Confined Space Training explaining hazards.ppt
- 1. Confined Spaces Confined Spaces Office of Environmental Health & Safety East Carolina University 210 East Fourth St. Greenville, NC 27858 (252) 328-6166 safety@ecu.edu
- 2. Rescuers Account Rescuers Account for Over 60% of for Over 60% of Confined Space Confined Space Fatalities Fatalities
- 3. Confined Space Tragedies Confined Space Tragedies o Three construction supervisors die Three construction supervisors die from asphyxiation in a manhole. from asphyxiation in a manhole. Oxygen levels 18.5 – 20 and Oxygen levels 18.5 – 20 and Methane levels 300 – 600 ppm Methane levels 300 – 600 ppm
- 4. Training Outline Training Outline o What is a Confined Space? What is a Confined Space? o Confined Spaces on Campus Confined Spaces on Campus o Confined Space Hazards Confined Space Hazards o PPE & Equipment Requirements PPE & Equipment Requirements o The Entry Permit The Entry Permit o Duties of Authorized Entrants, Attendants Duties of Authorized Entrants, Attendants and Entry Supervisor and Entry Supervisor o Rescue and Emergency Services Rescue and Emergency Services o Contractors Contractors
- 5. Regulatory Requirement Regulatory Requirement o OSHA 29 CFR 1910.146: Permit- OSHA 29 CFR 1910.146: Permit- Required Confined Spaces - (Jan 1993) Required Confined Spaces - (Jan 1993) o Identify Confined Spaces in Workplace Identify Confined Spaces in Workplace o Identify hazards in these spaces Identify hazards in these spaces o Identify procedures for controlling these Identify procedures for controlling these hazards hazards o Train employees on confined space entry Train employees on confined space entry o Keep records of compliance & training for all Keep records of compliance & training for all confined space activities confined space activities
- 6. What is a What is a Confined Space? Confined Space? o Large enough that an employee can Large enough that an employee can enter and perform assigned work enter and perform assigned work o Has limited or restricted means for Has limited or restricted means for entry or exit entry or exit o Not designed for continuous employee Not designed for continuous employee occupancy occupancy
- 7. Examples Examples o tanks tanks o pits pits o tunnels tunnels o vaults vaults o boilers boilers o sewers sewers o shafts shafts o ventilation ducts ventilation ducts o crawl spaces crawl spaces
- 8. Permit-Required Permit-Required Confined Space Confined Space o Contains or has the potential to contain a Contains or has the potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere o Contains a material that has the potential for Contains a material that has the potential for engulfing an entrant an entrant o Internal configuration that might cause Internal configuration that might cause entrant to be trapped or asphyxiated by entrant to be trapped or asphyxiated by inwardly converging walls or floor that or floor that slopes downward and tapers to a smaller slopes downward and tapers to a smaller cross section cross section o Contains any other recognized serious Contains any other recognized serious safety or health hazard
- 9. ECU Confined Spaces ECU Confined Spaces Main Campus Name Description Location Permit Required Space Boilers # 1-4 Boiler 14th St. Steam Plant Yes DA Tank Tank 14th St. Steam Plant Yes Condensate Tank Tank 14th St. Steam Plant Yes Steam Tunnel Manhole Main Campus Yes All Steam Manholes Manhole Main Campus Yes All Electrical Manholes Manhole Main Campus Yes All Sanitary Sewer Manholes Manhole Main Campus Yes All Storm Sewer Manholes Manhole Main Campus Yes Crawl Spaces Crawl Space Main Campus No Surge Tank Vault Student Rec Center No Steam Cloud Vault Joyner Library Plaza No
- 10. ECU Confined Spaces ECU Confined Spaces Health Sciences Campus Name Description Location Permit Required Space All Manholes Manhole HSC Yes All Storm Drain Lines Open Lines HSC No Backflow Vault - LSA #2 Vault HSC No Backflow Vault - behind Steam Plant Vault HSC No Boilers (#1, 2, & 3) Boiler Utility Plant Yes Incinerator (Upper & Lower Chambers) Chamber Utility Plant Yes DA Tank Tank Utility Plant Yes Pipe Chase by HVAC Office VS Utility Plant Yes High Voltage Under Main Switch Gear VT Utility Plant Yes Fume Exhaust Plenum Roof VB Brody Yes 8th Floor Mech. Rm P3 Exhaust Plenum VS Brody Yes Mech Rm 003 1st Floor Pit Biotech No Mech Rm 155 Tank Tank Warren Life Sciences Yes Mech Rm 155 Pit Pit Warren Life Sciences No Courtyard Steam Pit Pit Leo Jenkins Yes All Manholes and Pits Manhole West Research Yes
- 11. Atmospheric Hazards Atmospheric Hazards o Oxygen Levels Oxygen Levels - below 19.5 % - below 19.5 % or above 23.5% or above 23.5% o Flammable/Explosive Flammable/Explosive – exceeds 10% – exceeds 10% of Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) of Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) o Toxic Substances Toxic Substances – exceed – exceed Permissible Exposure Limits (PEL) Permissible Exposure Limits (PEL)
- 12. Oxygen Deficiency Oxygen Deficiency o Normal air contains 21% Oxygen (O Normal air contains 21% Oxygen (O2 2). ). An O An O2 2 level of 19.5% or less is considered level of 19.5% or less is considered O O2 2 deficient. deficient. o A reduction in O A reduction in O2 2 can be caused by can be caused by rusting, decomposition, or replacement rusting, decomposition, or replacement by another gas. by another gas. o Lack of O Lack of O2 2 can cause a person to collapse can cause a person to collapse and die. and die.
- 13. Oxygen Deficiency Oxygen Deficiency Oxygen Content (% by volume) Signs and Symptoms (at Atmospheric Pressure) 19.5% Minimum permissible levels that work can be performed without respirators. Below this level, workers shall be required to wear supplied air respirators. 17% Hypoxia symptoms, accelerated breathing and heart rate appear 14-16% Accelerated breathing, increased heart rate, poor muscular coordination, fatigue, impaired perception and judgment. 12% Unconsciousness without warning, poor judgment, blue lips 6-10% Nausea, vomiting, and unconsciousness; 8 minutes 100% fatal; 6 minutes, 50% fatal; 4-5 minutes, recovery with treatment. <6% Coma in 40 seconds, spasmatic breathing, convulsions, and death
- 14. Oxygen Enrichment Oxygen Enrichment o O O2 2 levels above 23.5% are considered levels above 23.5% are considered “Oxygen Enriched.” “Oxygen Enriched.” o Oxygen Enriched atmospheres create Oxygen Enriched atmospheres create fire and explosion hazards. fire and explosion hazards. o Cause flammable materials such as Cause flammable materials such as clothing to burn rapidly when ignited clothing to burn rapidly when ignited and may cause non-flammable materials and may cause non-flammable materials to ignite. to ignite.
- 15. Hydrogen Sulfide Exposure Hydrogen Sulfide Exposure Concentration Effect 1 ppm Smell of rotten egg 10 ppm 8 hr. TWA 15 ppm 15 min. STEL 100 ppm Lose sense of smell 300 ppm Loss of consciousness (approx. 20 min.) 1000 ppm Immediate respiratory arrest, loss of consciousness, followed by death
- 16. Carbon Monoxide Exposure Carbon Monoxide Exposure Concentration Effect 35 ppm 8 hr. TWA 200 ppm Ceiling, faint signs of discomfort may begin to appear 600 ppm Headache and discomfort after 1 hour 2500 ppm Loss of consciousness after approximately 30 minutes 4000 ppm Quickly fatal CO Poisoning can be reversed if caught in time.
- 17. Welding in Confined Spaces Welding in Confined Spaces o Continuous ventilation should Continuous ventilation should be provided in the confined be provided in the confined space. Pure oxygen should space. Pure oxygen should never be used for ventilation. never be used for ventilation. o Conduct continuous Conduct continuous monitoring throughout the monitoring throughout the entry to ensure that the area entry to ensure that the area remains safe for entrants. remains safe for entrants. o Gas cylinders and welding Gas cylinders and welding power sources should remain power sources should remain outside the confined space. outside the confined space. Remember to follow all Confined Space Entry and Welding Safety Guidelines
- 18. Physical Hazards Physical Hazards o Engulfment Engulfment o Temperature Extremes Temperature Extremes o Electrical Hazards Electrical Hazards o Noise Noise o Slippery Surfaces Slippery Surfaces
- 19. Entry Entry o "Entry" is when a person "Entry" is when a person passes through an passes through an opening into a permit- opening into a permit- required confined space required confined space o Any part of the entrant's Any part of the entrant's body breaks the plane of body breaks the plane of an opening into the an opening into the space space
- 20. Before Entry Before Entry o Ventilate, eliminate, or control Ventilate, eliminate, or control the space’s atmospheric the space’s atmospheric hazards hazards o Blind or disconnect and cap all Blind or disconnect and cap all input lines so that no input lines so that no hazardous materials can enter hazardous materials can enter the space the space o Lockout/Tagout Lockout/Tagout o When entrance covers are When entrance covers are removed, guard the opening removed, guard the opening immediately immediately
- 21. Atmospheric Monitoring Atmospheric Monitoring o Test permit space before Test permit space before entry entry o Periodically monitor permit Periodically monitor permit space to determine if entry space to determine if entry conditions are maintained conditions are maintained o Test all areas (top, middle, Test all areas (top, middle, & bottom) & bottom) o Observe status of existing Observe status of existing hazards and those created hazards and those created during entry operations during entry operations
- 22. Personal Protective Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Equipment (PPE) o Full-body Harness Full-body Harness o Respirator (half-mask, PAPR, Air-line Respirator (half-mask, PAPR, Air-line Respirator, etc.) Respirator, etc.) o Tyvek Suit Tyvek Suit o Gloves (Nitrile, Welding, etc.) Gloves (Nitrile, Welding, etc.) o Safety Glasses/Goggles Safety Glasses/Goggles
- 23. Equipment Requirements Equipment Requirements o Testing and monitoring Testing and monitoring equipment equipment o Ventilating equipment Ventilating equipment o Communications equipment Communications equipment o Lighting equipment Lighting equipment o Barriers Barriers o Equipment needed for safe entry Equipment needed for safe entry and exit and exit o Emergency equipment Emergency equipment o Other equipment for safe entry Other equipment for safe entry
- 24. The Entry Permit The Entry Permit o Permit must be completed Permit must be completed before entry is authorized before entry is authorized o Entry supervisor must sign Entry supervisor must sign the permit the permit o Permit must be made Permit must be made available at the time of entry available at the time of entry so entrants can confirm that so entrants can confirm that pre-entry preparations have pre-entry preparations have been completed been completed
- 25. The Entry Permit The Entry Permit o Duration may not exceed the time Duration may not exceed the time identified on the permit identified on the permit o Retain each canceled entry permit for Retain each canceled entry permit for at least 1 year to facilitate review of the at least 1 year to facilitate review of the program program o Problems encountered during entry Problems encountered during entry shall be noted on the permit so that shall be noted on the permit so that appropriate revisions can be made to appropriate revisions can be made to the program the program
- 27. Contents of The Entry Permit Contents of The Entry Permit 1. Permit space to be entered 1. Permit space to be entered 2. Purpose of the entry 2. Purpose of the entry 3. Date and the authorized duration of 3. Date and the authorized duration of the entry permit the entry permit 4. Authorized entrants 4. Authorized entrants 5. Attendants 5. Attendants 6. Entry supervisor with a space for the 6. Entry supervisor with a space for the signature signature
- 28. Contents of The Entry Permit Contents of The Entry Permit 7. Hazards of the permit space 7. Hazards of the permit space 8. Measures used to isolate the permit 8. Measures used to isolate the permit space and to eliminate or control permit space and to eliminate or control permit space hazards before entry space hazards before entry 9. Acceptable entry conditions 9. Acceptable entry conditions 10. Results of initial and periodic tests, 10. Results of initial and periodic tests, names or initials of the testers and names or initials of the testers and when the tests were performed when the tests were performed
- 29. Contents of The Entry Permit Contents of The Entry Permit 11. Rescue and emergency services 11. Rescue and emergency services 12. Communication procedures 12. Communication procedures 13. Equipment (personal protective 13. Equipment (personal protective equipment, testing equipment, equipment, testing equipment, communications equipment, alarm communications equipment, alarm systems, rescue equipment, etc.) systems, rescue equipment, etc.) 14. Any other information necessary in 14. Any other information necessary in order to ensure employee safety order to ensure employee safety
- 30. Duties of Authorized Duties of Authorized Entrants Entrants o Understand all potential hazards Understand all potential hazards o Know what equipment to use & how to Know what equipment to use & how to use it properly use it properly o Communicate with attendant regularly Communicate with attendant regularly o If the unexpected occurs – alert the If the unexpected occurs – alert the attendant attendant
- 31. Duties of Authorized Entrants Duties of Authorized Entrants EVACUATE the confined space when: o Order to evacuate is given by the Order to evacuate is given by the attendant or the entry supervisor attendant or the entry supervisor o Entrant recognizes any warning sign or Entrant recognizes any warning sign or symptom of exposure to a dangerous symptom of exposure to a dangerous situation situation o Evacuation alarm is activated Evacuation alarm is activated
- 32. Duties of Attendants Duties of Attendants o " "Attendant Attendant" - stationed " - stationed outside permit space; outside permit space; monitors entrants monitors entrants o Know the hazards Know the hazards including signs, symptoms including signs, symptoms and consequences of and consequences of exposure exposure o Continuously maintains Continuously maintains accurate count of entrants accurate count of entrants in permit space in permit space o Remains outside the permit Remains outside the permit space during entry until space during entry until relieved by another relieved by another attendant attendant
- 33. Duties of Attendants Duties of Attendants o Communicate with entrants to monitor Communicate with entrants to monitor entrant status and to alert entrants if the need entrant status and to alert entrants if the need to evacuate arises to evacuate arises o Monitor activities inside & outside the space Monitor activities inside & outside the space and keep unauthorized individuals away. and keep unauthorized individuals away. o Summon Emergency Services Summon Emergency Services o Perform non-entry rescues when Perform non-entry rescues when applicable and they have training applicable and they have training o Perform no duties that might interfere Perform no duties that might interfere with primary duty to monitor and protect with primary duty to monitor and protect entrants entrants
- 34. Duties of Entry Supervisor Duties of Entry Supervisor o " "Entry supervisor Entry supervisor" - person responsible for " - person responsible for determining if acceptable entry conditions determining if acceptable entry conditions are present, for authorizing entry, overseeing are present, for authorizing entry, overseeing entry operations, and for terminating entry entry operations, and for terminating entry as required as required o An entry supervisor also may serve as an An entry supervisor also may serve as an attendant or as an entrant, as long as that attendant or as an entrant, as long as that person is trained and equipped to do so person is trained and equipped to do so o Know the hazards including signs, Know the hazards including signs, symptoms, and consequences of exposure symptoms, and consequences of exposure
- 35. Duties of Entry Supervisor Duties of Entry Supervisor o Verify that the entry permit is Verify that the entry permit is complete, all tests have been complete, all tests have been conducted and all procedures and conducted and all procedures and equipment are in place before equipment are in place before allowing entry to begin allowing entry to begin o Verify that rescue services are Verify that rescue services are available and that the means for available and that the means for summoning them are operable summoning them are operable o Remove unauthorized individuals who Remove unauthorized individuals who enter or attempt to enter the space enter or attempt to enter the space
- 36. Rescue and Emergency Rescue and Emergency Services Services o Self-Rescue Self-Rescue o Non-entry Rescue Non-entry Rescue o Greenville Fire/Rescue – Call 911 Greenville Fire/Rescue – Call 911 o ECU shall inform GFR of the hazards they ECU shall inform GFR of the hazards they may encounter on site may encounter on site o Provide the rescue provider with access Provide the rescue provider with access to all permit spaces so they can develop to all permit spaces so they can develop rescue plans and practice rescue rescue plans and practice rescue operations operations
- 37. Rescue Equipment Rescue Equipment o Each entrant shall use a full body Each entrant shall use a full body harness (and a retrieval line if harness (and a retrieval line if feasible) feasible) o A mechanical retrieval device (Tripod) shall A mechanical retrieval device (Tripod) shall be available for vertical type permit spaces be available for vertical type permit spaces more than 5 feet deep more than 5 feet deep o Retrieval systems shall be used unless they Retrieval systems shall be used unless they increase the overall risk of entry or would increase the overall risk of entry or would not contribute to the rescue not contribute to the rescue
- 38. Program Review Program Review o Review entry operations when there is Review entry operations when there is reason to believe that measures taken may reason to believe that measures taken may not protect employees and revise the not protect employees and revise the program before subsequent entries program before subsequent entries o Review the permit space program annually Review the permit space program annually and revise the program as necessary to and revise the program as necessary to ensure that employees participating in entry ensure that employees participating in entry operations are protected operations are protected o If you have any questions, concerns, or If you have any questions, concerns, or recommendations let your supervisor and/or recommendations let your supervisor and/or EH&S know. EH&S know.
- 39. ECU Shall… ECU Shall… o Inform contractor that workplace contains Inform contractor that workplace contains permit spaces and entry is allowed only in permit spaces and entry is allowed only in compliance with permit space program compliance with permit space program o Inform contractor of the hazards that make Inform contractor of the hazards that make the space a permit space the space a permit space o Inform contractor of precautions for the Inform contractor of precautions for the protection of employees in or near permit protection of employees in or near permit spaces where they will be working spaces where they will be working o Coordinate entry operations with the Coordinate entry operations with the contractor, when both University personnel contractor, when both University personnel and contractor personnel will be working in or and contractor personnel will be working in or near permit spaces. near permit spaces.
- 40. Contractors Shall… Contractors Shall… o All contractors performing work in Confined All contractors performing work in Confined Spaces on ECU Campus Spaces on ECU Campus must must have a Confined have a Confined Space Program. Space Program. o Contractors Contractors must must have their own equipment have their own equipment including monitoring device and rescue including monitoring device and rescue equipment. equipment. o Coordinate with employer when both host Coordinate with employer when both host personnel and contractor personnel will be personnel and contractor personnel will be working in or near spaces working in or near spaces o Debrief employer at the conclusion of entry Debrief employer at the conclusion of entry o Contractor shall inform the employer of the of Contractor shall inform the employer of the of any hazards confronted or created any hazards confronted or created
- 42. Quiz Quiz
- 43. 1. Which of the following is not a Confined Space? 1. Which of the following is not a Confined Space? A. Boiler A. Boiler B. Manhole B. Manhole C. Tank C. Tank D. Small Mechanical Room D. Small Mechanical Room 2. The leading cause of death in confined spaces accidents is 2. The leading cause of death in confined spaces accidents is A. Asphyxiation A. Asphyxiation B. Burns B. Burns C. Electrocution C. Electrocution D. Falls D. Falls 3. The higher the O 3. The higher the O2 2 level inside the space the better. level inside the space the better. (True/False) (True/False)
- 44. 4. If you need to enter a space briefly “just to take a quick look,” you 4. If you need to enter a space briefly “just to take a quick look,” you do not need a permit. (True/False) do not need a permit. (True/False) 5. 5. One of the characteristics of a confined space is that it is not designed for people to work in continuously. (True/False) 6. It is OK for the Attendant to go to the shop for supplies/parts as 6. It is OK for the Attendant to go to the shop for supplies/parts as long as the monitoring results are within acceptable limits. long as the monitoring results are within acceptable limits. (True/False) (True/False) 7. If you get a permit for a particular confined space for one day, but don’t use it; you can save it for the next time you need to enter that space. (True/False)
- 45. 8. Atmospheric testing of the confined space must be done at the______. A. Top B. Middle C. Bottom D. All of the above. 9. When welding in a confined space… A. EH&S must be notified when permit is requested B. Pure O2 should be used to ventilate the space C. All Welding Safety as well as Confined Space Guidelines should be followed D. A & C only E. All of the above
- 46. 10. When a contractor is working in a confined space on campus… A. The contractor must have their own CS Program B. The contractor should be prevented from entering the space if they do not have all the necessary equipment C. If a contractor is entering the space with ECU employees; it is OK for the ECU employee to monitor for all entrants D. A & B Only E. All of the above