![Local area network
A local area network (LAN) is a computer network
covering a small physical area, like a home, office, or
small group of buildings, such as a school, or an
airport. Current wired LANs are most likely to be
based on Ethernet technology, although new
standards like ITU-T G.hn also provide a way to create
a wired LAN using existing home wires (coaxial cables,
phone lines and power lines)[2].](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/connectivityandtheinternet-230528234939-4c23d1d8/85/Connectivity-and-the-Internet-ppt-4-320.jpg)
Connectivity and the Internet.ppt
- 2. Connectivity β the capability of microcomputer to share information with other computers Network β communications system connecting two or more computers.
- 3. Personal area network A personal area network (PAN) is a computer network used for communication among computer devices close to one person. Some examples of devices that are used in a PAN are printers, fax machines, telephones, PDAs and scanners. The reach of a PAN is typically about 20-30 feet (approximately 6-9 meters), but this is expected to increase with technology improvements.
- 4. Local area network A local area network (LAN) is a computer network covering a small physical area, like a home, office, or small group of buildings, such as a school, or an airport. Current wired LANs are most likely to be based on Ethernet technology, although new standards like ITU-T G.hn also provide a way to create a wired LAN using existing home wires (coaxial cables, phone lines and power lines)[2].
- 5. Campus area network A campus area network (CAN) is a computer network made up of an interconnection of local area networks (LANs) within a limited geographical area. It can be considered one form of a metropolitan area network, specific to an academic setting.
- 6. Metropolitan area network A metropolitan area network (MAN) is a network that connects two or more local area networks or campus area networks together but does not extend beyond the boundaries of the immediate town/city. Routers, switches and hubs are connected to create a metropolitan area network.
- 7. Wide area network A wide area network (WAN) is a computer network that covers a broad area (i.e. any network whose communications links cross metropolitan, regional, or national boundaries ). Less formally, a WAN is a network that uses routers and public communications links .
- 8. ο The largest and most well-known example of a WAN is the Internet. A WAN is a data communications network that covers a relatively broad geographic area (i.e. one city to another and one country to another country) and that often uses transmission facilities provided by common carriers, such as telephone companies.
- 9. ο Largest network in the world ο Referred to as the Information Superhighway ο Connects millions of other people and organizations located throughout the world ο Physical network made up of wires, cables and satellites ο Web provides a multimedia interface to the numerous resources available on the Internet
- 10. ο Internet was launched in 1969 when U.S. funded and developed a national computer network called Advanced Research Project Agency Network (ARPANET) ο The internet then was all text β no graphics, animations, sounds or videos ο Web was introduced in 1992 at the Center for European Nuclear Research (CERN) in Switzerland.
- 11. ο Web provided a multimedia interface to resources available on the Internet ο Internet and Web evolved into one of the most powerful tools of the 21st century ο Being connected in the internet is often described as being online
- 12. Some Internet applications ο E-mail ο Web ο Instant messaging ο Remote login ο P2P file sharing ο Multi-user network games ο Streaming stored video clips ο Internet telephone ο Real-time video conference
- 13. Internet ο Internet: loosely hierarchical βnetwork of networksβ ο Major Components: Hosts, Routers, Communication links ο Protocols: for sending, receiving of msgs ο e.g., TCP, IP, HTTP, FTP, PPP local ISP company network regional ISP router workstation server mobile
- 14. Internet Service ο Communication infrastructure enables distributed applications: ο Web, email, games, e-commerce, file sharing ο Communication services provided to applications: ο Connectionless unreliable ο connection-oriented reliable
- 16. ο Most popular Internet activity ο Exchange e-mail with your family and friends almost anywhere in the world. ο Join and listen to discussions and debates on a wide variety of special-interest topics
- 17. ο Fastest-growing Internet applications ο Window shop, look for the latest fashions, search for bargains, and make purchases
- 18. ο Search for information became more convenient ο Access some of the worldβs largest libraries directly from your home computer ο Find the latest local, national ,and international news
- 19. ο Find music, movies, magazines and computer games ο Find live concerts, movie previews, book clubs, and interactive live games.
- 20. ο Take classes on almost any subject ο There are courses just for fun and there are courses for high school, college, and graduate school credit. ο Open University
- 21. ο Common way to access the Internet is through an Internet Service Provider (ISP) ο ISPs are already connected to the Internet and provide a path or connection for individuals and businesses to access the Internet
- 22. ο Programs that provide access to Web resources ο Connects you to remote computers, opens and transfers files, displays text and images and provides in one tool an uncomplicated interface to the Internet and Web documents ο Allows the user to explore, or to surf, the Web by easily moving from one website to another. Examples: Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Safari, Opera, Google Chrome
- 23. (Universal) Uniform Resource Locator (URL) β location or address of the resources in the internet Parts of URL Protocols β rules for exchanging data between computers Domain name β name of the server the resource is located Top-Level Domain (TLD) β identifies the type of organization
- 24. Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) β programming language used in creating webpages and websites Hyperlinks β links that connect to other documents containing related information-text files, graphic images, audio and video clips. Applets β widely used to add interest and activity to a Web site by presenting animation, displaying graphics, providing interactive games, and much more.
- 25. TCP/IP - Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, the suite of communications protocols used to connect hosts on the Internet. TCP/IP uses several protocols, the two main ones being TCP and IP. TCP/IP is built into the UNIX operating system and is used by the Internet, making it the de facto standard for transmitting data over networks. Even network operating systems that have their own protocols, such as Netware, also support TCP/IP.
- 26. Network interface cards A network card, network adapter or NIC (network interface card) is a piece of computer hardware designed to allow computers to communicate over a computer network. It provides physical access to a networking medium and often provides a low-level addressing system through the use of MAC addresses.
- 27. Repeaters A repeater is an electronic device that receives a signal and retransmits it at a higher power level, or to the other side of an obstruction, so that the signal can cover longer distances without degradation. In most twisted pair Ethernet configurations, repeaters are required for cable which runs longer than 100 meters.
- 28. Hubs A hub contains multiple ports. When a packet arrives at one port, it is copied unmodified to all ports of the hub for transmission. The destination address in the frame is not changed to a broadcast address.
- 29. Routers Routers are networking devices that forward data packets between networks using headers and forwarding tables to determine the best path to forward the packets. Routers work at the network layer.