unit planning of a apartment
- 2. Introduction Defining the term home is not easy to do, but it is necessary. Would it not be more appropriate to assess the meaning of the noun home as a place covered by the verb live? Live refers to a refuge for the sensations, a place that provides mental comfort. Previous government standards described a minimum requirement for home building (entrance hall, lounge, kitchen, bathroom and toilet) that did not include certain use types. Connections or even separations might be observed due to work-related activities, entertainment, as well as cultural or even social environments. In many cases, these are purely functional forms which, due to work or leisure activities, might require nothing more than furnishing solutions, but the phenomenon of "abundance" design, which might have financial drawbacks over the lifetime of a given project, allows these spaces to be adapted for different uses over time.
- 3. Dimensions of residential spaces
- 7. Door
- 8. Placement of windows •Lower sills or windows without sills may be used where intensive visual contact is desired with the outdoors. This usually occurs in rooftop terraces or living room windows overlooking gardens. • Vertical surfaces, glass doors and windows, do not provide the interior with much lighting below 60-80 cm in height (unless the interior floor’s finish is reflective, which could be disturbing). •Some bands of furniture might be placed below parapet level (desks, kitchen units, etc.), but they should not be deeper than 75 cm, or it would be hard to reach the window handle.
- 9. • If built-in kitchens are placed below windows, sills should not be lower than 120 cm (100 cm in some cases) as side hung windows will interfere with activities on the worktop. • Bathrooms and toilets often have higher sill levels to prevent people from looking in. Windows might also have opaque glazing (e.g., cathedral glass and sand blasted glass), but this is often detrimental to the elevational treatment. It is advisable not to place bathtubs in front of windows, especially with high sills, as they are hard to open without specialized handle systems. • Window sizes and placement often create problems when designing a building’s elevations. A single window might have a negative impact on the rhythm or proportion of a building’s elevational treatment. It falls upon the architect to balance these problems and solve the design, often leading to the redesign of an entire room, to create a positive elevation. That is why it is advisable to consider the design of elevations when beginning the very first sketch plan.
- 10. • For smaller apartments, a minimum 18 m² is recommended. In homes for 3 or more people, a lower limit of 20 m² will suffice. Room width or depth is best kept to a minimum of 3.60 m. • In smaller homes of 1-2 persons, it is possible to use the living room as a sleeping area. In some cases , it is inevitable that the living room will be used as a sleeping area when the number of bedrooms is not enough for the whole family. In this case, the living room must be separable, even from the kitchen and dining room. LIVING ROOM DESIGN
- 11. Dining requirements • The dining table rarely functions as a place for meals. It often serves as a place for playing cards and board games, or for smaller children to draw in close proximity to their mother. • Recommend that seating allow for two extra places (for guests) in addition to the actual occupancy number. • In larger homes (more than 2- person), it is not possible to have a dining area in the living room when the living room is also used as a sleeping area. • There should be no steps between the dining area and kitchen • The dining area can be used as a general circulation area.
- 12. Bedroom design • Bedrooms should have max privacy. • Beds narrower than 180cm and double beds can be used only for a certain period of life so its better to avoid such furnishes. • Do not place beds directly under windows and, if possible, not along external walls. Direct proximity to radiant surfaces and radiators also interferes with sleep patterns, so try to avoid this, too. • Each person should be provided with a bed, 90 x 200 cm (plan area). To the side of each bed, provide at least 45 x 45 cm (plan area) and maximum 75-cm-high storage area (low cabinet, shelf, table, etc.). • The master bedroom bed should be min 180 x 200 cm, which should be accessed along both long sides.
- 13. • Beds used by other family members or siblings should not be connected along the longer side. Where a home can provide for only one bedroom, this should be a double or master bedroom. The beds should be arranged in such a way as to avoid inconvenience, damage to health, and surfaces that are radiant, hot or cold. • Any area within the home that is dedicated to the purpose of sleep should have a minimum volume of 15 m³ per person. (See Section 1.5.2.) Single bedrooms require a minimum floor area of 8m², double bedrooms 12m², both taking into account a minimum volume for ventilation purposes. • In larger homes of more than two occupants, the sleeping area should be acoustically separate, isolated from the rest of the domestic activities and not used as general circulation space, since this would disturb the purpose of sleep. • One- or two-occupant homes do allow for the possibility of providing a living / sleeping room. In larger than two occupancy homes, it is possible to use the living room as a sleeping area (although not for children) as long as it is acoustically separate from other domestic functions (e.g., cooking and dining) and does not interfere with common pastimes, activities and welcoming guests. • The kitchen should be located to allow visual contact with children at play. Children feel comfortable if they are in contact with parents; therefore, try to place bedrooms within an earshot, and avoid placing them on separate levels or in opposite corners of the home.
- 14. Design of kitchen • The kitchen should be located such that it receives max lighting during the day when it is most used. • The most frequently used part of a kitchen is the space between the stove and sink. This should not be smaller than 60 x 60 cm. • Built-in components are coordinated to provide base units that are 60 cm deep and between 85-90 cm high. Wall mounted units, starting at a height of 135 cm from floor level, are usually 32-35 cm deep, the upper height not being fixed. The upper cabinets are used to store less used items. • A refrigerator should be located in the kitchen – not in the pantry, as this machine generates heat. Min plan area is 60 x 90 cm. • Collection of waste also becomes an important subject while designing a kitchen. • A single- or double-occupancy home requires a fitted kitchen width of at least 230 cm, and a family kitchen width of at least 270cm. In both cases, additional space is required for a refrigerator. It is strongly recommended that a family kitchen be 360 cm wide to allow for full furnishing excluding refrigeration. • U-shaped kitchen is the most efficient as traffic does not pass through the work area. the L-shaped unit has equipment along two walls with dining unit located in the opposite corner. The corridor type is convenient if there is very little traffic. In a family kitchen serving 4-5 people, it is strongly recommended that the total row of fitted units be at least 360 cm in length and 420 cm for higher occupancy, excluding refrigeration.
- 16. Spatial separation Spatial separation can occur as • Physical separation (air-tight walls or glass surfaces, air-tight doors) • Visual separation (non-transparent surfaces) • Acoustic separation (sound proof walls and doors) • Architectural separation (wherein a space located adjacent to another is differently executed, not physically, visually or acoustically, but by means of architectural language)
- 19. Bedroom examples
- 20. Proportional room percentage 2-room home 3-room home 4-room home 5-room home 6-room home Living room 67% 45% 40% 32% 30% Master bedroom 33 25 20 21 17 Dining room 22 20 19 17 Hall 8 6 6 6 Guest room or child’s room 14 14 11 10 Sun porch or nursery 8 9 Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
- 21. Approximate sizes of rooms of a fairly small house are given below. They may be changed freely. Living room-14 x 22 ft Dining room-12 x 14 ft Dining alcove-7 x 9 ft Kitchen-8 x 12 ft Bedroom-12 x 14 ft Study-10 x 12 ft Closets-2 x 4 ft Halls-4 ft wide Stairs-3.5 x 12 ft Bathroom-6 x 7 ft Utility-8 x 12 ft Garage-11 x 20 ft /18 x 20 ft
- 22. Furniture sizes Living room Sofa 3’ x 6’ Love seat 3’ x 4’ Coffee table 3’ x 5’ Bathroom Bathtub 2’6” x 5’ Toilet 1’6” x 2’ Shower 2’6” x 2’6” Dining room Rectangle table 3’6” Round table 5’ dia Side chair 1’6” x 1’6” Serving table 1’6” x 3’ Kitchen Sink 2’ x 4’ Range 26” x 44” Refrigerator 2’ x 3’ Bedroom Twin bed 3’3” x 6’ 6” Double bed 4’6” x 6’6” Dresser 1’6” x 3’6” Bed table 2’ x 2’ Chest 1’6” x 4’ Dressing table 1’6” x 3’ Side chair 1’6” x 1’6”
- 23. Ventilation • Effective open able area at least 5% of the total floor area • Windows should be equally distributed on the windward and leeward side. • Window on the windward side should be smaller than that on the leeward side for efficient circulation • For effective air flow the inlet window should allow the air flow at an angle of 45 degree. • Opening should be designed adjacent to each other.
- 24. Lighting
- 26. Building orientation • Building facing perpendicular to the wind direction is not so favourable • Building facing windward side inclined at an angle between 30-40 degree allows more airflow • Better air flow will be achieved if the partitions are nearer to outlet compared to the inlet • Airflow must be at the body flow level and this depends on the activity performed in the room. • Height at which the windows are placed affects the airflow • Internal partitions can deflect airflow for greater air movement Professional convention favours generally accepted guidelines that rooms be orientated as follows: •living room: south (south-west, west) •master bedroom: east (north-east) •additional bedrooms: east (south-east, south) •kitchen and pantry: north (north-east, north-west) •other rooms: neutral
- 27. Examples of connection between entrance, kitchen and living room
- 30. Examples of homes and their respective types according to market values