is easy
to take the green out of the city but it is
hard to get it back. (72)

The Emerging Structure:
the detailed ideas are organized into groups
10. 8. Improvement for Health
Safety

9. Need Social and Protection

1. Education 7. Environment

4. Lack of Maintenance and
Improvement

5. Green Space
6. Attractions
3. Society
2. Sense of Pride

…contains all the details and provides a conceptual framework.

Each cluster retains the details
The hopes and dreams of the residents could be
expressed in the development of a beautiful
common space tegether. A lush green urban
We live in such a crowded place and we don’t have space is the dream of everyone in SJT;
enough green space. Plants give us oxygen & give however this is difficult because residents do
us a beautiful visual sense as well. (76) not own this land or feel a sense of ownership.
(9)
This is a soothing sight for tired eyes,
an effective distraction from the barren
concrete jungle around...(6)

76
..... making SJT look beautiful and 72
Green Space
clean would make residents feel good
about themselves (53) 6
9

53 74
67

Green space is very important. The addition of
green space to a building can provide a sense of
community since tenants can get to know one
another as they enjoy this space together. This is
Allen gardens. Residents should not have to go
outside the community to find quality parks with
good amenities. (67)

A Shared Framework: regional view of CM

…complete with high-level domains and groups of characteristics. 26

27

Pattern Match: Average ratings of Clusters in
terms of Importance and Action
Importance Action Potential
4.12 3.51

Improvement for Health Society
Pattern Matching Safety
is a process that Environment
Improvement for Health

allows the Need Social & Protection
Sense of Pride
Environment
comparison of
Attractions
opinions or view to Safety
Green Space
determine the Education

Green Space Lack of Maintenance &Improvement
degree to which
Sense of Pride Attractions
groups or ideas
Lack of Maintenance Need Social and Protection
match or
Society Education
disconnect.
3.08
3.56
r = .12

© The Wellesley Institute * Absolute values for ratings range from 1-5

Go-Zones: Comparing Statements in a Cluster
r = .61
4.03
A Go-Zone 61 56

Low Importance
Report is a High Action Potential 17
37
62
22
15 16
32 12
bivariate 65
6714 42 13 44
29
4 27 39
710 54
16 28 23 3433 3138
scatter plot
Action Potential

3 41 63 18 66 71
50 49 48
3.29 25 3046
53
4311 69 245 58
21 64
that shows 36 26
35
47 52
72 74
75
55
70
20 68 408
76
how the 60
51 9 73
77 57 45

items in a Low Importance
2
High Importance
Low Action Potential Low Action
cluster are 19 Potential
59
related. 2.39
2.39 3.8 4.54
Importance

Value to both methods

Photovoice Concept Mapping
Explores the use of different Is a systems method and
input material provides additional structure

Provides an empowering way Enables the collective analysis
for marginalized populations of photographs
to participate
Helps organize further priority
and action

30

Report and Publication on
Integration of Concept Mapping & Photovoice: Understanding Immigant
Perceptions of Neighbourhood Influences on Health

www.sjtinitiative.com under PROJECTS (past)

Publication:
Journal: Family & Community Health
Vol. 33, No. 3, pp. 193–206

Concept Mapping of Photovoices: Sequencing and Integrating Methods to Understand Immigrants’
Perceptions of Neighborhood Influences on Health
Nasim Haque, MD, DrPH; Scott Rosas, PhD

This inquiry successfully sequenced and integrated 2 participatory research methods:
photovoice and concept mapping. In the photovoice phase, immigrant residents shared
perceptions and thoughts of their neighborhood through photographs and stories,
capturing neighborhood and action at multiple levels. characteristics that influence
their health and well-being. In the conceptmapping phase, active involvement of
immigrant residents was facilitated to systematically organize and build consensus
around the wide range of neighborhood factors identified from the photovoice work.
The combination of these 2 participatory methods resulted in a conceptual framework
of factors influencing immigrants’ health and well-being, whereas the photographs
with captions facilitated interpretation

SJT Residents at Work: Sorting the Photo Voice Photos


Examining the Relationships in the Concept Map


Community Forum and Expo
March 20, 2008


Youth Community Forum and Expo
August 17, 2010

2/15/2012 35

Toronto City Hall Photo Exhibit
September 23-26th 2008

Audience examining one of
SJT Working Group at City Hall the poster displays

2/15/2012 36

Toronto City Hall Photo Exhibit
September 23-26th 2008

Audience examining one of
SJT Working Group at City Hall the poster displays

2/15/2012 37

Acknowledgement

Scott Rosas : Senior Consultant, Concept Systems, Inc.
Estelle Sun : RA, Wellesley Institute
Ali Moallim: Community Leader, St. James Town
Sean McIntyre: Constituency Assistant to Area Councillor
St. James Town residents and
staff & colleagues at WI


THANK YOU
Please visit us at
www.sjtinitiative.com


Concept Mapping of Photo Voices: Neighbourhood and Health

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Concept Mapping of Photo Voices: Neighbourhood and Health