Conditional
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Conditional sentences, also known as conditional clauses or "if" clauses, are used to express that the action in the main clause can only take place if a certain condition in the "if" clause is fulfilled. There are three types of conditional sentences: Type I is used to talk about possible present or future events; Type II is used to talk about unlikely or impossible present or future events; Type III is used to talk about hypothetical or unlikely past events. Each type follows a specific verb tense pattern depending on whether the condition is real or unreal in the present, future, or past.
Conditional
- 1. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES/ IF-CLAUSES TYPE I, II AND III Conditional Sentences are also known as Conditional Clauses or If Clauses. They are used to express that the action in the main clause (without if) can only take place if a certain condition (in the clause with if) is fulfilled. There are three types of Conditional Sentences.
- 2. CONDITIONAL TYPE 0 >> ZERO CONDITION IF + SIMPLE PRESENT + SIMPLE PRESENT Used for scientific facts or general truths Examples: If you heat butter, it melts. If you put water in a cooler, it freezes. If you heat water to 100 degrees, it boils. If you cross an international date line, the time changes. If you drop ice in water, it floats. If iron gets wet, it rusts.
- 3. CONDITIONAL TYPE I >> FIRST CONDITIONAL Used to talk about things which are possible in the present or the future. It is generally used for things which may happen . a) IF + SIMPLE PRESENT + SIMPLE FUTURE If you study hard, you will pass your exams. If we do not protect the panda bears, they will soon become extinct. b) IMPERATIVE + OR / AND + SIMPLE FUTURE >>Used for threats and promises Don't say a word about this, or I will kill you. Finish your job, and you will have a bonus. c) IMPERATIVO + IF / IN CASE + SIMPLE PRESENT Contact me if you need any help. Call them in case you need help.
- 4. CONDITIONAL TYPE II >> SECOND CONDITIONAL Used to talk about things which are unreal (not true or not possible) in the present or the future. It is generally used for things which don't or won't happen. It is generally used for things which may happen. IF + SIMPLE PAST + SIMPLE CONDITIONAL If FIRST verb in the sentence is TO BE, WERE is used for all persons. If I were rich, I would buy a castle. If I were him, I would go and see a doctor. If elephants had wings, they would be able to fly.
- 5. CONDITIONAL TYPE III >> THIRD CONDITIONAL Used to talk about unreal situations in the past, that is, things which did not happen in the past IF + PAST PERFECT + CONDITIONAL PERFECT If FIRST verb in the sentence is TO BE, WERE is used for all persons. If I had known that you were sick, I would have gone to see you. The real situation was that I didn't know you were sick. So I say If I had known... When you are talking about the past, you use the Past Perfect (I had known) after IF. If you had saved your money, you could have bought a laptop. The real situation was that you didn't save your money. So they say If you had saved... When you are talking about the past, you use the Past Perfect (I had known) after IF. If you hadn't been late for work so often, they wouldn't have fired you. The real situation was that you wasn't early for work. So they say If you hadn't been late... When you are talking about the past, you use the Past Perfect (I had known) after IF.