SlideShare a Scribd company logo

Constitution2

Download as PPT, PDF
M
mandrewmartin

The document discusses the motivations and events surrounding the Constitutional Convention of 1787. It summarizes that the Articles of Confederation were seen as ineffective, which led political and economic elites to call for a convention to overhaul the national government. The convention debated plans and reached compromises, ultimately producing the U.S. Constitution that was then ratified and implemented after significant debate between Federalists and Anti-Federalists.

1 of 150
Downloaded 41 times
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
The Constitution Andrew Martin University of Kentucky
Constitutional Convention Delegates met in Annapolis, Md. in 1786.
Constitutional Convention Delegates met in Annapolis, Md. in 1786. Only five states sent delegates.
Constitutional Convention Delegates met in Annapolis, Md. in 1786. Only five states sent delegates. Hamilton suggested another meeting in Philadelphia in 1787.
Constitutional Convention Delegates met in Annapolis, Md. in 1786. Only five states sent delegates. Hamilton suggested another meeting in Philadelphia in 1787. Madison was able to secure Congress' approval.
Political motivations Political: The Articles of Confederation were ineffective and weak
Political motivations Political: The Articles of Confederation were ineffective and weak Shay's rebellion
Political motivations Political: The Articles of Confederation were ineffective and weak Shay's rebellion Revolutionary war debt
Political motivations Political: The Articles of Confederation were ineffective and weak Shay's rebellion Revolutionary war debt Unable to handle threats from foreign powers
Political motivations Political: The Articles of Confederation were ineffective and weak Shay's rebellion Revolutionary war debt Unable to handle threats from foreign powers Jefferson: “ an assembly of demi-gods ”
Economic motivations Done to financially benefit Founding Fathers Charles Beard, An Economic Interpretation of the Constitution of the United States , 1913
Economic motivations Done to financially benefit Founding Fathers Charles Beard, An Economic Interpretation of the Constitution of the United States , 1913 Policies of 1780s helped farmers and laborers, hurt business owners, bankers
Economic Events of 1780s Little protection for manufacturing sector
Economic Events of 1780s Little protection for manufacturing sector No protection of investment in western land
Economic Events of 1780s Little protection for manufacturing sector No protection of investment in western land American shipping was discriminated against by foreign countries
Economic Events of 1780s Little protection for manufacturing sector No protection of investment in western land American shipping was discriminated against by foreign countries Each state coining its own money, along with other laws, led to depreciation of currency and resulted in inflation
Economic Events of 1780s Little protection for manufacturing sector No protection of investment in western land American shipping was discriminated against by foreign countries Each state coining its own money, along with other laws, led to depreciation of currency and resulted in inflation “ stay laws” prevented foreclosure on farms
Economic Events of 1780s Little protection for manufacturing sector No protection of investment in western land American shipping was discriminated against by foreign countries Each state coining its own money, along with other laws, led to depreciation of currency and resulted in inflation “ stay laws” prevented foreclosure on farms “ tender laws” allowed farmers to pay loans with crops
The Constitutional Convention May-September 1787
The Constitutional Convention May-September 1787 Held in Philadelphia State House
The Constitutional Convention May-September 1787 Held in Philadelphia State House 55 men from 12 states (Rhode Island did not send delegates)
Occupations of Founding Fathers
Occupations of Founding Fathers 35 were lawyers or had some legal training
Occupations of Founding Fathers 35 were lawyers or had some legal training 13 were businessmen, merchants, or shippers
Occupations of Founding Fathers 35 were lawyers or had some legal training 13 were businessmen, merchants, or shippers 12 owned and managed slave plantations/farms
Occupations of Founding Fathers 35 were lawyers or had some legal training 13 were businessmen, merchants, or shippers 12 owned and managed slave plantations/farms 11 were major securities speculators
Occupations of Founding Fathers 35 were lawyers or had some legal training 13 were businessmen, merchants, or shippers 12 owned and managed slave plantations/farms 11 were major securities speculators 9 held public office
Occupations of Founding Fathers 35 were lawyers or had some legal training 13 were businessmen, merchants, or shippers 12 owned and managed slave plantations/farms 11 were major securities speculators 9 held public office 6 were major land speculators
Occupations of Founding Fathers 35 were lawyers or had some legal training 13 were businessmen, merchants, or shippers 12 owned and managed slave plantations/farms 11 were major securities speculators 9 held public office 6 were major land speculators 3 physicians
Occupations of Founding Fathers 35 were lawyers or had some legal training 13 were businessmen, merchants, or shippers 12 owned and managed slave plantations/farms 11 were major securities speculators 9 held public office 6 were major land speculators 3 physicians 2 scientists
Occupations of Founding Fathers 35 were lawyers or had some legal training 13 were businessmen, merchants, or shippers 12 owned and managed slave plantations/farms 11 were major securities speculators 9 held public office 6 were major land speculators 3 physicians 2 scientists 1 minister
Convention deliberation Stated purpose was to fix Articles of Confederation
Convention deliberation Stated purpose was to fix Articles of Confederation AOC were tossed on fourth day of deliberation
Convention deliberation Stated purpose was to fix Articles of Confederation AOC were tossed on fourth day of deliberation Deliberations were secretive
Convention deliberation Stated purpose was to fix Articles of Confederation AOC were tossed on fourth day of deliberation Deliberations were secretive Members sworn to secrecy
Convention deliberation Stated purpose was to fix Articles of Confederation AOC were tossed on fourth day of deliberation Deliberations were secretive Members sworn to secrecy Windows of Philadelphia State House were nailed shut
Convention deliberation Stated purpose was to fix Articles of Confederation AOC were tossed on fourth day of deliberation Deliberations were secretive Members sworn to secrecy Windows of Philadelphia State House were nailed shut Guards were posted to prevent others from hearing deliberations
Ratification Dropped unanimous consent requirement spelled out in AOC
Ratification Dropped unanimous consent requirement spelled out in AOC Done because Rhode Island, North Carolina expected to resist changes
Ratification Dropped unanimous consent requirement spelled out in AOC Done because Rhode Island, North Carolina expected to resist changes Nine states would have to ratify Constitution for it to take effect
Ratification Dropped unanimous consent requirement spelled out in AOC Done because Rhode Island, North Carolina expected to resist changes Nine states would have to ratify Constitution for it to take effect States would have to ratify, though no mention of elected state legislatures was made
Ratification Dropped unanimous consent requirement spelled out in AOC Done because Rhode Island, North Carolina expected to resist changes Nine states would have to ratify Constitution for it to take effect States would have to ratify, though no mention of elected state legislatures was made States held elections to select delegates to state constitutional conventions
Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists
Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists Federalists supported ratification of the Constitution
Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists Federalists supported ratification of the Constitution Anti-Federalists opposed ratification
Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists Federalists supported ratification of the Constitution Anti-Federalists opposed ratification Federalists won the day
Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists Federalists supported ratification of the Constitution Anti-Federalists opposed ratification Federalists won the day Constitution was signed by convention delegates September 17, 1787
Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists Federalists supported ratification of the Constitution Anti-Federalists opposed ratification. Federalists won the day Constitution was signed by convention delegates September 17, 1787 New Hampshire was 9th state to ratify it, putting it into law, June 21, 1788
Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists Federalists supported ratification of the Constitution Anti-Federalists opposed ratification. Federalists won the day Constitution was signed by convention delegates September 17, 1787 New Hampshire was 9th state to ratify it, putting it into law, June 21, 1788 Laws and gov't took effect March 4, 1789
Anti-Federalists Feared a federal government would not be responsive to citizens
Anti-Federalists Feared a federal government would not be responsive to citizens Worried that new executive would amass too much power
 
Anti-Federalists Feared a federal government would not be responsive to citizens Worried that new executive would amass too much power No protection of individual rights
Federalists Believed federal representative republic was possible, desirable
Federalists Believed federal representative republic was possible, desirable Federalists believed a large republic would prevent the tyranny of a majority.
Federalists Believed federal representative republic was possible, desirable Federalists believed a large republic would prevent the tyranny of a majority. Federalist No. 10
Federalists Believed federal representative republic was possible, desirable Federalists believed a large republic would prevent the tyranny of a majority. Federalist No. 10 Shared powers would give government the power to get things done, but prevent it from becoming too powerful
Competing Visions The Virginia Plan
Competing Visions The Virginia Plan Authored by James Madison
Competing Visions The Virginia Plan Authored by James Madison Favored larger states
Competing Visions The Virginia Plan Authored by James Madison Favored larger states Proposed bicameral legislature
Competing Visions The Virginia Plan Authored by James Madison Favored larger states Proposed bicameral legislature Representation in both based on population
Competing Visions The New Jersey Plan
Competing Visions The New Jersey Plan Offered as alternative to Virginia Plantation
Competing Visions The New Jersey Plan Offered as alternative to Virginia Plantation Favored smaller states
Competing Visions The New Jersey Plan Offered as alternative to Virginia Plantation Favored smaller states Proposed unicameral legislatures
Competing Visions The New Jersey Plan Offered as alternative to Virginia Plantation Favored smaller states Proposed unicameral legislatures One vote per state
Competing Visions Connecticut Compromise
Competing Visions Connecticut Compromise Two houses
Competing Visions Connecticut Compromise Two houses One proportional (House)
Competing Visions Connecticut Compromise Two houses One proportional (House) One equal votes for each state (Senate)
Slavery and the Constitution Issue of slavery never explicitly mentioned in Constitution
Slavery and the Constitution Issue of slavery never explicitly mentioned in Constitution Issue very contentious
Slavery and the Constitution Issue of slavery never explicitly mentioned in Constitution Issue very contentious Slaves and commerce compromise
Slavery and the Constitution Issue of slavery never explicitly mentioned in Constitution Issue very contentious Slaves and commerce compromise Northerners got tariffs on imported goods
Slavery and the Constitution Issue of slavery never explicitly mentioned in Constitution Issue very contentious Slaves and commerce compromise Northerners got tariffs on imported goods Southerners got protection against the outlaw of overseas slave trading until 1808.
Slavery and the Constitution Census to be taken every 10 years, would help determine the configuration of House districts
Slavery and the Constitution Census to be taken every 10 years, would help determine the configuration of House districts Slaves were to be counted as 3/5 person
Slavery and the Constitution Census to be taken every 10 years, would help determine the configuration of House districts Slaves were to be counted as 3/5 person Increased Southern population counts, and hence the South would have more seats in the U.S. House.
Compromise on enumerated rights The Federalists made a concession on individual rights, agreeing to amend the Constitution to include a list of individual safeguards.
Layout of the Constitution Article I (Legislative Branch) Article II (Executive Branch) Article III (Judicial Branch) Article IV (Relations between the States) Article V (Amendment Process) Article VI (Federal-State relations/Oath for Officers) Article VII (How Constitution will be ratified)
Separation of Powers Legislative Branch -- makes laws (Article I) Executive Branch -- enforces laws (Article II) Judicial Branch -- interprets laws, resolves disputes (Article III)
Presidential checks on Congress President can:
Presidential checks on Congress President can: Veto legislation
Presidential checks on Congress President can: Veto legislation Call special session
Presidential checks on Congress President can: Veto legislation Call special session Recommend legislation
Presidential checks on Congress President can: Veto legislation Call special session Recommend legislation Vice-President presides over Senate, casts tie-breaking votes
Presidential checks on judiciary President can:
Presidential checks on judiciary President can: Nominate federal judges
Presidential checks on judiciary President can: Nominate federal judges Pardon persons convicted by federal courts
Congressional checks on President Congress can:
Congressional checks on President Congress can: Override presidential veto (2/3 majority)
Congressional checks on President Congress can: Override presidential veto (2/3 majority) Impeach and remove president
Congressional checks on President Congress can: Override presidential veto (2/3 majority) Impeach and remove president Reject presidential appointees (Senate)
Congressional checks on President Congress can: Override presidential veto (2/3 majority) Impeach and remove president Reject presidential appointees (Senate) Refuse ratification of treaties (Senate)
Congressional checks on President Congress can: Override presidential veto (2/3 majority) Impeach and remove president Reject presidential appointees (Senate) Refuse ratification of treaties (Senate) Reject president's request for laws and funds
Congressional checks on President Congress can: Override presidential veto (2/3 majority) Impeach and remove president Reject presidential appointees (Senate) Refuse ratification of treaties (Senate) Reject president's request for laws and funds Investigate president's actions
Congressional checks on judiciary Congress can:
Congressional checks on judiciary Congress can: Reject judicial nominees to federal bench
Congressional checks on judiciary Congress can: Reject judicial nominees to federal bench Create lower federal courts
Congressional checks on judiciary Congress can: Reject judicial nominees to federal bench Create lower federal courts Amend laws to change judicial interpretation
Congressional checks on judiciary Congress can: Reject judicial nominees to federal bench Create lower federal courts Amend laws to change judicial interpretation Propose constitutional amendments
Judicial checks on Congress, president Can declare laws passed by Congress unconstitutional
Judicial checks on Congress, president Can declare laws passed by Congress unconstitutional Can declare acts of the president/administration unconstitutional
Federalism (Article VI) Divides power between federal and state governments.
Federalism (Article VI) Divides power between federal and state governments. Powers of the federal government are explicitly defined are known as expressed powers.
Federalism (Article VI) Divides power between federal and state governments. Powers of the federal government are explicitly defined are known as expressed powers. Originally, focus of nat'l government was to be foreign affairs, nat'l security and commerce
Federalism (Article VI) Divides power between federal and state governments. Powers of the federal government are explicitly defined are known as expressed powers. Originally, focus of nat'l government was to be foreign affairs, nat'l security and commerce "Necessary and proper" clause, subsequent amendments allowed federal gov't influence to grow
Federalism State Governments
Federalism State Governments Intended to look after health, safety and well-being of the people
Federalism State Governments Intended to look after health, safety and well-being of the people Powers known as police powers
State reciprocity (Article IV) Full faith and credit clause
State reciprocity (Article IV) Full faith and credit clause Each state must accept legal proceedings of other states
State reciprocity (Article IV) Full faith and credit clause Each state must accept legal proceedings of other states Privileges and immunities clause
State reciprocity (Article IV) Full faith and credit clause Each state must accept legal proceedings of other states Privileges and immunities clause Mandates that out-of -state citizens enjoy legal rights of citizens in that state
Supremacy Clause Federal law supercedes state law (Article VI)
Amendments Proposing an amendment
Amendments Proposing an amendment Congress calls national convention at request of two-thirds of the states (rare)
Amendments Proposing an amendment Congress calls national convention at request of two-thirds of the states (rare) Two-thirds of Congress votes for proposed amendment (more common)
Amendments Ratifying an amendment
Amendments Ratifying an amendment Ratifying conventions in three-fourths of states (rare)
Amendments Ratifying an amendment Ratifying conventions in three-fourths of states (rare) Three-fourths of state legislatures approve (more common)
Bill of Rights Background
Bill of Rights Background Ratified, 1791
Bill of Rights Background Ratified, 1791 Consists of first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution
Bill of Rights Background Ratified, 1791 Consists of first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution Foundation for civil liberties/civil rights in United States
Bill of Rights Safeguards of personal and political freedom:
Bill of Rights Safeguards of personal and political freedom: 1. Freedom of speech, press, religion (two parts), right to assemble peacefully
Bill of Rights Safeguards of personal and political freedom: 1. Freedom of speech, press, religion (two parts), right to assemble peacefully 2. Right to keep and bear arms
Bill of Rights Protection against British occupation 3. Protection against quartering of troops in private homes
Bill of Rights Safeguards in judicial process:
Bill of Rights Safeguards in judicial process: 4. Protection against unreasonable search and seizures.
Bill of Rights Safeguards in judicial process: 4. Protection against unreasonable search and seizures. 5. Guarantees of:
Bill of Rights Safeguards in judicial process: 4. Protection against unreasonable search and seizures. 5. Guarantees of: grand jury for capital crimes
Bill of Rights Safeguards in judicial process: 4. Protection against unreasonable search and seizures. 5. Guarantees of: grand jury for capital crimes no double jeopardy
Bill of Rights Safeguards in judicial process: 4. Protection against unreasonable search and seizures. 5. Guarantees of: grand jury for capital crimes no double jeopardy no self-incrimination
Bill of Rights Safeguards in judicial process: 4. Protection against unreasonable search and seizures. 5. Guarantees of: grand jury for capital crimes no double jeopardy no self-incrimination no deprivation of life or property without "due process of law"
Bill of Rights Safeguards in judicial process: 4. Protection against unreasonable search and seizures. 5. Guarantees of: grand jury for capital crimes no double jeopardy no self-incrimination no deprivation of life or property without "due process of law" no taking of property without just compensation
Bill of Rights Safeguards in judicial process: 6. Guarantees of:
Bill of Rights Safeguards in judicial process: 6. Guarantees of: speedy, public trial
Bill of Rights Safeguards in judicial process: 6. Guarantees of: speedy, public trial to be informed of nature of charges
Bill of Rights Safeguards in judicial process: 6. Guarantees of: speedy, public trial to be informed of nature of charges to confront witnesses
Bill of Rights Safeguards in judicial process: 6. Guarantees of: speedy, public trial to be informed of nature of charges to confront witnesses to compel witnesses to appear in one's defense
Bill of Rights Safeguards in judicial process: 6. Guarantees of: speedy, public trial to be informed of nature of charges to confront witnesses to compel witnesses to appear in one's defense right to legal counsel
Bill of Rights Safeguards in judicial process: 6. Guarantees of: speedy, public trial to be informed of nature of charges to confront witnesses to compel witnesses to appear in one's defense right to legal counsel 7. Guarantee of trial by jury of one's peers
Bill of Rights Safeguards in judicial process: 6. Guarantees of: speedy, public trial to be informed of nature of charges to confront witnesses to compel witnesses to appear in one's defense right to legal counsel 7. Guarantee of trial by jury of one's peers 8. Guarantees against:
Bill of Rights Safeguards in judicial process: 6. Guarantees of: speedy, public trial to be informed of nature of charges to confront witnesses to compel witnesses to appear in one's defense right to legal counsel 7. Guarantee of trial by jury of one's peers 8. Guarantees against: cruel and unusual punishment, excessive bail
Bill of Rights Description of unenumerated rights and reserved powers:
Bill of Rights Description of unenumerated rights and reserved powers: 9. Assurance that rights not listed for protection against the power of the central government are reserved to the people.
Bill of Rights Description of unenumerated rights and reserved powers: 9. Assurance that rights not listed for protection against the power of the central government are reserved to the people. 10. Assurance that the powers not delegated to the central government are reserved to the states or to the people.

More Related Content

PPT
Drafting a constitution
waldinagomez
 
PPT
Sedition 2008
History360
 
PDF
Constitutional Convention
Terry History
 
PPT
Articles Intro
History360
 
PPTX
Govt 2305-Ch_2
Rick Fair
 
ODP
Week 4.3 ratification controversy
neeason
 
PPT
Constitutional Convention Powerpoint
karaking
 
PDF
Forming A New Govt Review
Anthony Armstrong
 
Drafting a constitution
waldinagomez
 
Sedition 2008
History360
 
Constitutional Convention
Terry History
 
Articles Intro
History360
 
Govt 2305-Ch_2
Rick Fair
 
Week 4.3 ratification controversy
neeason
 
Constitutional Convention Powerpoint
karaking
 
Forming A New Govt Review
Anthony Armstrong
 

What's hot (20)

PPTX
U.S. Government -- Chater 2,Section 4 "Creating the Constitution"
CarmichaelWCHS
 
PPTX
Ap gov final project
powell821214
 
PPTX
U.S. Government -- Chater 2,Section 5 "Ratifying the Constitution"
CarmichaelWCHS
 
PPTX
Ssush05 2011
astallings
 
PPT
(1) background to american history
reghistory
 
PPT
Building The New American Nation131
grieffel
 
PPTX
Constitutional Convention 1787
cortezushistory
 
PDF
Forming a Gov't:Sec-1&2 Keynote
Anthony Armstrong
 
PPTX
The First President
Blake Harris
 
PPTX
The First National Government, 1777 1789
afrancksjrcs
 
DOC
President reading 2015
Fredrick Smith
 
PPTX
U.S. Government -- Chapter 2, Section 3 "The Critical Period"
CarmichaelWCHS
 
PPTX
US History Chapter 7
Ricard Academy
 
PPTX
2 constitution 2 classes
Sacred Heart University, Department of Government and Politics
 
PPT
Constitutional Convention
kbeacom
 
PPTX
Progressive Presidents
CArndt13
 
PPT
A c 2 us chapter 2a
Sandra Waters
 
PPT
Constitutional Convention
Kyle Davoust
 
PPT
3 Compromises at the Constitutional Convention
John
 
PPTX
Constitutional Convention Project
bwarren0209
 
U.S. Government -- Chater 2,Section 4 "Creating the Constitution"
CarmichaelWCHS
 
Ap gov final project
powell821214
 
U.S. Government -- Chater 2,Section 5 "Ratifying the Constitution"
CarmichaelWCHS
 
Ssush05 2011
astallings
 
(1) background to american history
reghistory
 
Building The New American Nation131
grieffel
 
Constitutional Convention 1787
cortezushistory
 
Forming a Gov't:Sec-1&2 Keynote
Anthony Armstrong
 
The First President
Blake Harris
 
The First National Government, 1777 1789
afrancksjrcs
 
President reading 2015
Fredrick Smith
 
U.S. Government -- Chapter 2, Section 3 "The Critical Period"
CarmichaelWCHS
 
US History Chapter 7
Ricard Academy
 
2 constitution 2 classes
Sacred Heart University, Department of Government and Politics
 
Constitutional Convention
kbeacom
 
Progressive Presidents
CArndt13
 
A c 2 us chapter 2a
Sandra Waters
 
Constitutional Convention
Kyle Davoust
 
3 Compromises at the Constitutional Convention
John
 
Constitutional Convention Project
bwarren0209
 
Ad

Similar to Constitution2 (20)

PPTX
Reading the Declaration of Independence
Amy LC
 
PPT
The united states constitution
phillipgrogers
 
PPT
Unit 2 Foundations Of American Government
jtrcka
 
PPTX
Early National
Mrs. Sharbs
 
PPT
Origins of us govt part 5
Mr. Fields' Class
 
PPTX
02 - Founding and the Constitution
profseitz
 
PPT
Political philosophy behind Constitution, Federalist Papers, and Leaders
freealan
 
PPT
A more perfect union
bstafford
 
PPT
Unit 2 honors
Fredrick Smith
 
PPT
Constitution Day
dlepse
 
ODP
Week 4.1 articles of confederation
neeason
 
PPTX
Constitutions upload
klstar1
 
PPTX
Origins of the american government ppt (1)
locmajiant827
 
PPTX
Origins of the american government ppt
locmajiant827
 
PPTX
Creating agovernment1
historyhokie
 
PPT
Constitution Convention Project
Zach Heming
 
PPT
The us constitution power point
Shamori Williams
 
PPTX
American history
Annika Bergström
 
PPT
Chapter2
tonybartl
 
PPT
The Constitution
Christopher Rice
 
Reading the Declaration of Independence
Amy LC
 
The united states constitution
phillipgrogers
 
Unit 2 Foundations Of American Government
jtrcka
 
Early National
Mrs. Sharbs
 
Origins of us govt part 5
Mr. Fields' Class
 
02 - Founding and the Constitution
profseitz
 
Political philosophy behind Constitution, Federalist Papers, and Leaders
freealan
 
A more perfect union
bstafford
 
Unit 2 honors
Fredrick Smith
 
Constitution Day
dlepse
 
Week 4.1 articles of confederation
neeason
 
Constitutions upload
klstar1
 
Origins of the american government ppt (1)
locmajiant827
 
Origins of the american government ppt
locmajiant827
 
Creating agovernment1
historyhokie
 
Constitution Convention Project
Zach Heming
 
The us constitution power point
Shamori Williams
 
American history
Annika Bergström
 
Chapter2
tonybartl
 
The Constitution
Christopher Rice
 
Ad

More from mandrewmartin (20)

PPT
Regression
mandrewmartin
 
PPT
Diffmeans
mandrewmartin
 
PPT
More tabs
mandrewmartin
 
PPT
Crosstabs
mandrewmartin
 
PPT
Statisticalrelationships
mandrewmartin
 
PPT
Statistics 091208004734-phpapp01 (1)
mandrewmartin
 
PPT
Morestatistics22 091208004743-phpapp01
mandrewmartin
 
PPT
Week 7 - sampling
mandrewmartin
 
PPT
Research design pt. 2
mandrewmartin
 
PPT
Research design
mandrewmartin
 
PPT
Measurement pt. 2
mandrewmartin
 
PPT
Measurement
mandrewmartin
 
PPT
Introduction
mandrewmartin
 
PPT
Building blocks of scientific research
mandrewmartin
 
PPT
Studying politics scientifically
mandrewmartin
 
PPT
Berry et al
mandrewmartin
 
PPT
Chapter 11 Psrm
mandrewmartin
 
PPT
Week 7 Sampling
mandrewmartin
 
PPT
Stats Intro Ps 372
mandrewmartin
 
PPT
Statistics
mandrewmartin
 
Regression
mandrewmartin
 
Diffmeans
mandrewmartin
 
More tabs
mandrewmartin
 
Crosstabs
mandrewmartin
 
Statisticalrelationships
mandrewmartin
 
Statistics 091208004734-phpapp01 (1)
mandrewmartin
 
Morestatistics22 091208004743-phpapp01
mandrewmartin
 
Week 7 - sampling
mandrewmartin
 
Research design pt. 2
mandrewmartin
 
Research design
mandrewmartin
 
Measurement pt. 2
mandrewmartin
 
Measurement
mandrewmartin
 
Introduction
mandrewmartin
 
Building blocks of scientific research
mandrewmartin
 
Studying politics scientifically
mandrewmartin
 
Berry et al
mandrewmartin
 
Chapter 11 Psrm
mandrewmartin
 
Week 7 Sampling
mandrewmartin
 
Stats Intro Ps 372
mandrewmartin
 
Statistics
mandrewmartin
 

Constitution2

  • 1. The Constitution Andrew Martin University of Kentucky
  • 2. Constitutional Convention Delegates met in Annapolis, Md. in 1786.
  • 3. Constitutional Convention Delegates met in Annapolis, Md. in 1786. Only five states sent delegates.
  • 4. Constitutional Convention Delegates met in Annapolis, Md. in 1786. Only five states sent delegates. Hamilton suggested another meeting in Philadelphia in 1787.
  • 5. Constitutional Convention Delegates met in Annapolis, Md. in 1786. Only five states sent delegates. Hamilton suggested another meeting in Philadelphia in 1787. Madison was able to secure Congress' approval.
  • 6. Political motivations Political: The Articles of Confederation were ineffective and weak
  • 7. Political motivations Political: The Articles of Confederation were ineffective and weak Shay's rebellion
  • 8. Political motivations Political: The Articles of Confederation were ineffective and weak Shay's rebellion Revolutionary war debt
  • 9. Political motivations Political: The Articles of Confederation were ineffective and weak Shay's rebellion Revolutionary war debt Unable to handle threats from foreign powers
  • 10. Political motivations Political: The Articles of Confederation were ineffective and weak Shay's rebellion Revolutionary war debt Unable to handle threats from foreign powers Jefferson: “ an assembly of demi-gods ”
  • 11. Economic motivations Done to financially benefit Founding Fathers Charles Beard, An Economic Interpretation of the Constitution of the United States , 1913
  • 12. Economic motivations Done to financially benefit Founding Fathers Charles Beard, An Economic Interpretation of the Constitution of the United States , 1913 Policies of 1780s helped farmers and laborers, hurt business owners, bankers
  • 13. Economic Events of 1780s Little protection for manufacturing sector
  • 14. Economic Events of 1780s Little protection for manufacturing sector No protection of investment in western land
  • 15. Economic Events of 1780s Little protection for manufacturing sector No protection of investment in western land American shipping was discriminated against by foreign countries
  • 16. Economic Events of 1780s Little protection for manufacturing sector No protection of investment in western land American shipping was discriminated against by foreign countries Each state coining its own money, along with other laws, led to depreciation of currency and resulted in inflation
  • 17. Economic Events of 1780s Little protection for manufacturing sector No protection of investment in western land American shipping was discriminated against by foreign countries Each state coining its own money, along with other laws, led to depreciation of currency and resulted in inflation “ stay laws” prevented foreclosure on farms
  • 18. Economic Events of 1780s Little protection for manufacturing sector No protection of investment in western land American shipping was discriminated against by foreign countries Each state coining its own money, along with other laws, led to depreciation of currency and resulted in inflation “ stay laws” prevented foreclosure on farms “ tender laws” allowed farmers to pay loans with crops
  • 19. The Constitutional Convention May-September 1787
  • 20. The Constitutional Convention May-September 1787 Held in Philadelphia State House
  • 21. The Constitutional Convention May-September 1787 Held in Philadelphia State House 55 men from 12 states (Rhode Island did not send delegates)
  • 23. Occupations of Founding Fathers 35 were lawyers or had some legal training
  • 24. Occupations of Founding Fathers 35 were lawyers or had some legal training 13 were businessmen, merchants, or shippers
  • 25. Occupations of Founding Fathers 35 were lawyers or had some legal training 13 were businessmen, merchants, or shippers 12 owned and managed slave plantations/farms
  • 26. Occupations of Founding Fathers 35 were lawyers or had some legal training 13 were businessmen, merchants, or shippers 12 owned and managed slave plantations/farms 11 were major securities speculators
  • 27. Occupations of Founding Fathers 35 were lawyers or had some legal training 13 were businessmen, merchants, or shippers 12 owned and managed slave plantations/farms 11 were major securities speculators 9 held public office
  • 28. Occupations of Founding Fathers 35 were lawyers or had some legal training 13 were businessmen, merchants, or shippers 12 owned and managed slave plantations/farms 11 were major securities speculators 9 held public office 6 were major land speculators
  • 29. Occupations of Founding Fathers 35 were lawyers or had some legal training 13 were businessmen, merchants, or shippers 12 owned and managed slave plantations/farms 11 were major securities speculators 9 held public office 6 were major land speculators 3 physicians
  • 30. Occupations of Founding Fathers 35 were lawyers or had some legal training 13 were businessmen, merchants, or shippers 12 owned and managed slave plantations/farms 11 were major securities speculators 9 held public office 6 were major land speculators 3 physicians 2 scientists
  • 31. Occupations of Founding Fathers 35 were lawyers or had some legal training 13 were businessmen, merchants, or shippers 12 owned and managed slave plantations/farms 11 were major securities speculators 9 held public office 6 were major land speculators 3 physicians 2 scientists 1 minister
  • 32. Convention deliberation Stated purpose was to fix Articles of Confederation
  • 33. Convention deliberation Stated purpose was to fix Articles of Confederation AOC were tossed on fourth day of deliberation
  • 34. Convention deliberation Stated purpose was to fix Articles of Confederation AOC were tossed on fourth day of deliberation Deliberations were secretive
  • 35. Convention deliberation Stated purpose was to fix Articles of Confederation AOC were tossed on fourth day of deliberation Deliberations were secretive Members sworn to secrecy
  • 36. Convention deliberation Stated purpose was to fix Articles of Confederation AOC were tossed on fourth day of deliberation Deliberations were secretive Members sworn to secrecy Windows of Philadelphia State House were nailed shut
  • 37. Convention deliberation Stated purpose was to fix Articles of Confederation AOC were tossed on fourth day of deliberation Deliberations were secretive Members sworn to secrecy Windows of Philadelphia State House were nailed shut Guards were posted to prevent others from hearing deliberations
  • 38. Ratification Dropped unanimous consent requirement spelled out in AOC
  • 39. Ratification Dropped unanimous consent requirement spelled out in AOC Done because Rhode Island, North Carolina expected to resist changes
  • 40. Ratification Dropped unanimous consent requirement spelled out in AOC Done because Rhode Island, North Carolina expected to resist changes Nine states would have to ratify Constitution for it to take effect
  • 41. Ratification Dropped unanimous consent requirement spelled out in AOC Done because Rhode Island, North Carolina expected to resist changes Nine states would have to ratify Constitution for it to take effect States would have to ratify, though no mention of elected state legislatures was made
  • 42. Ratification Dropped unanimous consent requirement spelled out in AOC Done because Rhode Island, North Carolina expected to resist changes Nine states would have to ratify Constitution for it to take effect States would have to ratify, though no mention of elected state legislatures was made States held elections to select delegates to state constitutional conventions
  • 44. Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists Federalists supported ratification of the Constitution
  • 45. Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists Federalists supported ratification of the Constitution Anti-Federalists opposed ratification
  • 46. Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists Federalists supported ratification of the Constitution Anti-Federalists opposed ratification Federalists won the day
  • 47. Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists Federalists supported ratification of the Constitution Anti-Federalists opposed ratification Federalists won the day Constitution was signed by convention delegates September 17, 1787
  • 48. Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists Federalists supported ratification of the Constitution Anti-Federalists opposed ratification. Federalists won the day Constitution was signed by convention delegates September 17, 1787 New Hampshire was 9th state to ratify it, putting it into law, June 21, 1788
  • 49. Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists Federalists supported ratification of the Constitution Anti-Federalists opposed ratification. Federalists won the day Constitution was signed by convention delegates September 17, 1787 New Hampshire was 9th state to ratify it, putting it into law, June 21, 1788 Laws and gov't took effect March 4, 1789
  • 50. Anti-Federalists Feared a federal government would not be responsive to citizens
  • 51. Anti-Federalists Feared a federal government would not be responsive to citizens Worried that new executive would amass too much power
  • 52.  
  • 53. Anti-Federalists Feared a federal government would not be responsive to citizens Worried that new executive would amass too much power No protection of individual rights
  • 54. Federalists Believed federal representative republic was possible, desirable
  • 55. Federalists Believed federal representative republic was possible, desirable Federalists believed a large republic would prevent the tyranny of a majority.
  • 56. Federalists Believed federal representative republic was possible, desirable Federalists believed a large republic would prevent the tyranny of a majority. Federalist No. 10
  • 57. Federalists Believed federal representative republic was possible, desirable Federalists believed a large republic would prevent the tyranny of a majority. Federalist No. 10 Shared powers would give government the power to get things done, but prevent it from becoming too powerful
  • 58. Competing Visions The Virginia Plan
  • 59. Competing Visions The Virginia Plan Authored by James Madison
  • 60. Competing Visions The Virginia Plan Authored by James Madison Favored larger states
  • 61. Competing Visions The Virginia Plan Authored by James Madison Favored larger states Proposed bicameral legislature
  • 62. Competing Visions The Virginia Plan Authored by James Madison Favored larger states Proposed bicameral legislature Representation in both based on population
  • 63. Competing Visions The New Jersey Plan
  • 64. Competing Visions The New Jersey Plan Offered as alternative to Virginia Plantation
  • 65. Competing Visions The New Jersey Plan Offered as alternative to Virginia Plantation Favored smaller states
  • 66. Competing Visions The New Jersey Plan Offered as alternative to Virginia Plantation Favored smaller states Proposed unicameral legislatures
  • 67. Competing Visions The New Jersey Plan Offered as alternative to Virginia Plantation Favored smaller states Proposed unicameral legislatures One vote per state
  • 69. Competing Visions Connecticut Compromise Two houses
  • 70. Competing Visions Connecticut Compromise Two houses One proportional (House)
  • 71. Competing Visions Connecticut Compromise Two houses One proportional (House) One equal votes for each state (Senate)
  • 72. Slavery and the Constitution Issue of slavery never explicitly mentioned in Constitution
  • 73. Slavery and the Constitution Issue of slavery never explicitly mentioned in Constitution Issue very contentious
  • 74. Slavery and the Constitution Issue of slavery never explicitly mentioned in Constitution Issue very contentious Slaves and commerce compromise
  • 75. Slavery and the Constitution Issue of slavery never explicitly mentioned in Constitution Issue very contentious Slaves and commerce compromise Northerners got tariffs on imported goods
  • 76. Slavery and the Constitution Issue of slavery never explicitly mentioned in Constitution Issue very contentious Slaves and commerce compromise Northerners got tariffs on imported goods Southerners got protection against the outlaw of overseas slave trading until 1808.
  • 77. Slavery and the Constitution Census to be taken every 10 years, would help determine the configuration of House districts
  • 78. Slavery and the Constitution Census to be taken every 10 years, would help determine the configuration of House districts Slaves were to be counted as 3/5 person
  • 79. Slavery and the Constitution Census to be taken every 10 years, would help determine the configuration of House districts Slaves were to be counted as 3/5 person Increased Southern population counts, and hence the South would have more seats in the U.S. House.
  • 80. Compromise on enumerated rights The Federalists made a concession on individual rights, agreeing to amend the Constitution to include a list of individual safeguards.
  • 81. Layout of the Constitution Article I (Legislative Branch) Article II (Executive Branch) Article III (Judicial Branch) Article IV (Relations between the States) Article V (Amendment Process) Article VI (Federal-State relations/Oath for Officers) Article VII (How Constitution will be ratified)
  • 82. Separation of Powers Legislative Branch -- makes laws (Article I) Executive Branch -- enforces laws (Article II) Judicial Branch -- interprets laws, resolves disputes (Article III)
  • 83. Presidential checks on Congress President can:
  • 84. Presidential checks on Congress President can: Veto legislation
  • 85. Presidential checks on Congress President can: Veto legislation Call special session
  • 86. Presidential checks on Congress President can: Veto legislation Call special session Recommend legislation
  • 87. Presidential checks on Congress President can: Veto legislation Call special session Recommend legislation Vice-President presides over Senate, casts tie-breaking votes
  • 88. Presidential checks on judiciary President can:
  • 89. Presidential checks on judiciary President can: Nominate federal judges
  • 90. Presidential checks on judiciary President can: Nominate federal judges Pardon persons convicted by federal courts
  • 91. Congressional checks on President Congress can:
  • 92. Congressional checks on President Congress can: Override presidential veto (2/3 majority)
  • 93. Congressional checks on President Congress can: Override presidential veto (2/3 majority) Impeach and remove president
  • 94. Congressional checks on President Congress can: Override presidential veto (2/3 majority) Impeach and remove president Reject presidential appointees (Senate)
  • 95. Congressional checks on President Congress can: Override presidential veto (2/3 majority) Impeach and remove president Reject presidential appointees (Senate) Refuse ratification of treaties (Senate)
  • 96. Congressional checks on President Congress can: Override presidential veto (2/3 majority) Impeach and remove president Reject presidential appointees (Senate) Refuse ratification of treaties (Senate) Reject president's request for laws and funds
  • 97. Congressional checks on President Congress can: Override presidential veto (2/3 majority) Impeach and remove president Reject presidential appointees (Senate) Refuse ratification of treaties (Senate) Reject president's request for laws and funds Investigate president's actions
  • 98. Congressional checks on judiciary Congress can:
  • 99. Congressional checks on judiciary Congress can: Reject judicial nominees to federal bench
  • 100. Congressional checks on judiciary Congress can: Reject judicial nominees to federal bench Create lower federal courts
  • 101. Congressional checks on judiciary Congress can: Reject judicial nominees to federal bench Create lower federal courts Amend laws to change judicial interpretation
  • 102. Congressional checks on judiciary Congress can: Reject judicial nominees to federal bench Create lower federal courts Amend laws to change judicial interpretation Propose constitutional amendments
  • 103. Judicial checks on Congress, president Can declare laws passed by Congress unconstitutional
  • 104. Judicial checks on Congress, president Can declare laws passed by Congress unconstitutional Can declare acts of the president/administration unconstitutional
  • 105. Federalism (Article VI) Divides power between federal and state governments.
  • 106. Federalism (Article VI) Divides power between federal and state governments. Powers of the federal government are explicitly defined are known as expressed powers.
  • 107. Federalism (Article VI) Divides power between federal and state governments. Powers of the federal government are explicitly defined are known as expressed powers. Originally, focus of nat'l government was to be foreign affairs, nat'l security and commerce
  • 108. Federalism (Article VI) Divides power between federal and state governments. Powers of the federal government are explicitly defined are known as expressed powers. Originally, focus of nat'l government was to be foreign affairs, nat'l security and commerce "Necessary and proper" clause, subsequent amendments allowed federal gov't influence to grow
  • 110. Federalism State Governments Intended to look after health, safety and well-being of the people
  • 111. Federalism State Governments Intended to look after health, safety and well-being of the people Powers known as police powers
  • 112. State reciprocity (Article IV) Full faith and credit clause
  • 113. State reciprocity (Article IV) Full faith and credit clause Each state must accept legal proceedings of other states
  • 114. State reciprocity (Article IV) Full faith and credit clause Each state must accept legal proceedings of other states Privileges and immunities clause
  • 115. State reciprocity (Article IV) Full faith and credit clause Each state must accept legal proceedings of other states Privileges and immunities clause Mandates that out-of -state citizens enjoy legal rights of citizens in that state
  • 116. Supremacy Clause Federal law supercedes state law (Article VI)
  • 118. Amendments Proposing an amendment Congress calls national convention at request of two-thirds of the states (rare)
  • 119. Amendments Proposing an amendment Congress calls national convention at request of two-thirds of the states (rare) Two-thirds of Congress votes for proposed amendment (more common)
  • 121. Amendments Ratifying an amendment Ratifying conventions in three-fourths of states (rare)
  • 122. Amendments Ratifying an amendment Ratifying conventions in three-fourths of states (rare) Three-fourths of state legislatures approve (more common)
  • 123. Bill of Rights Background
  • 124. Bill of Rights Background Ratified, 1791
  • 125. Bill of Rights Background Ratified, 1791 Consists of first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution
  • 126. Bill of Rights Background Ratified, 1791 Consists of first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution Foundation for civil liberties/civil rights in United States
  • 127. Bill of Rights Safeguards of personal and political freedom:
  • 128. Bill of Rights Safeguards of personal and political freedom: 1. Freedom of speech, press, religion (two parts), right to assemble peacefully
  • 129. Bill of Rights Safeguards of personal and political freedom: 1. Freedom of speech, press, religion (two parts), right to assemble peacefully 2. Right to keep and bear arms
  • 130. Bill of Rights Protection against British occupation 3. Protection against quartering of troops in private homes
  • 131. Bill of Rights Safeguards in judicial process:
  • 132. Bill of Rights Safeguards in judicial process: 4. Protection against unreasonable search and seizures.
  • 133. Bill of Rights Safeguards in judicial process: 4. Protection against unreasonable search and seizures. 5. Guarantees of:
  • 134. Bill of Rights Safeguards in judicial process: 4. Protection against unreasonable search and seizures. 5. Guarantees of: grand jury for capital crimes
  • 135. Bill of Rights Safeguards in judicial process: 4. Protection against unreasonable search and seizures. 5. Guarantees of: grand jury for capital crimes no double jeopardy
  • 136. Bill of Rights Safeguards in judicial process: 4. Protection against unreasonable search and seizures. 5. Guarantees of: grand jury for capital crimes no double jeopardy no self-incrimination
  • 137. Bill of Rights Safeguards in judicial process: 4. Protection against unreasonable search and seizures. 5. Guarantees of: grand jury for capital crimes no double jeopardy no self-incrimination no deprivation of life or property without "due process of law"
  • 138. Bill of Rights Safeguards in judicial process: 4. Protection against unreasonable search and seizures. 5. Guarantees of: grand jury for capital crimes no double jeopardy no self-incrimination no deprivation of life or property without "due process of law" no taking of property without just compensation
  • 139. Bill of Rights Safeguards in judicial process: 6. Guarantees of:
  • 140. Bill of Rights Safeguards in judicial process: 6. Guarantees of: speedy, public trial
  • 141. Bill of Rights Safeguards in judicial process: 6. Guarantees of: speedy, public trial to be informed of nature of charges
  • 142. Bill of Rights Safeguards in judicial process: 6. Guarantees of: speedy, public trial to be informed of nature of charges to confront witnesses
  • 143. Bill of Rights Safeguards in judicial process: 6. Guarantees of: speedy, public trial to be informed of nature of charges to confront witnesses to compel witnesses to appear in one's defense
  • 144. Bill of Rights Safeguards in judicial process: 6. Guarantees of: speedy, public trial to be informed of nature of charges to confront witnesses to compel witnesses to appear in one's defense right to legal counsel
  • 145. Bill of Rights Safeguards in judicial process: 6. Guarantees of: speedy, public trial to be informed of nature of charges to confront witnesses to compel witnesses to appear in one's defense right to legal counsel 7. Guarantee of trial by jury of one's peers
  • 146. Bill of Rights Safeguards in judicial process: 6. Guarantees of: speedy, public trial to be informed of nature of charges to confront witnesses to compel witnesses to appear in one's defense right to legal counsel 7. Guarantee of trial by jury of one's peers 8. Guarantees against:
  • 147. Bill of Rights Safeguards in judicial process: 6. Guarantees of: speedy, public trial to be informed of nature of charges to confront witnesses to compel witnesses to appear in one's defense right to legal counsel 7. Guarantee of trial by jury of one's peers 8. Guarantees against: cruel and unusual punishment, excessive bail
  • 148. Bill of Rights Description of unenumerated rights and reserved powers:
  • 149. Bill of Rights Description of unenumerated rights and reserved powers: 9. Assurance that rights not listed for protection against the power of the central government are reserved to the people.
  • 150. Bill of Rights Description of unenumerated rights and reserved powers: 9. Assurance that rights not listed for protection against the power of the central government are reserved to the people. 10. Assurance that the powers not delegated to the central government are reserved to the states or to the people.