SlideShare a Scribd company logo

Construct measure

E
eshwayne
1 of 29
Download to read offline
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
΋ǵෳ ໆ ᆶ ᆅ ౛ Ꮲ ࣴ ‫ز‬ • ૈցᆒዴෳໆ࣬ᜢᡂኧǴࡐ ε ำ ࡋ ΢ ، ‫ ޑ ݀ ่ ز ࣴ ۓ‬ё ᎞ ำ ࡋ Ƕ • ෳໆ‫ ۓ ޑ‬က (Stevens.1968)Ǻࣴ ‫ ޣ ز‬ਥ Ᏽ ΋ ໨ ೕ ߾ ‫ ܈‬ᄍ ‫ ٯ‬ǴҔ ኧໆБ Ԅ ඔ ॊ ࣴ ‫ ز‬ჹ ຝ ‫ ڀ ܌‬ഢ ‫ ࢌ ޑ‬ᅿ ੝ ቻ ‫ ܈‬Չ ࣁ ǶԜ ΋ ၸ ำ ‫ ٬ ܌‬Ҕ ‫ ޑ‬π ‫ ڀ‬ᆀ ࣁ ෳᡍ • ࣴ ‫ ز‬ჹ ຝ ‫ ٿ ޑ‬ᅿ ෳໆБ Ԅ Ǻჴ ᡍ ᏹ ௓ ᆶ ୢ ‫ ڔ‬Ƕ – ჴᡍ/ྗჴᡍࣴ ‫ ׯ>= ز‬ᡂ ‫ ڙ‬၂ ‫ ڬ ޑ ޣ‬ᜐ ᕉ ნ Ǵ – ߚ ჴᡍࣴ ‫>= ز‬ճ Ҕ Ӛ ᅿ ‫ ׎‬Ԅ ‫ ޑ‬ୢ ‫ ڔ‬ໆ ߄ ٰෳໆ ཷ ‫ۺ‬ • ୢ ‫ ڔ‬ፓ ࢗ ‫ ࣁ ݤ‬Ҟ ߻ ๮ Γ ᆅ ౛ ࣴ ‫ ز‬ύ ന ද ၹ ‫ ޑ‬ၗ ਑ ᇆ ໣ Б Ԅ ǴӢ Ԝ Ԝ ጇ Ў ക ஒ ๱ ख़ ‫ ܭ‬ୢ ‫ ڔ‬Ο Б य़ ‫ ޑ‬ୢ ᚒ Ǻ – ෳໆ ࠔ ፦ ‫ ޑ‬ຑ ሽ – ෳᡍୢ ‫ ڔ‬ว ৖ ‫ ޑ‬΋ ૓ ‫ ؁‬ᡯ – ๮ Γ ᆅ ౛ ࣴ ‫ ز‬ύ π ‫ ڀ‬ୢ ‫ ڔ‬ໆ ߄ ‫ ܈‬ෳᡍว ৖ ‫ ڗ ޑ‬ӛ ᆶୢ ᚒ ጥ෻ፖิ៣ઔߒऱኔᢞֱऄCh11Ε12 P:1/33
Βǵෳ ໆ ࠔ ፦ ‫ޑ‬ ຑ ሽ 1.౛ፕᄬ‫(ۺ‬construct)ᆶ ෳ ໆ ࡰ ኱ (indicator) – ε ӭ ኧᆅ ౛ Ꮲ ‫ ۺ ཷ ޑ‬ค ‫ ޔ ݤ‬ௗ ᢀ ჸ Ǵࣴ ‫ ٩ ޣ ز‬Ᏽ ჹ ೭ ٤ ཷ ‫ ޑ ۺ‬౛ ှ ‫ ۓ ک‬က Ǵ‫ ܜ ע‬ຝ ཷ ‫ ڀ ۺ‬ᡏ ϯ =>ᏹ բ ϯ (operationalization)ၸ ำ – ෳໆ ౛ ፕ ཷ ‫ ۺ‬ϐ ‫ ٿ‬ᅿ ෳໆ ࡰ ኱ Ǻ • ϸࢀ‫ࡰ܄‬኱(reflective indicator) Ǻ ࡰ ኱ ѝ ࣁᄬ ‫ ۺ‬Ѧ ӧ ‫ ߄ ޑ‬౜ ‫ ׎‬Ԅ Ǵ೯ த ϸ ࢀ ΋ Ӆ ӕ ‫ ޑ‬౛ ፕ ᄬ ‫ ۺ‬ǴӢ ݀ ᜢ ߯ җ ᄬ ‫ࡰ ۺ‬ ӛ ෳໆ ࡰ ኱ ǶკA Ƕ (ࡰ ኱ ໔ Ԗ ࡐ ε ‫ ޑ‬Ӆ ӕ ᡂ ౦ Ǵմ ନ ࢌ ΋ ࡰ ኱ Ǵό ‫ ׯ‬ᡂ ᄬ ‫ ֹ ۺ‬᏾ ‫) ܄‬ • ‫ ׎‬ԋ ‫ࡰ܄‬኱(formative indicator) Ǻ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ҥ ୷ ‫ ܭ‬ෳໆ ࡰ ኱ ‫ ޑ‬᏾ ӝ ୷ ᘵ ΢ Ǵࡰ ኱ ᇥ ܴ ᄬ ‫ ޑ ۺ‬ό ӕ ቫ य़ Ǵ Ӣ ݀ ᜢ ߯ җ ࡰ ኱ ࡰ Ң ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ǶკBǶ (ᄬ ‫ ܌ ࢂ ۺ‬Ԗ ࡰ ኱ ໔ ‫ ޑ‬΋ ঁ ό ё ϩ പ ᏾ ᡏ Ǵմ ନ ࢌ ΋ ࡰ ኱ ߾ ᄬ ‫ ۺ‬ό ֹ ᏾ ) ExΚ‫ޗ‬ ࿶ Ӧ Տ ExΚಔ ᙃ Ѝ ࡭ ‫ޕ‬ ᝺ ඒ ߛ ֽ ᄷ ਢ ‫ૹ ܡ‬ ီ ୉ ՠ ઢ ‫ܓ‬ ୮ அ ‫گ‬ Ե ༼ ࠎ ‫ڶ‬ რ ᆠ ՠ ‫܂‬ ୮ அ હ ན ‫ ޏ‬࿳ ՠ ‫܂‬ ᛩ ቼ ᣂ ֨ ୉ ՠ ‫ګ‬ ९ 2 ጥ෻ፖิ៣ઔߒऱኔᢞֱऄCh11Ε12 P:2/33
Βǵෳ ໆ ࠔ ፦ ‫ޑ‬ ຑ ሽ 2.ᄬ‫ۺ‬ਏ ࡋ (construct validity) લഐ – ᄬ ‫ ۓ ޑ ۺ‬က ᆶ ෳᡍ ໔ ‫ ޑ‬΋ ठ ำ ࡋ (Schweb.1980)Ƕ – Ο ᅿ ቹ ៜ ෳᡍ ᄬ ‫ ۺ‬ਏ ࡋ ‫ ޑ‬চ Ӣ Ǻ • ᏹ բ ‫܄‬ ‫ۓ‬ က р ౜ ୃ ৡ • ᏹբ ‫ۓ ܄‬ က ค к ϩ ϸ ࢀ Ҟ ኱ ཷ ‫ۺ‬ • ෳᡍલЮ ߞ ࡋ Ԧ ࢉ ೷ ԋ ᄬ ഐ ਏ ࡋ લ ഐ ‫ ޑ‬চ Ӣ – લ ഐ (deficiency) Ǻჴ ሞ ෳໆύ ҂ х ֖ ᔈ ෳໆ‫ډ‬ ‫ޑ‬ ԋ ϩ Ƕ • EXΚಔ ᙃ Ϧ ҇ Չ ࣁ)OCB*> ? Ջ Б ว ৖ ‫ ޑ‬চ ‫ ۈ‬ୢ ‫ ڔ‬྽ ύ Ǵؒ Ԗх ֖ ȹ‫ ݙ‬ख़ Γ ሞ ‫ ک‬ᒋ ȹ‫ ޑ‬ԋ ϩ – Ԧ ࢉ (contamination) Ǻჴ ሞ ໆෳύ х ֖ ᄬ ‫ ۺ‬҂ ‫ ۓ‬က ԋ ϩ Ƕ‫ ٿ‬ᅿ ё ૈӵ Π 1. ෳໆ ྽ ύ ‫ ޑ‬ᒿ ᐒ ᇤ ৡ ᡂ ౦ (random error variance)=>ߞ ࡋ ե Ǵෳໆ ่ ݀ ຫ ό ё ᎞ 2. Ҟ ኱ ᄬ ‫ ۺ‬а Ѧ ‫ س ޑ‬಍ ᡂ ౦ (systematic variance)=>ᄬ ‫ ۓ ۺ‬က ‫ ޑ‬ᏹ բ ϯ ό ୼ ᆒ ዴ EXΚྒྷ ၦ ”ᠦ ៭ ႜ ‫ٻ‬ ”Δኙ ࣍ ”ิ ៣ ࢭ ᘭ ”ທ ‫ۆ ګ‬ ਩ 3 ጥ෻ፖิ៣ઔߒऱኔᢞֱऄCh11Ε12 P:3/33
Βǵෳ ໆ ࠔ ፦ ‫ޑ‬ ຑ ሽ • ࣴ ‫ ޣ ز‬ᔈ ୲ ࡭ ୢ ‫ ڔ‬ϐ Ο চ ߾ Ǻ – ᅰ ё ૈ х ࡴ Ҟ ኱ ཷ ‫ ۺ‬ύ ‫ ޑ‬Ӛ ঁ೽ ҽ – ว ৖ р మ ཱ ‫ ޑ‬ෳໆ ࡰ ኱ Ǵ٬ ϐ ᅰ ໆ ό ‫ ځ ڙ‬д ࣬ ᜢ ཷ ‫ ۺ‬ቹ ៜ – ௓ ‫ ڋ‬ᒿ ᐒ Ӣ નჹ ෳᡍ‫ ޑ‬ቹ ៜ 4 ጥ෻ፖิ៣ઔߒऱኔᢞֱऄCh11Ε12 P:4/33
Οǵෳ ᡍ ໆ ߄ ว ৖ ‫ޑ‬ ΋૓ ‫؁‬ ᡯ 1.ᄬ‫ۺ‬ᇥ ܴ (construct explication) – ྗ ዴ‫ ۓ‬က ा ෳໆ‫ ޑ‬ᄬ ‫ ۺ‬ᆶ ౛ ፕ ࣚ ज़ Ǵឍ ܴ ࣴ ‫ ز‬౜ ໨ ‫ ޑ‬ਡ Ј ੝ ቻ Ǵ٬ Ҕ ᆒዴ ᙁ ൂ ‫ ޑ‬ᇟ ‫ ۓ ق‬က ٠ ό ٬ Ҕ ᜪ ՟ Ӝ ຒ Ǵ่ ӝ ౜ Ԗ ‫ ૸ ޑ‬ፕ ᆶ ౛ ှ Ƕ – ӳ ‫ ۓ ޑ‬က ा ૈᇥ ܴ ෳໆᄬ ‫ ޑ ۺ‬Ѥ ᅿ ੝ ቻ Ǻ • ှ ញ ा ෳໆ‫ ۺ ཷ ޑ‬ᆶ ‫ ځ‬д ࣬߈ ᄬ ‫ ޑ ۺ‬ৡ ౦ ᗉ խ Ԧ ࢉ ᆶલഐ ό ‫ى‬ • ዴᇡ ౛ ፕ ཷ ‫ ޑ ۺ‬ቫ ԛ ࢂ ঁᡏ ǻҭ ‫܈‬ ი ໗ ‫܈‬ ဂ ᡏ ‫ޑ‬ ቫ ԛ ǻ • ዴᇡ ᄬ ‫ ܌ ۺ‬ᔈ х ֖ ‫ ޑ‬ϣ ೽ ԋ ҽ ಃ Μ Β ക =>ൂ ΋ (uni-dimensional)ᆢ ࡋ ‫ ࢂ ܈‬ӭ ঁ(multi-dimensional)ᆢ ࡋ ǻ • ᇥ ܴ ᄬ ‫ ۺ‬Ь ा ‫ ߻ ޑ‬Ӣ ǵ࣬ᜢϷ ࡕ ݀ ᡂ໨ 5 ጥ෻ፖิ៣ઔߒऱኔᢞֱऄCh11Ε12 P:5/33
Οǵෳ ᡍ ໆ ߄ ว ৖ ‫ޑ‬ ΋૓ ‫؁‬ ᡯ 2.ౢ ғ ෳ ᡍ ᚒ Ҟ (item generation) – ᘜ ય ‫ݤ‬ (inductive approach) • ჹ ‫ ܭ‬གྷ Α ှ ‫ ޑ‬౜ ຝ ‫ ޕ ۺ ཷ ک‬ၰ ࣗ Ͽ Ǵค ‫ ݤ‬ඓ ඝ ว ৖ ཷ ‫ ܌ ۺ‬ሡ ‫ ޑ‬ᜢ ᗖ ࡰ ኱ ᆶϣ ೽ ่ ᄬ • җ Π Զ ΢ Ǵၸ ፦ ϯ Б ‫ ่ ܈ ݤ‬ӝ ౜ ԖЎ ᝘ Ǵౢ ғ ෳᡍှ ࡰ ኱ ǵᕕ ှ ෳᡍϣ ৒ Ƕ • ϖ ᅿ ᇆ ໣ চ ‫ ۈ‬ᚒ ‫ ׷‬ǵዴ ᇡ ᄬ ‫ ۺ‬ᜐ ࣚ ‫ ޑ‬Б ‫ ݤ‬Ǻᜢ ᗖ ٣ ‫( ݤ ٯ‬critical incident) Εข ᗺ ი ᡏ ೖ ፋ (focus group interview) ΕঁΓ य़ ፋ (personal interview)Ε໒ ‫ ܫ‬Ԅ ୢ ‫ڔ‬ (open-ended survey) ΕΒ Ћ ၗ ਑ ‫( ݤ‬secondary data)Ƕ • ा б р ၨ ӭ Ј Κǵय़ ჹ ၨ ӭ ࡷ Ꮿ =>ኬ ҁ ж߄ ‫ ܄‬ǻϣ ৒ ϩ ‫ ؁ ݋‬ᡯ ࢂ ց Ԗલഐ ǻ – ᄽ ᛢ ‫ݤ‬ (deductive approach) • ೸ ၸ Ў ᝘ ӣ ៝ ዴ ᇡ ᄬ ‫ ۺ‬ጄ ൎ Ǵࣁҗ ΢ Զ Π ‫ ޑ‬ኳ Ԅ Ǵෳᡍ໨ Ҟ җ ࣴ ‫ ޣ ز‬ჹ ᄬ ‫ޑ ۺ‬ Α ှ Զ ว ৖ р ٰǶ • ၨ ࣁத ‫ـ‬ – ᘜ ય ‫ ݤ‬ᆶ ᄽ ᛢ ‫ ݤ‬ё ΋ ‫ ٬ ٳ‬Ҕ Ƕ – Clark&Watson(1995)௢ ᙚ ‫ ٿ‬໨ (ዴ ߥ ϣ ৒ ਏ ࡋ )ࡰᏤ চ ߾ Ǻ • ෳᡍ໨ Ҟ /ࡰ ኱ ᔈ К Ҟ ኱ ᄬ ‫ ܌ ۺ‬х ֖ ‫ ޑ‬ϣ ৒ ‫׳‬ቶ • ෳᡍ໨ Ҟ /ࡰ ኱ ᔈ х ֖ ΋ ٤ ค ‫ ݤ‬ዴ ᇡ ՠ ന ࡕ ೏ ᛾ ܴ ࢂ ค ᜢ ‫ ܈‬ᆶҞ ኱ ό ಄ ϐ ϣ ৒ 6 ጥ෻ፖิ៣ઔߒऱኔᢞֱऄCh11Ε12 P:6/33
Οǵෳ ᡍ ໆ ߄ ว ৖ ‫ޑ‬ ΋૓ ‫؁‬ ᡯ 3.ϣ ৒ ਏ ࡋ (content validity)‫ ޑ‬ຑ ሽ – ϣ ৒ ਏ ࡋ Ǻࡰෳᡍ ϣ ৒ ӧ ӭ ε ำ ࡋ ΢ Ǵϸ ࢀ ӭ Ͽ ࣴ ‫ ܌ ޣ ز‬ा ෳໆ‫ ޑ‬ᄬ ‫ ۺ‬Ƕ (Haynes, Richard & Kubany, 1995) – ϣ ৒ ਏ ࡋ ‫ ډ ڙ‬ཞ ্ ‫ ޑ‬Ο ᅿ ‫ݩ ރ‬ (Haynes et al , 1995) 1. ᒪ ᅅ Α ΋ ٤ ϸ ࢀ ᄬ ‫ ۺ‬ϣ ৒ ‫ ࡰ ޑ‬኱ 2. х ֖ ΋ ٤ ᆶᄬ ‫ ۺ‬ϣ ৒ ค ᜢ ‫ ࡰ ޑ‬኱ 3. ՗ ी ᄬ ‫ ޑ ۺ‬ό ӕ ԋ ϩ ჹ ‫ ܭ‬ෳᡍϩ ኧ‫ ޑ‬ቹ ៜ ਔ Ǵр ౜ ୃ ሥ – ຑ ໆෳᡍ ϣ ৒ ਏ ࡋ ‫ ޑ‬Б ‫ ݤ‬Ǻ • ፦ ϯ Б ‫ ݤ‬Ǻ೸ ၸ ΋ ಔ ஑ ৎ Ь ᢀ ղ ᘐ Ǵෳໆ ࢂ ց ಄ ӝ д ॺ ჹ Ԝ ΋ ᄬ ‫ ޑ ۺ‬ᇡ ᛽ 1.ᔠ ࢗ ‫ ؂‬΋ ࡰ ኱ ࢂ ց ‫ ڀ‬Ԗж߄ ‫ ܄‬Ǵᆶ‫ ޑ ۓ ࣚ ܌‬ϣ ৒ ᆶՉ ࣁ໔ ࢂ ց Ԗ፾ Ϫ ᜢ ᖄ 2.ෳᡍࡰ ኱ ᆶᄬ ‫ ۓ ۺ‬က ໔ ΋ ΋ ౢ ғ ჹ ᔈ 3.ό ૈ ϼ ϩ ණ ‫ ܈‬໣ ύ ‫ ܭ‬ᄬ ‫ ࢌ ޑ ۺ‬΋ ԋ ҽ • ໆ ϯ Б ‫ ݤ‬Ǻ 1.‫ ޔ‬ௗ ຑ ሽ ෳᡍ໨ Ҟ ᆶᄬ ‫ ۓ ۺ‬က ‫ ޑ‬ϰ ଛ ำ ࡋ Ǵຑ ሽ ‫ ޣ‬໻ ሡ வ ᇡ ‫ ޕ‬΢ ղ ᘐ ᄬ ‫ۓ ۺ‬ က ‫ ک‬ෳᡍࡰ ኱ ໔ ‫ ޑ‬ᜢ ߯ ջ ё (Schrieshein & Hinkin 1990)=>࣬ ჹ Ь ᢀ 2.ӧ ‫ ׵‬լ ੝ ໆ ߄ ΢ ղ ᘐ =>ෳᡍࡰ ኱ ӧ ӭ ε ำ ࡋ ΢ Ǵϸ ࢀ ᄬ ‫ ۺ‬ϣ ఼ ǹӧ ຾ Չ ࡕ ុ ᡂ ౦ ኧϩ ‫ ݋‬ǴК ၨ ᄬ ‫ ۺ‬ள ϩ Ǵղ ᘐ ϣ ৒ ਏ ࡋ (Hinkin & Tracey, 1999) 7 ጥ෻ፖิ៣ઔߒऱኔᢞֱऄCh11Ε12 P:7/33
Οǵෳ ᡍ ໆ ߄ ว ৖ ‫ޑ‬ ΋૓ ‫؁‬ ᡯ 4. ϣ ೽ ่ ᄬ(internal structure)‫ ޑ‬ᔠ ᡍ – ෳໆ౛ ፕ ‫ ୷ ޑ‬ҁ ଷ ೛ Ǻ ൂ ᆢ ࡋ ‫( ܄‬uni-dimensionality)=>ෳᡍ ࡰ኱ ໪ ૈϸ ࢀ ӕ ΋ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ Δ‫܌‬ ள р ϐ ᢀ ෳ ॶ ω Ԗ ཀ က ȉа Ӣ ન ϩ ‫ ݋‬ຑ ሽ ෳᡍ ϣ ೽ ่ ᄬ • ௖ ઩ ‫( ܄‬exploratory) Ǻ – લЮ మ ཱ ౛ ፕ ࡰ Ꮴ ǵ፾ ӝ ෳᡍว ৖ ߃ ය ٬ Ҕ – ‫܌ ע‬ Ԗෳໆ ࡰ ኱ ‫ܫ‬ ӧ ΋ ଆ Ǵ຾ Չ Ӣ નϩ ‫ ݋‬Ǵी ᆉ Ӣ નॄ ಻ ໆ (factor loading) – ղ ᘐ ٩ Ᏽ Ǻӕ ΋ ᆢ ࡋ ࡰ ኱ ‫ ޑ‬factor loadingຫ ε (೯ த ሡ ଯ‫)4.0 ܭ‬ǵЪ ӧ ‫ ځ‬д ᆢ ࡋ ‫ޑ‬ Ӣ નॄ ಻ ຫ λ Ǵж߄ ᄬ ‫ ۺ‬ਏ ࡋ ຫ ଯ – ٩ Ᏽ а ΢ ၗ ૻ Ǵղ ‫ ۓ‬ব ٤ ࡰ ኱ ᔈ ၀ ೏ ক ନ ǵٗ ٤ ᆢ ࡋ ᔈ ၀ ቚ у ࡰ ኱ Ǵа ຾ ΋ ‫؁‬ ዴ ᇡ ϣ ೽ ่ ᄬ • ዴᇡ ‫܄‬ (confirmatory) Ǻ – ӧ ੃ ନ ෳໆ ᇤ ৡ ‫ ޑ‬௃ ‫ ݩ‬Π Ǵᢀ ჸ ෳᡍࡰ ኱ ᆶଷ ೛ ኳ ࠠ ࠨ ӝ ำ ࡋ (model fit) – ӵ ‫ ࠨ ޣ ٿ‬ӝ ࡋ ό ٫ Ǵ߾ё ჸ ࣮ ՗ ी ၸ ำ ύ ౢ ғ ‫ ޑ‬অ ҅ ߯ ኧ(modification indices) ΔԵ ቾ ೸ ၸ ‫ ׯ‬ᡂ ࢌ ٤ ज़ ‫ ڋ‬చ ҹ Ǵග ଯࠨ ӝ ࡋ 8 ጥ෻ፖิ៣ઔߒऱኔᢞֱऄCh11Ε12 P:8/33
Οǵෳ ᡍ ໆ ߄ ว ৖ ‫ޑ‬ ΋૓ ‫؁‬ ᡯ 4. ϣ ೽ ่ ᄬ(internal structure)‫ ޑ‬ᔠ ᡍ – Ӣ ન ϩ ‫ ݋‬ჹ ‫ ܭ‬ϸ ࢀ ‫ ܄‬ᆶ ‫ ׎‬ԋ ‫ࡰ ܄‬኱ ೿ ፾ Ҕ Ǵՠ ఼ က ό ӕ – ൩௖ ઩ ࠠ Ӣ ન ϩ ‫ ݋‬Զ ‫ق‬ • ϸ ࢀ ‫ ࡰ ܄‬኱ =>ӧ ‫ ܭ‬ှ ញ ࡰ ኱ ໔ ‫ ࣬ ޑ‬ᜢ Ǵ՗ ी ೭ ٤ ࡰ ኱ ᆶӅ ӕ Ӣ ન໔ Ӹ ӧ ‫ ޑ‬Ӆ ӕ Ӣ ન(common factor) • ‫ ׎‬ԋ ࠠ ࡰ ኱ =>೸ ၸ ෳᡍࡰ ኱ ౢ ғ ΋ ঁЬ ԋ ϩ (principle component) Δ՗ ी ೭ ٤ ᢀ ෳ ࡰ ኱ ‫ ׎‬ԋ Ԝ ΋ Ь ԋ ϩ ਔ ‫ ޑ‬ό ӕ ៾ ख़ – ൩ዴᇡ ‫ ܄‬Ӣ ન ϩ ‫݋‬ Զ ‫ق‬ Ǵ • ϸ ࢀ ‫ ࡰ ܄‬኱ =>Ӣ ݀ ᜢ ߯ ࢂ җ Ӆ ӕ ԋ ϩ ࡰ ӛ ‫ ځ‬ෳໆ ‫ ࡰ ޑ‬኱ • ‫ ׎‬ԋ ࠠ ࡰ ኱ =>җ ෳໆ ࡰ ኱ ࡰ ӛ ‫ ܌ ځ‬՗ ी ‫ ޑ‬Ь ԋ ϩ (೷ ԋ ค ‫ ݤ‬՗ ी ‫ ځ‬ෳໆ ኳ ࠠ ‫ ޑ‬ਏ ࡋ ) 9 ጥ෻ፖิ៣ઔߒऱኔᢞֱऄCh11Ε12 P:9/33
Οǵෳ ᡍ ໆ ߄ ว ৖ ‫ޑ‬ ΋૓ ‫؁‬ ᡯ 5.ϣ ೽ ΋ ठ ‫܄‬ (internal consistency)ᆶ ᛙ ‫܄ ۓ‬ (stability)‫ ޑ‬ຑ ሽ – а ߞ ࡋ ٰ ຑ ሽ ෳᡍ ่ ݀ ‫ ޑ‬΋ ठ ‫ ܄‬ǵᛙ ‫ ܄ ۓ‬ᆶ ё ᎞ ‫܄‬ – ߞ ࡋ ‫ ۓ ޑ‬က Ǻෳໆ่ ݀ ҂ ‫ ڙ‬ᇤ ৡ ቹ ៜ ‫ ޑ‬ำ ࡋ (American Psychological Association, 1985:19) – ෳᡍ ‫ ੿ ޑ‬ჴ ϩ ኧᆶ ᇤ ৡ ค ‫ ޔ ݤ‬ௗ ෳໆǴѝ ૈ೸ ၸ Б ‫ ݤ‬໔ ௗ ՗ ी – Ο ᅿ ෳໆߞ ࡋ ‫ ޑ‬Б ‫ ݤ‬Ǻ • ჹ ฻ ෳᡍ (parallel forms) – ӕ ਔ ӣ เ ‫ ٿ‬ᅿ ฻ ਏ Ǵՠ ‫ ހ‬ҁ ό ӕ ‫ ޑ‬ෳᡍǴෳᡍ‫ ࣬ ޑ ݀ ่ ޑ‬ᜢ ߯ ኧຫ ଯǴж ߄ ෳᡍ‫ ߯ ࡋ ߞ ޑ‬ኧΨ ຫ ଯ=>ࡼ Չ ၨ ֚ ᜤ ǵܰ ᎁ ‫ ڙ‬၂ ‫ ޣ‬ϸ ག • ຑ ሽ ෳᡍ ‫ ޑ‬ϣ ೽ ΋ ‫ ܄ ݯ‬ᆶ ࡰ኱ ໔ ‫ ޑ‬ӕ ፦ ‫ ܄‬Ǻ – ‫ ש‬ъ ߞ ࡋ Ǻϩ ‫ڻ‬ ኧ‫܈‬ ଽ ኧᚒ ǴӚ Ծ ᐱ ҥ ी ϩ Ǵी ᆉ ‫ٿ‬ ಔ ள ϩ ‫ޑ‬ ࣬ ᜢ – ৤ ‫ ࡋ ߞ ׵‬Ǻଞ ჹ ࢂ ߚ ᚒ ी Б ‫ݤ‬ ‫ޑ‬ ߞ ࡋ ՗ – Cronbach ͉Ǻ΋ ૓ ा ‫ ॶ ؃‬ε ‫>=7.0 ܭ‬ՠ ෳᡍϣ ೽ ‫ ޑ‬΋ ठ ‫ ߯ ܄‬ኧຬ ၸ ΋ ‫ ۓ‬Н ྗǴό ՠ ό ճ ‫ܭ‬ ᄬ ‫ ۺ‬ਏ ࡋ Ǵϸ Զ ཮ ߺ ১ ϣ ৒ ਏ ࡋ (Clark & Watsons, 1995) • ӆ ෳߞ ࡋ (test-retest reliability) Κό ӕ ਔ ໔ Ǵ٬ Ҕ ӕ ΋ ෳᡍ໗ ӕ ΋ ಔ ୖ ᆶ‫ࡼ ޣ‬ ෳǴ΋ ኬ ࣮ ‫ٿ‬ ԛ ෳᡍ‫ޑ‬ ࣬ ᜢ ߯ ኧ=>ό ፾ ӝ ‫׎‬ ԋ ‫܄‬ ࡰ ኱ ‫ޑ‬ ຑ ՗ &‫ ڙ‬၂ ‫ ཮ ޣ‬Ԗ૶ Ꮻ ฻ υ ᘋ 10 ጥ෻ፖิ៣ઔߒऱኔᢞֱऄCh11Ε12 P:10/33
Οǵෳ ᡍ ໆ ߄ ว ৖ ‫ޑ‬ ΋૓ ‫؁‬ ᡯ 6.ԏ ᔙ ਏ ࡋ (convergent validity)ᆶ ୔ ᒣ ਏ ࡋ (discriminant validity) ჹ ‫ܭ‬ ෳᡍϣ ೽ ่ ᄬ ‫ک‬ ໆ ෳᇤ ৡ ‫ޑ‬ ϩ ‫݋‬ Ǵѝ ࢂ ዴ ߥ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ਠ ‫ޑ‬ Ѹ ा చ ҹ Զ ߚ к ϩ చ ҹ – ԏ ᔙ ਏ ࡋ Ǻ • ό ӕ Б ‫ ݤ‬ෳໆ ӕ ΋ ᄬ ‫ ۺ‬Ǵᔈ ଯࡋ ࣬ ᜢ • EXǺຑ ሽ ঩ π ૈ ΚǴ฽ ၂ ‫ ک‬α ၂ ‫ ܌‬ள ϩ ኧᔈ ၀ ΋ ठ – ୔ ᒣ ਏ ࡋ Ǻ • ό ӕ Б ‫ ݤ‬ෳໆ ό ӕ ᄬ ‫ ۺ‬Ǵ࣬ ᜢ ‫ ܄‬ᔈ ό ଯ • EXǺข ቾ ‫ ک‬ϣ ӛ Ǵ‫ ࣬ ځ‬ᜢ ό ᔈ ϼ ଯ – ԏ ᔙ ਏ ࡋ ᆶ ୔ ձ ਏ ࡋ ‫ ޑ‬ᔠ ᡍ Б ‫ ݤ‬Ǻ • MTMM(multi-traits multi-methods) Ǵό ӕ Б ‫( ݤ‬EXǺԾ ຑ ‫ݤ‬ǵӕ Ꮖ ຑ ϩ ‫ݤ‬ǵፓ ࢗ ‫)ݤ‬ໆෳӭ ঁ ੝ ‫ ܄‬Ǵౢ ғ ࣬ᜢં ତ Ǵ‫ ځ‬ၨ ‫ ڀ‬ᇥ ܺ Κ • ่ ᄬ Б ำ ኳ ࠠ (structural equation modeling,SEM) Ǵा ‫࣬ ؃‬ჹ ၨ ե 7.ᡄ ᒠ ᜢ ߯ ᆛ (nomological network)‫ ࡌ ޑ‬ҥ – ೸ ၸ ᡄ ᒠ ϩ ‫ ݋‬ᆶЎ ᝘ ӣ ៝ Ǵჹ ‫ ܭ‬ᡂ ࣬ ໔ ‫ ޑ‬ᜢ ߯ ଺ р ಄ ӝ ౛ ፕ Ⴃ ය ‫ ޑ‬ଷ ೛ Ǵӆ ೸ ၸ ࣬ ᜢ ಍ ी π ‫ ڀ‬Ǵჹ ೭ ٤ ᜢ ߯ ຾ Չ ᔠ ᡍ – ๱ ख़ ᡂ ໨ ໔ Ӣ ݀ ᜢ ߯ ύ ௢ ፕ ෳᡍ‫ ޑ‬ᄬ ‫ ۺ‬ਏ ࡋ Ǵߚ ൂ પ ຑ ሽ ෳᡍࡰ ኱ ‫ ܈‬໨ Ҟ ‫ ࠔ ޑ‬፦ Ƕ 11 ጥ෻ፖิ៣ઔߒऱኔᢞֱऄCh11Ε12 P:11/33
Οǵෳ ᡍ ໆ ߄ ว ৖ ‫ޑ‬ ΋૓ ‫؁‬ ᡯ ԏ ᔙ ਏ ࡋ (convergent validity)ᆶ ୔ ᒣ ਏ ࡋ (discriminant validity)ံк MTMM (multi-traits multi-methods) ֱ ऄ 1 ֱ ऄ 2 ֱ ऄ 3 ௽ ᔆ A1 B1 C1 A2 B2 C2 A3 B3 C3 A1 .89 ֱ ऄ 1 B1 .51 .89 C1 .38 .37 .76 A2 .57 .22 .09 .93 ֱ ऄ 2 B2 .22 .57 .10 .68 .94 C2 .11 .11 .46 .59 .58 .84 A3 .56 .22 .11 .67 .42 .33 .94 ֱ ऄ 3 B3 .23 .58 .12 .43 .66 .34 .67 .92 C3 .11 .11 .45 .34 .32 .58 .58 .60 .85 ઌ ‫ٵ‬ ֱ ऄ Δઌ ‫ٵ‬ ௽ ᔆ (ॾ ৫ ) ઌ ‫ٵ‬ ֱ ऄ Δլ ‫ٵ‬ ௽ ᔆ =>઎ ࢖ ‫ڼ‬ հ ၴ ऱ ೴ ܑ լ ‫ٵ‬ ֱ ऄ Δઌ ‫ٵ‬ ௽ ᔆ (ய ৫ ) լ ‫ٵ‬ ֱ ऄ Δլ ‫ٵ‬ ௽ ᔆ =>ᚨ ᇠ ઌ ᣂ এ ᑇ ૞ ‫܅‬ 12 ጥ෻ፖิ៣ઔߒऱኔᢞֱऄCh11Ε12 P:12/33
Οǵෳ ᡍ ໆ ߄ ว ৖ ‫ޑ‬ ΋૓ ‫؁‬ ᡯ ԏ ᔙ ਏ ࡋ (convergent validity)ᆶ ୔ ᒣ ਏ ࡋ (discriminant validity)ံк SEM 13 ጥ෻ፖิ៣ઔߒऱኔᢞֱऄCh11Ε12 P:13/33
Ѥǵ๮ Γ ᆅ ౛ Ꮲ ࣴ ‫ز‬ ύ ‫ޑ‬ ෳ ᡍ ว ৖ ሡ ा ว ৖ ཥ ‫ޑ‬ ෳᡍǵҭ ‫܈‬ /অ ‫ ׯ‬୯ Ѧ ᄤ Ԗෳᡍǻ ᙌ ᝿ ෳᡍᚒ ໨ ଓ ‫؃‬ ϸ ࢀ ๮ Γ ᆅ ౛ ‫ ޑ‬௃ ნ ҭ ‫ ځ ܈‬ද ၹ ፾ Ҕ ‫ ܄‬ǻ ჹ Ў ϯ ੝ ਸ ‫܄‬ ‫ޑ‬ Ⴃ ය Ўϯදӕ‫܄‬ Ўϯ੝ ਸ ‫܄‬ ٬ Ҕ ‫ޔ‬ ௗ ᙌ ᝿ ‫ڗ‬ ӛ (translation) অ ‫ׯ‬ ‫ڗ‬ ӛ (adaptation) ‫܈‬ অ ᓬ ࿯ ࣪ ਔ ໔ ᆶԋ ҁ ᓬ ࣬ ჹ ࣪ ਔ ࣪ Κ ‫ׯ‬ ς ё ‫ޔ‬ ௗ ၠ Ў ϯ К ၨ Ԗ ‫ޑ‬ લ ᙌ ᝿ ᇟ ཀ ϐ ჹ ฻ ‫܄‬ લ ᜤ ຾ Չ ၠ Ў ϯ К ၨ ෳ ෳ ᡍ ࡐ ᜤ ֹ ӄ ค Ў ϯ ৡ ౦ ၸ ࡋ অ ‫ׯ‬ ໪ ख़ ཥ ᡍ᛾ ᡍ ٰ ѐ ௃ ნ ϯ‫ڗ‬ ӛ (de-contextualization) ௃ ნ ϯ‫ڗ‬ ӛ (contextualization) ྍ ว ৖ ᓬ ё ว ৖ ቶ ‫ݱ‬ ፾ Ҕ ϐ ෳᡍ ᓬ ё ว ৖ ଯࡋ ፾ ӝ ङ ඳ ϐ ෳᡍ ཥ ‫ޑ‬ ё ‫ޔ‬ ௗ ว ৖ ፾ ӝ ङ ඳ ϐ ‫ ޕ‬᛽ ෳ ᡍ લ ਔ ໔ ᆶԋ ҁ ࣣ ၨ ଯ લ ਔ ໔ ᆶԋ ҁ ࣣ ၨ ଯ ࣬ ၨ ௃ ნ ϯ ‫ڗ‬ ӛ ෳໆ ࡰ ኱ ሡ ၨ ଯ ෳᡍ‫ ڀ‬Ӧ ୱ ߳ ज़ ‫܄‬ ‫ܜ‬ ຝ Н ྗ ᜤ ၠ Ў ϯ К ၨ ྎ ೯ 14 ጥ෻ፖิ៣ઔߒऱኔᢞֱऄCh11Ε12 P:14/33
΋ǵൂ ᆢ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ 1. ϙ ሶ ࢂ ᄬ‫ۺ‬ Ǹᄬ ‫ۺ‬ Ȑconstructȑ Ǻᔅ շ ‫ ע‬ᆅ ౛ ౜ ຝ ཷ ‫ ۺ‬ϯ ǴࣁΑ ࣽ Ꮲ ࣴ ‫ ز‬ᆶ౛ ፕ ࡌ ᄬ Զ ว ৖ р ٰǶExǺа ϼ )ether*> ? ှ ញ ႝ ᅶ ‫ݢ‬ ӧ ੿ ‫ޜ‬ ύ ‫ޑ‬ ໺ ኞ ǵಔ ᙃ ‫܍‬ ᒍ Ǹᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ‫ޑ‬ ੝ ቻ ȉ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ࢂ ࣴ ‫ز‬ ‫ޣ‬ ബ ೷ р ٰ‫ޑ‬ ǸҔ ‫ܭ‬ ࡌ ᄬ ౛ ፕ Ǹࡐ ё ૈ ѝ ࢂ ࣴ ‫ز‬ ‫ޣ‬ တ ύ ‫ޑ‬ Є གྷ Ǵό ૈ ϸ ࢀ ٣ ჴ ‫ޑ‬ ੿ ࣬ ȉࢂ ‫ܜ‬ ຝ ‫ ޑ‬ǵό ё ‫ޔ‬ ௗ ᢀ ჸ ‫ޑ‬ ȉᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ࢂ ᆶ౛ ፕ ‫ک‬ ኳ ࠠ ࣬ ᖄ ᛠ ‫ޑ‬ Ǹᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ᆶ ౛ ፕ ё а Ҕ ٰ ှ ញ ‫ک‬ Ⴃ ෳ ᆅ ౛ ‫ޑ‬ ౜ ຝ ω Ԗ ཀ က Ǹ྽ Ⴃ ෳ ‫ک‬ ှ ញ ࢌ ΋ ‫ޗ‬ ཮ ౜ ຝ Ǵό ሡ ा Ҕ ‫ډ‬ ࢌ ঁ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ Ǵ߾ Ԝ ΋ ౛ ፕ ฻ ‫ܭ‬ ؒ Ԗ ཀ က ȉᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ᔈ ၀ ࢂ మ ධ Զ ܴ ዴ ‫ޑ‬ • EXǺಔ ᙃ ᜢ ߯ Ǹ఼ က ቶ ‫ݱ‬ Ǵૈ ୼ ှ ញ ࡐ ӭ ౜ ຝ Ǹന ε ‫ޑ‬ ߳ ज़ ӧ ‫ܭ‬ ό ᆒ ዴ ᆶ ᜤ а ෳ ໆ Ǹ> ? ૸ ፕ ‫ޑ‬ ࢂ ব ᅿ ‫׎‬ Ԅ ‫ޑ‬ ᜢ ߯ ǻǼ ጥ෻ፖิ៣ઔߒऱኔᢞֱऄCh11Ε12 P:15/33
΋ǵൂ ᆢ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ 1.2ᄬ‫ ޑۺ‬ෳ ໆ (1/3) Ǹ ෳໆ‫ ܜ‬ຝ ‫ ۺ ཷ ޑ‬Ԗ ό ӕ Б ‫( ݤ‬Ψ ೚ ‫ ؂‬ᅿ ೿ ό ֹ ऍ )Ǵό ӕ Б ‫ ޑ ݤ‬ෳໆ่ ݀ ӧ ࢌ ٤ ำ ࡋ ΢ ё а ȹж ߄ ȹ೭ ٤ ᄬ ‫ ۺ‬Ƕ೭ ٤ ෳໆБ Ԅ ᆀ ࣁ Ԝ ΋ ᄬ ‫ࡰ ޑ ۺ‬኱ ExǺᚆ ᙍ ໼ ӛ (ᄬ ‫) ۺ‬ Ǹ ෳໆБ Ԅ Ǻୢ ‫5 ڔ‬ᗺ ໆ߄ =>த த གྷ ा ᚆ ໒ ೭ ৎ Ҿ ཰ Ǵ1=>ό ӕ ཀ Ǵ5=>ό ӕ ཀ Ǹ ෳໆኳ ࠠ Ǻ͐ɨx +͍ ጥ෻ፖิ៣ઔߒऱኔᢞֱऄCh11Ε12 P:16/33
΋ǵൂ ᆢ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ 1.2ᄬ‫ ޑۺ‬ෳ ໆ (2/3) Ǹђ ‫ڂ‬ ෳໆኳ ࠠ (ଷ ೛ ᇤ ৡ ࢂ ᒿ ᐒ த ᄊ ϩ ଛ ) Ǹၮ Ҕ ӭ ໨ ࡰ኱ Ǵ‫׎‬ ԋ Ȩໆ߄ ȩ Ǵӕ ਔ ෳໆ͐, x, ͍ Ǹђ ‫ڂ‬ ෳໆኳ ࠠ ύ Ǵᒿ ᐒ ᇤ ৡ ໨ ، ‫ ۓ‬Α ෳໆ‫ࡋ ߞ ޑ‬ Ǹၮ Ҕ ӭ ঁ ࡰ኱ ӕ ਔ ෳໆӕ ΋ ঁ ᄬ ‫ ۺ‬Ǵё а (෧ λ ᒿ ᐒ ᇤ ৡ )ቚ у ෳໆ‫ޑ‬ ߞ ࡋ Ǹᛙ ‫ۓ‬ ୃ ৡ բ Ҕ ‫ޑ‬ ਠ ҅ (EXǺ੝ ‫ ۓ‬঩ π ჹ ‫ ܭ‬Ϧ љ ‫) ـ ୃ ޑ‬ ጥ෻ፖิ៣ઔߒऱኔᢞֱऄCh11Ε12 P:17/33
΋ǵൂ ᆢ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ 1.2ᄬ‫ ޑۺ‬ෳ ໆ (3/3) Ǹ ӕ ឦ ෳໆኳ Ԅ (congeneric measurement model) ȉ ଷ ೛ Ǻ‫ঁ ؂‬໨ Ҟ ᆶࡰ ኱ ೿ ό ӕ ำ ࡋ Ӧ ϸ ࢀ ੿ ჴϩ ኧ‫ޑ‬ ॶ – ͓1,͓2,͓3 ж߄ ‫ ࡰঁ ؂‬኱ ‫ ៾ ޑ‬ख़ – у ៾ ॶ ͓ж߄ ‫ ࡰঁ ؂‬኱ ӧ ෳໆ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ‫ޑ‬ ਏ ࡋ Ǹ ෳໆӕ ΋ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ‫ޑ‬ ࡰ኱ ࢂ ցֹ ӄ ࣬ӕ Ǵ‫ڗ‬ ، ‫ܭ‬ ࣴ ‫ز‬ ‫ޣ‬ ᜢ‫ܭ‬ ෳໆၸ ำ ‫ޑ‬ ଷ ೛ ȉଷ ೛ ΋ Ǻ‫؂‬ ঁࡰ ኱ ೿ ࢂ ෳໆ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ᏾ ᡏ ǴҔ ব ঁࡰ ኱ ؒ Ԗϼ ε ᜢ ೱ ȉଷ ೛ Β Ǻ‫؂‬ ঁࡰ ኱ ೿ ѝ ෳໆ Α ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ‫ޑ‬ ΋ ೽ ҽ Ǵ߾‫ٿ‬ ঁࡰ ኱ ό ૈ жඹ ጥ෻ፖิ៣ઔߒऱኔᢞֱऄCh11Ε12 P:18/33
΋ǵൂ ᆢ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ 3ਏ ݀ ࡰ ኱ ᆶ ϸ ࢀ ‫ ࡰ ܄‬኱ (effect indicators/reflective indicators) ϸ ࢀ ‫܄‬ ࡰ኱ ϐ ੝ ቻ Ǻ Ǹ ջ ‫ܜ‬ ຝ ᄬ ‫ޑ ۺ‬ Ȩਏ ݀ ȩǴϸ ࢀ ‫ ࡰ ܄‬኱ ࢂ ݀ Ǵ࣮ ό ‫ ޑ ـ‬ᄬ ‫ ࢂ ۺ‬Ӣ Ǹ ό ૈ ‫ ע‬Ȩਏ ݀ (effect)ȩᆶȨ่ ݀ (outcome)ȩష ౄ ଆ ٰ -ࢂ ё ᢀ ෳ‫ޑ‬ ࡰ ኱ ᆶό ё ᢀ ෳ‫ ޑ‬ᄬ ‫ ۺ‬໔ ‫ ޑ‬ᜢ ߯ Ǹ ऩ ၮ Ҕ ߻ ॊ ‫ޑ‬ ଷ ೛ ΋ (‫ ࡰঁ ؂‬኱ ೿ ࢂ ෳໆ ᄬ ‫ ۺ‬᏾ ᡏ )Ǵ‫ ࡰঁ ؂‬኱ ೿ ‫ ى‬а ค ୃ ‫ޑ‬ ж߄ ΋ ঁ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ =>ё а Ҕ ӭ ঁࡰ ኱ ٰ෧ λ ᒿ ᐒ ᇤ ৡ Ǹ ϸ ࢀ ‫ ࡰ ܄‬኱ ϐ ໔ ࢂ ଯ࣬ ᜢ ‫( ޑ‬Ӣ ࣁǺ‫ ࡰঁ ؂‬኱ ೿ ࢂ ෳໆ ᄬ ‫ ۺ‬᏾ ᡏ )Ǵϸ ϐ ӵ ݀ ϸ ࢀ ‫܄‬ ࡰ ኱ ໔ ‫ ࣬ ޑ‬ᜢ ำ ࡋ ե Ǵ߾ж߄ Ԗୢ ᚒ ђ ‫ڂ‬ ኳ ࠠ ӕ ឦ ኳ ࠠ ጥ෻ፖิ៣ઔߒऱኔᢞֱऄCh11Ε12 P:19/33
΋ǵൂ ᆢ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ 4.ᄬԋ ࡰ ኱ ᆶ ‫ ׎‬ԋ ‫ ࡰ ܄‬኱ (1/3) ‫׎‬ ԋ ‫܄‬ ࡰ኱ ϐ ੝ ቻ Ǻ Ǹ‫׎‬ ԋ ‫܄‬ ࡰ ኱ Ȩᄬ ԋ Α ȩ೏ ෳໆ ‫ ޑ ޣ‬ό ё ᢀ ჸ ‫ ޑ‬ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ Ǹϸ ࢀ ‫܄‬ ࡰ ኱ ό ࢂ ᄬ ‫่ ޑ ۺ‬ ݀ ǹӕ ኬ ‫ ޑ‬Ǵ‫ ׎‬ԋ ‫ ࡰ ܄‬኱ ό ࢂ ‫ ܌‬ෳໆ ᄬ ‫߻ ޑ ۺ‬ Ӣ Ƕ Ǹ‫؂‬ ঁ‫׎‬ ԋ ‫܄‬ ࡰ ኱ ࢂ Ȩό ӄ ӄ Ӧ ȩϷ ȨԖୃ ৡ ‫ ޑ‬ȩж߄ ‫ ߄ ܌ ځ‬Ң ‫ ޑ‬ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ Ǹ‫ک‬ ϸ ࢀ ‫܄‬ ࡰ ኱ ό ӕ Ǵ‫ ׎‬ԋ ‫ ࡰ ܄‬኱ ໔ ؒ Ԗ੝ ձ ‫ ޑ‬ा ‫ ؃‬Ƕ ጥ෻ፖิ៣ઔߒऱኔᢞֱऄCh11Ε12 P:20/33
΋ǵൂ ᆢ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ 5. Ҕ ‫ ׎‬ԋ ‫ ࡰ ܄‬኱ ᆶ ϸ ࢀ ‫ ࡰ ܄‬኱ ՗ ी ᄬ‫ۺ‬ Ǹϸ ࢀ ‫܄‬ ࡰ ኱ .ዴ ᇡ ‫܄‬ Ӣ નϩ ‫݋‬ ኳ ࠠ ȉѝ Ҕ ෳ ໆ ኳ ࠠ ൩ ё а ՗ ी Ǹ‫׎‬ ԋ ‫܄‬ ࡰ ኱ .Կ Ͽ ᗋ ा Ԗ၀ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ‫ޑ‬ ќ Ѧ ‫ٿ‬ ঁ่ ݀ ᡂ ໨ ȉा Ҕ ᏾ ᡏ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ໔ ‫ޑ‬ Ӣ ݀ ่ ᄬ ኳ ࠠ ω ૈ ՗ ी ‫׎‬ ԋ ‫܄‬ ࡰ኱ ؒ ೏ ቶ ‫ݱ‬ ٬ Ҕ ‫ޑ‬ চ Ӣ 1. ‫ ׎‬ԋ ‫ ࡰ ܄‬኱ ‫ ޑ‬՗ ी ၨ ϸ ࢀ ‫ ࡰ ܄‬኱ ፄ ᚇ 2. ࣴ ‫ ز‬ӭ ъ வ ϸ ࢀ ‫ ࡰ ܄‬኱ ໒ ‫ۈ‬ 3. ‫ ׎‬ԋ ‫ ࡰ ܄‬኱ ‫ ޑ‬ᄬ ‫ ۺ‬ᆶ‫ ځ‬д ᄬ ‫ ۺ‬ϐ ໔ ‫ ޑ‬ᜢ ߯ ϩ ό ໒ ͐ Ҕ Ο ঁς ‫ޕ‬ ᡂ Ҕ Ο ঁБ ำ Ԅ ኧǴ‫ פ‬р ΋ ঁ ा ѐ ‫؃‬ ှ 5ঁ Ӆ ӕ Ӣ ન ҂ ‫ޕ‬ ୖ ኧ ጥ෻ፖิ៣ઔߒऱኔᢞֱऄCh11Ε12 P:21/33
΋ǵൂ ᆢ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ 6. ‫ ׎‬ԋ ‫ ࡰ ܄‬኱ ᆶ ϸ ࢀ ‫ ࡰ ܄‬኱ ‫ ځ ޑ‬д ୢ ᚒ (1)ϙ ሶ ਔ ং ᔈ ၀ ٬ Ҕ ব ᅿ ࡰ኱ Ǹ ٩ Ᏽ ౛ ፕ ȉ ‫׎‬ ԋ => ExǺ‫ ཮ ޗ‬፾ ᔈ ‫܄‬ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ȉ ϸ ࢀ ‫ ܄‬ᄬ ‫ >= ۺ‬ExǺ΋ ૓ ඵ ૈ ȉ ᚈ य़ ‫ ܄‬ᄬ ‫>= ۺ‬ExǺπ բ ᕮ ਏ Ǹ ‫ڗ‬ ، ‫ܭ‬ ࣴ ‫ز‬ Γ ঩ ӵ Ֆ ‫ۓ‬ က ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ Ǹ Ҕ ό ӕ Б Ԅ ‫ۓ‬ က Ǵᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ҁ ‫ي‬ ς ࿶ ว ғ ‫ׯ‬ ᡂ Ǹ ሡ ा Ӄ Α ှ ཷ ‫ۺ‬ ‫܄ ޑ‬ ፦ ࢂ ϸ ࢀ ‫܄‬ ᗋ ࢂ ‫׎‬ ԋ ‫܄‬ Ǵ຾ Զ ٩ Ᏽ Ѭ ‫ޑ‬ ‫܄‬ ፦ ٰว ৖ ჹ ᔈ ‫ޑ‬ ໆ ߄ (2)ё ૈӕ ਔ Ҕ ‫ ٿ‬ᅿ ࡰ኱ ෳໆӕ ΋ ঁ ᄬ ‫ ۺ‬༏ Ǹ ΋ ঁᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ό ࢂ Ҕ ‫׎‬ ԋ ‫܄‬ ࡰ ኱ ߄ Ң Ǵ൩ ࢂ Ҕ ϸ ࢀ ‫܄‬ ࡰ ኱ ߄ Ң Ǹ ΋ ঁᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ё ૈ ё а Ҕ ‫׎‬ ԋ ‫܄‬ ࡰ ኱ ߄ Ң Ǵҭ ё а Ҕ ϸ ࢀ ‫܄‬ ࡰ ኱ ߄ Ң Ǵՠ ό ཮ ӕ ਔ ‫ܫ‬ ӧ ӕ ΋ ໆ ߄ ύ ٬ Ҕ ጥ෻ፖิ៣ઔߒऱኔᢞֱऄCh11Ε12 P:22/33
΋ǵൂ ᆢ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ 6. ‫ ׎‬ԋ ‫ ࡰ ܄‬኱ ᆶ ϸ ࢀ ‫ ࡰ ܄‬኱ ‫ ځ ޑ‬д ୢ ᚒ (3)‫ ׎‬ԋ ‫ ܄‬ᄬ ‫ ۺ‬ว ৖ ໆ߄ ‫ ޑ‬ၸ ำ Ԗ Ֆ ό ӕ Ǹ Ԗ΋ ঁమ ධ ‫ޑ‬ ౛ ፕ ୷ ᘵ Ǵૈ ୼ ࡰ ܴ ࡑ ෳໆ ᄬ ‫ ܌ ۺ‬ा ఼ ᇂ ‫ ޑ‬ϣ ৒ Ǹ ໪ ा ԏ ໣ ኧᏵ Ǵբ ࣁ໨ Ҟ ‫ޑ‬ ߻ Ꮴ ࣴ ‫( ز‬pilot study) Ǹ ‫ࡰ ע‬ ኱ ᆶ໨ Ҟ ᕭ ෧ Ǵ٬ Ҕ SEM‫ ࡰ ע‬኱ ᆶ‫ ݀ ่ঁ ٿ‬ᡂ ໨ ΋ ଆ ϩ ‫݋‬ ‫פ‬ р ॄ ಻ ॶ (͋)Ǵ ͋ၨ λ ‫ࡰ ޑ‬ ኱ у а մ ନ Ǹ ӕ ኬ ሡ ा Ҭ ΰ ᡍ᛾ ኬ ҁ Ǵᔠ ᡍഭ Π ‫׎‬ ԋ ‫܄‬ ࡰ ኱ ‫ޑ‬ ᛙ ‫ۓ‬ ‫܄‬ (4) ӵ Ֆ ՗ ी ‫ ׎‬ԋ ‫ ܄‬ᄬ ‫ ۺ‬ϐ ໆ߄ ߞ ࡋ Ǹ ‫׎‬ ԋ ‫܄‬ ࡰ ኱ ໔ ‫ޑ‬ ᜢ ߯ ё ૈ ࣁ҅ ࣬ ᜢ ǵॄ ࣬ ᜢ ǴҔ ϣ ೽ ΋ ठ ‫ ޑ ܄‬Б ‫ݤ‬ ٰຑ ՗ ߞ ࡋ ؒ Ԗཀ က Ǹ ӆ ෳߞ ࡋ ࢂ ΋ ᅿ ၨ ࣁՉ ‫ޑ‬ Б ‫>= ݤ‬ሡ ٬ Ҕ ֹ ӄ ࣬ ӕ ‫ ่ ޑ‬ᄬ Б ำ ኳ ࠠ Ǹ ӵ ݀ ؒ Ԗ‫ޑ‬ ঁኬ ҁ ё а ଺ ӆ ෳߞ ࡋ ਔ Ƕќ ΋ ᅿ Б Ԅ ࢂ а ᇤ ৡ ᡂ ౦ ε λ ٰ՗ ी ෳໆ ߞ ࡋ ΢ य़ ‫ ฻ ޑ‬Ԅ ଷ ೛ Ǻᇤ ৡ ໨ (͎)ࣁ0Ǵ ߾R2=1.0=>ж߄ ‫ ܌‬Ԗ‫ ׎‬ԋ ‫ ࡰ ܄‬኱ ё а Ӆ ӕ ෳр ‫ ܌‬ा ෳໆ ‫ ޑ‬ᄬ ‫ ۺ‬Ǵؒ Ԗᒿ ᐒ ᇤ ৡ ǹё வ SEMϩ ‫ ݋‬ள ‫ ډ‬΢ ॊ ‫ ޑ‬R2(R2ຫ ε Ǵ ͎ຫ λ ж߄ ߞ ࡋ ຫ ଯ) ጥ෻ፖิ៣ઔߒऱኔᢞֱऄCh11Ε12 P:23/33
Βǵӭ ᆢ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ 1.ӭ ᆢ ᄬ‫ۺ‬ᆶ ൂ ᆢ ᄬ‫ޑۺ‬ ό ӕ Ǹ ൂ ᆢ =>ѝ Ԗ ᄬ ‫ ࢂ ۺ‬ό ё ᢀ ෳǵ‫ ܜ‬ຝ ǹࡰ኱ ߾ ࢂ ё ᢀ ෳ‫ ڀ ک‬ᡏ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ Ǹ ӭ ᆢ ᄬ ‫>= ۺ‬ᄬ ‫ ۺ‬ᆶ ‫ ځ‬Ӛ ᆢ ࡋ ೿ ࢂ ό ё ‫ ޔ‬ௗ ᢀ ෳ‫ۺ ཷ ޑ‬ Ǹ К ൂ ᆢ ‫ ׳‬ፄ ᚇ Ǹ ӭ ᆢ ᄬ ‫ ޑ ۺ‬Ο ᅿ ᜪ ࠠ ȉወ ӧ Ӣ નࠠ ӭ ᆢ ᄬ ǴLMC ‫ۺ‬ ȉӝ ‫ٳ‬ ࠠ ӭ ᆢ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ǴAMC ȉಔ ӝ ࠠ ӭ ᆢ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ǴPMC ጥ෻ፖิ៣ઔߒऱኔᢞֱऄCh11Ε12 P:24/33
Βǵӭ ᆢ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ 2.ӭ ᆢ ᄬ‫ ޑۺ‬Ο ᅿ ᜪ ࠠ X1 (1)ወ ӧ Ӣ ન ኳ ࠠ (Latent model ) ‫ܓ‬ ‫ה‬ X2 • LMCӚ ঁᆢ ࡋ ೿ ࢂ ӕ ΋ ঁᄬ ‫ ۺ‬ϐ ό ӕ ߄ ౜ X3 • EXǺಔ ᙃ Ϧ ҇ Չ ࣁOCB Ⴇ ঠ ֆ ‫ا‬ OCB ᝐ ஐ ሎ ೯ ୉ Ǹჹ ‫ܭ‬ ወ ӧ Ӣ ન ӭ ᆢ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ‫ޑ‬ ՗ ी – EXǺOCB=>Ӄ ՗ ी ϖ ঁᆢ ࡋ Ǵӆ ՗ ी ϖ ঁᆢ ࡋ ङ ࡕ ‫ޑ‬ ወ ӧ Ӣ ન ȉΨ ё а ‫ ޔ‬ௗ Ҕ ᚒ Ҟ ෳໆ ೭ ঁወ ӧ Ӣ નࠠ ӭ ϡ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ҁ ‫ي‬ ȉё а ӧ ࡰ ኱ ቫ य़ ຾ Չ ෳໆ ǴΨ ё а ӧ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ቫ य़ ‫ޔ‬ ௗ ෳໆ > ? ό კቫ य़ ‫ ۓ‬က ‫ޑ‬ ࣬ ӕ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ Ǵё а ӧ ό ӕ ቫ ԛ ෳໆ ጥ෻ፖิ៣ઔߒऱኔᢞֱऄCh11Ε12 P:25/33
Βǵӭ ᆢ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ 2.ӭ ᆢ ᄬ‫ ޑۺ‬Ο ᅿ ᜪ ࠠ X1 (2) ӝ ‫ ٳ‬ኳ ࠠ (aggregate model ) ‫ܓ‬ ‫ה‬ X2 • ӝ ‫ ࠠ ٳ‬ᄬ ‫ ޑ ۺ‬Ӛ ঁᆢ ࡋ ೿ ࢂ ӭ ᆢ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ‫ޑ‬ ό ӕ ಔ ԋ ԋ ϩ X3 • EXǺಔ ᙃ Ϧ ҇ Չ ࣁOCB Ⴇ ঠ ֆ ‫ا‬ Ǹӭ ᆢ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ‫ޑ‬ ՗ ी OCB – LMC-ዴ ᇡ ‫ ܄‬Ӣ નϩ ‫ ݋‬ኳ ࠠ ٰ՗ ी ᝐ ஐ – AMC-Կ Ͽ ᗋ ा Ԗ၀ ᄬ ‫ ޑ ۺ‬ќ Ѧ ‫ ݀ ่ঁ ٿ‬ᡂ ໨ Ǹӭ ᆢ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ Ԅ Ӣ ન ࠠ ᗋ ࢂ ӝ ‫ٳ‬ ࠠ ǻ ሎ ೯ ୉ ȉԵ ໆ ౛ ፕ ǵჴ᛾ ኳ Ԅ ࠨ ӝ ำ ࡋ ጥ෻ፖิ៣ઔߒऱኔᢞֱऄCh11Ε12 P:26/33
Βǵӭ ᆢ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ӭ ᆢ ᄬ‫ޑۺ‬ Ο ᅿ ᜪ ࠠ (3)ಔ ӝ ኳ ࠠ (profile model) • PMC᏾ ᡏ ᄬ ‫ࣁ ۺ‬Ӛ ঁᆢ ࡋ а ό ӕ Б Ԅ ‫ ޑ‬ಔ ӝ ǵӚ ᆢ ࡋ ‫ ܌‬ж߄ ੝ ቻ ‫ ޑ‬ಔ ӝ Ǹ ᄬ ‫ ۺ‬ҁ ‫ ࡽ ي‬ό ࢂ ‫ ܌‬Ԗᆢ ࡋ ङ ࡕ ‫ ޑ‬Ӆ ӕ Ӣ ન(LMC)ǴΨ ό ࢂ ‫ ځ‬Ӛ ᆢ ࡋ ‫ ޑ‬ጕ ‫ ܄‬ಔ ӝ (AMC) – EXǺ঩ π .ಔ ᙃ ᜢ ߯ > ? ය ఈ ‫ ޑ‬ଅ ᝘ ᆶ ග ‫ ޑ ٮ‬ᇨ Ӣ – EXǺಔ ᙃ Ў ϯ > ? ϣ ೽ ᏾ ӝ 0Ѧ ೽ ፾ ᔈ ǹMBTI=>ϣ Ѧ ӛ ǵག ᝺ ‫ޔ‬ ᝺ ǵག ௃ ࡘ ᆢ ǵղ ᘐ ‫ޕ‬ ᝺ • PMCό ࢂ ‫ ע‬ӭ ᆢ ᄬ ‫ ޑ ۺ‬΋ ٤ ࣬ ᜢ ᆢ ࡋ ᙁൂ ࡫෣ӧ ΋ ଆ )ό ૈ ϩ ໒ ൂ ᐱ ࣮ ঁձ ᆢ ࡋ * – EXǺಔ ᙃ Ϧ ѳ ё ϩ ࣁ ϩ ଛ Ϧ ѳ ǵำ ‫ׇ‬ Ϧ ѳ ǵૻ ৲ Ϧ ѳ ǵҬ ۳ Ϧ ѳ ǴҔ ೭ Ѥ ᅿ ѐ Ⴃ ෳ ಔ ᙃ ‫܍‬ ᒍ ࣬ ϕ ‫׫‬ၗ ‫׫‬ၗό ‫ى‬ ᜪ ౜ ೤ ࠨ ऊ ၸ ࡋ ‫׫‬ၗ ጥ෻ፖิ៣ઔߒऱኔᢞֱऄCh11Ε12 P:27/33
Βǵӭ ᆢ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ӭ ᆢ ᄬ‫ޑۺ‬ Ο ঁ ୢ ᚒ 1. Ο ᅿ ӭ ᆢ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ኳ ࠠ ࢂ ցς ࿶ ఼ ᇂ ‫܌‬ Ԗ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ᜪ ࠠ ǻ Ǹ Ҟ ߻ ѝ Ԗ೭ Ο ε ϩ ᜪ ǴΨ ය ࡑ Ԗཥ ‫ޑ‬ ϩ ᜪ ᆶว ౜ 2. ӭ ᆢ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ຾ Չ ‫ۓ‬ က ‫ޑ‬ Ѹ ा ‫܄‬ (ૈ ց ߡ ‫ ە‬Չ ٣ Ǵᇡ ࣁ ᇡ ࣁ ӭ ϡ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ࢂ ‫ځ‬ Ӛ ᆢ ࡋ ୼ ‫ۺ‬ ‫ޑ‬ ᕴ ࡴǴό ሡ ዴ ‫ۓ‬ Ӛ ᆢ ࡋ ᆶ ᏾ ᡏ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ໔ ϐ ᜢ ߯ ǻ) ȉ ཷ ࡴ ‫ޑ‬ ຒ ᇟ ‫ ܈‬኱ ᠸ Ǵӧ ຾ Չ ܴ ዴ ‫ޑ‬ ‫ۓ‬ က ϐ ߻ Ǵό ૈ ೏ ᇡ ࣁࢂ ΋ ঁᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ǴǴ‫׳‬ ό ૈ ଺ ୤ ΋ ঁᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ӧ ࣴ ‫ز‬ ύ ٬ Ҕ ଵ ӭ ᆢ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ EXǺҾ ཰ ᕮ ਏ ǵЎ ϯ ᣤ ‫ښ‬ ঴ ᔆ ๵ ᒤ ঴ ᔆ ᜎ ய ٞᄐᜎய ROA ROI ROI‫ ګ‬९ ঴ ጥ ૠ ྽ ؑ ‫ ۾‬෷ ؑ ‫ ۾‬෷ ‫ګ‬ ९ ጥ෻ፖิ៣ઔߒऱኔᢞֱऄCh11Ε12 P:28/33
Βǵӭ ᆢ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ӭ ᆢ ᄬ‫ޑۺ‬ Ο ঁ ୢ ᚒ 3.ؒ Ԗ ౛ ፕ ୷ ᘵ ٰ ᏾ ӝ ଵ ӭ ᆢ ᄬ ‫ ࢂ ܈ ۺ‬ჹ ᏾ ӝ ᏾ ᡏ ᄬ ‫ ؒ ۺ‬ᑫ ፪ ਔ Ǵ࡛ ሶ ଺ ǻ Ǹ ё ӧ ᆢ ࡋ ቫ य़ ග р ଷ ೛ ٠ ຾ Չ ᔠ ᡍǴՠ ό ૈ ଺ ᜢ ‫ܭ‬ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ᏾ ᡏ ‫ޑ‬ ่ ፕ Ƕ -EXǺಔ ᙃ Ϧ ѳ ჹ ᚆ ᙍ ໼ ӛ ϐ ቹ ៜ ࿓ ‫ݧ‬ ։ ಻ ิ ៣ Λ ᠦ ៭ Գ Ꮎ ֆ ؓ ຸ ‫ٻ‬ ಛ ஒ ጥ෻ፖิ៣ઔߒऱኔᢞֱऄCh11Ε12 P:29/33

More Related Content

PDF
απσ ειδικό μέροςπε6070
ictbepipedo
 
PDF
Khutbaat e Tahiriya Vol-2 By Allama Jameel Tahiri
Al-islah Networks
 
PDF
W 鴻安心-dm
huangmcintyre
 
PDF
Chaldean romans in syriac script
ArabBibles
 
PDF
Hidden logic
eshwayne
 
PDF
Cf80ceb1cf81ceb1cebfcebbcf85cebccf80ceb9ceb1cebaceac ceb1ceb8cebbceaecebcceb1...
feypapa82
 
PDF
関経連　道州制2011
祐太朗 久米
 
PDF
ދިވެހި ތަރުޖަމާ
Islamic Invitation
 
απσ ειδικό μέροςπε6070
ictbepipedo
 
Khutbaat e Tahiriya Vol-2 By Allama Jameel Tahiri
Al-islah Networks
 
W 鴻安心-dm
huangmcintyre
 
Chaldean romans in syriac script
ArabBibles
 
Hidden logic
eshwayne
 
Cf80ceb1cf81ceb1cebfcebbcf85cebccf80ceb9ceb1cebaceac ceb1ceb8cebbceaecebcceb1...
feypapa82
 
関経連　道州制2011
祐太朗 久米
 
ދިވެހި ތަރުޖަމާ
Islamic Invitation
 

Viewers also liked (10)

PDF
Network theory
eshwayne
 
PPTX
How to Gift & Use a Dhoombox
Ritu Gargya
 
DOCX
Mahesh Sonawane
Mahesh Sonawane
 
PDF
Dhoombox Rewards and Recognition
Ritu Gargya
 
PDF
Esh share
eshwayne
 
PDF
Brief format
eshwayne
 
DOCX
Mahesh Sonawane
Mahesh Sonawane
 
PDF
My sql특징 정리
parktaesoon
 
PDF
Srihcoop1
Kumpon Jitsue
 
PDF
The change of manufacturing injury pattern
eshwayne
 
Network theory
eshwayne
 
How to Gift & Use a Dhoombox
Ritu Gargya
 
Mahesh Sonawane
Mahesh Sonawane
 
Dhoombox Rewards and Recognition
Ritu Gargya
 
Esh share
eshwayne
 
Brief format
eshwayne
 
Mahesh Sonawane
Mahesh Sonawane
 
My sql특징 정리
parktaesoon
 
Srihcoop1
Kumpon Jitsue
 
The change of manufacturing injury pattern
eshwayne
 
Ad

Construct measure

  • 1. ΋ǵෳ ໆ ᆶ ᆅ ౛ Ꮲ ࣴ ‫ز‬ • ૈցᆒዴෳໆ࣬ᜢᡂኧǴࡐ ε ำ ࡋ ΢ ، ‫ ޑ ݀ ่ ز ࣴ ۓ‬ё ᎞ ำ ࡋ Ƕ • ෳໆ‫ ۓ ޑ‬က (Stevens.1968)Ǻࣴ ‫ ޣ ز‬ਥ Ᏽ ΋ ໨ ೕ ߾ ‫ ܈‬ᄍ ‫ ٯ‬ǴҔ ኧໆБ Ԅ ඔ ॊ ࣴ ‫ ز‬ჹ ຝ ‫ ڀ ܌‬ഢ ‫ ࢌ ޑ‬ᅿ ੝ ቻ ‫ ܈‬Չ ࣁ ǶԜ ΋ ၸ ำ ‫ ٬ ܌‬Ҕ ‫ ޑ‬π ‫ ڀ‬ᆀ ࣁ ෳᡍ • ࣴ ‫ ز‬ჹ ຝ ‫ ٿ ޑ‬ᅿ ෳໆБ Ԅ Ǻჴ ᡍ ᏹ ௓ ᆶ ୢ ‫ ڔ‬Ƕ – ჴᡍ/ྗჴᡍࣴ ‫ ׯ>= ز‬ᡂ ‫ ڙ‬၂ ‫ ڬ ޑ ޣ‬ᜐ ᕉ ნ Ǵ – ߚ ჴᡍࣴ ‫>= ز‬ճ Ҕ Ӛ ᅿ ‫ ׎‬Ԅ ‫ ޑ‬ୢ ‫ ڔ‬ໆ ߄ ٰෳໆ ཷ ‫ۺ‬ • ୢ ‫ ڔ‬ፓ ࢗ ‫ ࣁ ݤ‬Ҟ ߻ ๮ Γ ᆅ ౛ ࣴ ‫ ز‬ύ ന ද ၹ ‫ ޑ‬ၗ ਑ ᇆ ໣ Б Ԅ ǴӢ Ԝ Ԝ ጇ Ў ക ஒ ๱ ख़ ‫ ܭ‬ୢ ‫ ڔ‬Ο Б य़ ‫ ޑ‬ୢ ᚒ Ǻ – ෳໆ ࠔ ፦ ‫ ޑ‬ຑ ሽ – ෳᡍୢ ‫ ڔ‬ว ৖ ‫ ޑ‬΋ ૓ ‫ ؁‬ᡯ – ๮ Γ ᆅ ౛ ࣴ ‫ ز‬ύ π ‫ ڀ‬ୢ ‫ ڔ‬ໆ ߄ ‫ ܈‬ෳᡍว ৖ ‫ ڗ ޑ‬ӛ ᆶୢ ᚒ ጥ෻ፖิ៣ઔߒऱኔᢞֱऄCh11Ε12 P:1/33
  • 2. Βǵෳ ໆ ࠔ ፦ ‫ޑ‬ ຑ ሽ 1.౛ፕᄬ‫(ۺ‬construct)ᆶ ෳ ໆ ࡰ ኱ (indicator) – ε ӭ ኧᆅ ౛ Ꮲ ‫ ۺ ཷ ޑ‬ค ‫ ޔ ݤ‬ௗ ᢀ ჸ Ǵࣴ ‫ ٩ ޣ ز‬Ᏽ ჹ ೭ ٤ ཷ ‫ ޑ ۺ‬౛ ှ ‫ ۓ ک‬က Ǵ‫ ܜ ע‬ຝ ཷ ‫ ڀ ۺ‬ᡏ ϯ =>ᏹ բ ϯ (operationalization)ၸ ำ – ෳໆ ౛ ፕ ཷ ‫ ۺ‬ϐ ‫ ٿ‬ᅿ ෳໆ ࡰ ኱ Ǻ • ϸࢀ‫ࡰ܄‬኱(reflective indicator) Ǻ ࡰ ኱ ѝ ࣁᄬ ‫ ۺ‬Ѧ ӧ ‫ ߄ ޑ‬౜ ‫ ׎‬Ԅ Ǵ೯ த ϸ ࢀ ΋ Ӆ ӕ ‫ ޑ‬౛ ፕ ᄬ ‫ ۺ‬ǴӢ ݀ ᜢ ߯ җ ᄬ ‫ࡰ ۺ‬ ӛ ෳໆ ࡰ ኱ ǶკA Ƕ (ࡰ ኱ ໔ Ԗ ࡐ ε ‫ ޑ‬Ӆ ӕ ᡂ ౦ Ǵմ ନ ࢌ ΋ ࡰ ኱ Ǵό ‫ ׯ‬ᡂ ᄬ ‫ ֹ ۺ‬᏾ ‫) ܄‬ • ‫ ׎‬ԋ ‫ࡰ܄‬኱(formative indicator) Ǻ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ҥ ୷ ‫ ܭ‬ෳໆ ࡰ ኱ ‫ ޑ‬᏾ ӝ ୷ ᘵ ΢ Ǵࡰ ኱ ᇥ ܴ ᄬ ‫ ޑ ۺ‬ό ӕ ቫ य़ Ǵ Ӣ ݀ ᜢ ߯ җ ࡰ ኱ ࡰ Ң ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ǶკBǶ (ᄬ ‫ ܌ ࢂ ۺ‬Ԗ ࡰ ኱ ໔ ‫ ޑ‬΋ ঁ ό ё ϩ പ ᏾ ᡏ Ǵմ ନ ࢌ ΋ ࡰ ኱ ߾ ᄬ ‫ ۺ‬ό ֹ ᏾ ) ExΚ‫ޗ‬ ࿶ Ӧ Տ ExΚಔ ᙃ Ѝ ࡭ ‫ޕ‬ ᝺ ඒ ߛ ֽ ᄷ ਢ ‫ૹ ܡ‬ ီ ୉ ՠ ઢ ‫ܓ‬ ୮ அ ‫گ‬ Ե ༼ ࠎ ‫ڶ‬ რ ᆠ ՠ ‫܂‬ ୮ அ હ ན ‫ ޏ‬࿳ ՠ ‫܂‬ ᛩ ቼ ᣂ ֨ ୉ ՠ ‫ګ‬ ९ 2 ጥ෻ፖิ៣ઔߒऱኔᢞֱऄCh11Ε12 P:2/33
  • 3. Βǵෳ ໆ ࠔ ፦ ‫ޑ‬ ຑ ሽ 2.ᄬ‫ۺ‬ਏ ࡋ (construct validity) લഐ – ᄬ ‫ ۓ ޑ ۺ‬က ᆶ ෳᡍ ໔ ‫ ޑ‬΋ ठ ำ ࡋ (Schweb.1980)Ƕ – Ο ᅿ ቹ ៜ ෳᡍ ᄬ ‫ ۺ‬ਏ ࡋ ‫ ޑ‬চ Ӣ Ǻ • ᏹ բ ‫܄‬ ‫ۓ‬ က р ౜ ୃ ৡ • ᏹբ ‫ۓ ܄‬ က ค к ϩ ϸ ࢀ Ҟ ኱ ཷ ‫ۺ‬ • ෳᡍલЮ ߞ ࡋ Ԧ ࢉ ೷ ԋ ᄬ ഐ ਏ ࡋ લ ഐ ‫ ޑ‬চ Ӣ – લ ഐ (deficiency) Ǻჴ ሞ ෳໆύ ҂ х ֖ ᔈ ෳໆ‫ډ‬ ‫ޑ‬ ԋ ϩ Ƕ • EXΚಔ ᙃ Ϧ ҇ Չ ࣁ)OCB*> ? Ջ Б ว ৖ ‫ ޑ‬চ ‫ ۈ‬ୢ ‫ ڔ‬྽ ύ Ǵؒ Ԗх ֖ ȹ‫ ݙ‬ख़ Γ ሞ ‫ ک‬ᒋ ȹ‫ ޑ‬ԋ ϩ – Ԧ ࢉ (contamination) Ǻჴ ሞ ໆෳύ х ֖ ᄬ ‫ ۺ‬҂ ‫ ۓ‬က ԋ ϩ Ƕ‫ ٿ‬ᅿ ё ૈӵ Π 1. ෳໆ ྽ ύ ‫ ޑ‬ᒿ ᐒ ᇤ ৡ ᡂ ౦ (random error variance)=>ߞ ࡋ ե Ǵෳໆ ่ ݀ ຫ ό ё ᎞ 2. Ҟ ኱ ᄬ ‫ ۺ‬а Ѧ ‫ س ޑ‬಍ ᡂ ౦ (systematic variance)=>ᄬ ‫ ۓ ۺ‬က ‫ ޑ‬ᏹ բ ϯ ό ୼ ᆒ ዴ EXΚྒྷ ၦ ”ᠦ ៭ ႜ ‫ٻ‬ ”Δኙ ࣍ ”ิ ៣ ࢭ ᘭ ”ທ ‫ۆ ګ‬ ਩ 3 ጥ෻ፖิ៣ઔߒऱኔᢞֱऄCh11Ε12 P:3/33
  • 4. Βǵෳ ໆ ࠔ ፦ ‫ޑ‬ ຑ ሽ • ࣴ ‫ ޣ ز‬ᔈ ୲ ࡭ ୢ ‫ ڔ‬ϐ Ο চ ߾ Ǻ – ᅰ ё ૈ х ࡴ Ҟ ኱ ཷ ‫ ۺ‬ύ ‫ ޑ‬Ӛ ঁ೽ ҽ – ว ৖ р మ ཱ ‫ ޑ‬ෳໆ ࡰ ኱ Ǵ٬ ϐ ᅰ ໆ ό ‫ ځ ڙ‬д ࣬ ᜢ ཷ ‫ ۺ‬ቹ ៜ – ௓ ‫ ڋ‬ᒿ ᐒ Ӣ નჹ ෳᡍ‫ ޑ‬ቹ ៜ 4 ጥ෻ፖิ៣ઔߒऱኔᢞֱऄCh11Ε12 P:4/33
  • 5. Οǵෳ ᡍ ໆ ߄ ว ৖ ‫ޑ‬ ΋૓ ‫؁‬ ᡯ 1.ᄬ‫ۺ‬ᇥ ܴ (construct explication) – ྗ ዴ‫ ۓ‬က ा ෳໆ‫ ޑ‬ᄬ ‫ ۺ‬ᆶ ౛ ፕ ࣚ ज़ Ǵឍ ܴ ࣴ ‫ ز‬౜ ໨ ‫ ޑ‬ਡ Ј ੝ ቻ Ǵ٬ Ҕ ᆒዴ ᙁ ൂ ‫ ޑ‬ᇟ ‫ ۓ ق‬က ٠ ό ٬ Ҕ ᜪ ՟ Ӝ ຒ Ǵ่ ӝ ౜ Ԗ ‫ ૸ ޑ‬ፕ ᆶ ౛ ှ Ƕ – ӳ ‫ ۓ ޑ‬က ा ૈᇥ ܴ ෳໆᄬ ‫ ޑ ۺ‬Ѥ ᅿ ੝ ቻ Ǻ • ှ ញ ा ෳໆ‫ ۺ ཷ ޑ‬ᆶ ‫ ځ‬д ࣬߈ ᄬ ‫ ޑ ۺ‬ৡ ౦ ᗉ խ Ԧ ࢉ ᆶલഐ ό ‫ى‬ • ዴᇡ ౛ ፕ ཷ ‫ ޑ ۺ‬ቫ ԛ ࢂ ঁᡏ ǻҭ ‫܈‬ ი ໗ ‫܈‬ ဂ ᡏ ‫ޑ‬ ቫ ԛ ǻ • ዴᇡ ᄬ ‫ ܌ ۺ‬ᔈ х ֖ ‫ ޑ‬ϣ ೽ ԋ ҽ ಃ Μ Β ക =>ൂ ΋ (uni-dimensional)ᆢ ࡋ ‫ ࢂ ܈‬ӭ ঁ(multi-dimensional)ᆢ ࡋ ǻ • ᇥ ܴ ᄬ ‫ ۺ‬Ь ा ‫ ߻ ޑ‬Ӣ ǵ࣬ᜢϷ ࡕ ݀ ᡂ໨ 5 ጥ෻ፖิ៣ઔߒऱኔᢞֱऄCh11Ε12 P:5/33
  • 6. Οǵෳ ᡍ ໆ ߄ ว ৖ ‫ޑ‬ ΋૓ ‫؁‬ ᡯ 2.ౢ ғ ෳ ᡍ ᚒ Ҟ (item generation) – ᘜ ય ‫ݤ‬ (inductive approach) • ჹ ‫ ܭ‬གྷ Α ှ ‫ ޑ‬౜ ຝ ‫ ޕ ۺ ཷ ک‬ၰ ࣗ Ͽ Ǵค ‫ ݤ‬ඓ ඝ ว ৖ ཷ ‫ ܌ ۺ‬ሡ ‫ ޑ‬ᜢ ᗖ ࡰ ኱ ᆶϣ ೽ ่ ᄬ • җ Π Զ ΢ Ǵၸ ፦ ϯ Б ‫ ่ ܈ ݤ‬ӝ ౜ ԖЎ ᝘ Ǵౢ ғ ෳᡍှ ࡰ ኱ ǵᕕ ှ ෳᡍϣ ৒ Ƕ • ϖ ᅿ ᇆ ໣ চ ‫ ۈ‬ᚒ ‫ ׷‬ǵዴ ᇡ ᄬ ‫ ۺ‬ᜐ ࣚ ‫ ޑ‬Б ‫ ݤ‬Ǻᜢ ᗖ ٣ ‫( ݤ ٯ‬critical incident) Εข ᗺ ი ᡏ ೖ ፋ (focus group interview) ΕঁΓ य़ ፋ (personal interview)Ε໒ ‫ ܫ‬Ԅ ୢ ‫ڔ‬ (open-ended survey) ΕΒ Ћ ၗ ਑ ‫( ݤ‬secondary data)Ƕ • ा б р ၨ ӭ Ј Κǵय़ ჹ ၨ ӭ ࡷ Ꮿ =>ኬ ҁ ж߄ ‫ ܄‬ǻϣ ৒ ϩ ‫ ؁ ݋‬ᡯ ࢂ ց Ԗલഐ ǻ – ᄽ ᛢ ‫ݤ‬ (deductive approach) • ೸ ၸ Ў ᝘ ӣ ៝ ዴ ᇡ ᄬ ‫ ۺ‬ጄ ൎ Ǵࣁҗ ΢ Զ Π ‫ ޑ‬ኳ Ԅ Ǵෳᡍ໨ Ҟ җ ࣴ ‫ ޣ ز‬ჹ ᄬ ‫ޑ ۺ‬ Α ှ Զ ว ৖ р ٰǶ • ၨ ࣁத ‫ـ‬ – ᘜ ય ‫ ݤ‬ᆶ ᄽ ᛢ ‫ ݤ‬ё ΋ ‫ ٬ ٳ‬Ҕ Ƕ – Clark&Watson(1995)௢ ᙚ ‫ ٿ‬໨ (ዴ ߥ ϣ ৒ ਏ ࡋ )ࡰᏤ চ ߾ Ǻ • ෳᡍ໨ Ҟ /ࡰ ኱ ᔈ К Ҟ ኱ ᄬ ‫ ܌ ۺ‬х ֖ ‫ ޑ‬ϣ ৒ ‫׳‬ቶ • ෳᡍ໨ Ҟ /ࡰ ኱ ᔈ х ֖ ΋ ٤ ค ‫ ݤ‬ዴ ᇡ ՠ ന ࡕ ೏ ᛾ ܴ ࢂ ค ᜢ ‫ ܈‬ᆶҞ ኱ ό ಄ ϐ ϣ ৒ 6 ጥ෻ፖิ៣ઔߒऱኔᢞֱऄCh11Ε12 P:6/33
  • 7. Οǵෳ ᡍ ໆ ߄ ว ৖ ‫ޑ‬ ΋૓ ‫؁‬ ᡯ 3.ϣ ৒ ਏ ࡋ (content validity)‫ ޑ‬ຑ ሽ – ϣ ৒ ਏ ࡋ Ǻࡰෳᡍ ϣ ৒ ӧ ӭ ε ำ ࡋ ΢ Ǵϸ ࢀ ӭ Ͽ ࣴ ‫ ܌ ޣ ز‬ा ෳໆ‫ ޑ‬ᄬ ‫ ۺ‬Ƕ (Haynes, Richard & Kubany, 1995) – ϣ ৒ ਏ ࡋ ‫ ډ ڙ‬ཞ ্ ‫ ޑ‬Ο ᅿ ‫ݩ ރ‬ (Haynes et al , 1995) 1. ᒪ ᅅ Α ΋ ٤ ϸ ࢀ ᄬ ‫ ۺ‬ϣ ৒ ‫ ࡰ ޑ‬኱ 2. х ֖ ΋ ٤ ᆶᄬ ‫ ۺ‬ϣ ৒ ค ᜢ ‫ ࡰ ޑ‬኱ 3. ՗ ी ᄬ ‫ ޑ ۺ‬ό ӕ ԋ ϩ ჹ ‫ ܭ‬ෳᡍϩ ኧ‫ ޑ‬ቹ ៜ ਔ Ǵр ౜ ୃ ሥ – ຑ ໆෳᡍ ϣ ৒ ਏ ࡋ ‫ ޑ‬Б ‫ ݤ‬Ǻ • ፦ ϯ Б ‫ ݤ‬Ǻ೸ ၸ ΋ ಔ ஑ ৎ Ь ᢀ ղ ᘐ Ǵෳໆ ࢂ ց ಄ ӝ д ॺ ჹ Ԝ ΋ ᄬ ‫ ޑ ۺ‬ᇡ ᛽ 1.ᔠ ࢗ ‫ ؂‬΋ ࡰ ኱ ࢂ ց ‫ ڀ‬Ԗж߄ ‫ ܄‬Ǵᆶ‫ ޑ ۓ ࣚ ܌‬ϣ ৒ ᆶՉ ࣁ໔ ࢂ ց Ԗ፾ Ϫ ᜢ ᖄ 2.ෳᡍࡰ ኱ ᆶᄬ ‫ ۓ ۺ‬က ໔ ΋ ΋ ౢ ғ ჹ ᔈ 3.ό ૈ ϼ ϩ ණ ‫ ܈‬໣ ύ ‫ ܭ‬ᄬ ‫ ࢌ ޑ ۺ‬΋ ԋ ҽ • ໆ ϯ Б ‫ ݤ‬Ǻ 1.‫ ޔ‬ௗ ຑ ሽ ෳᡍ໨ Ҟ ᆶᄬ ‫ ۓ ۺ‬က ‫ ޑ‬ϰ ଛ ำ ࡋ Ǵຑ ሽ ‫ ޣ‬໻ ሡ வ ᇡ ‫ ޕ‬΢ ղ ᘐ ᄬ ‫ۓ ۺ‬ က ‫ ک‬ෳᡍࡰ ኱ ໔ ‫ ޑ‬ᜢ ߯ ջ ё (Schrieshein & Hinkin 1990)=>࣬ ჹ Ь ᢀ 2.ӧ ‫ ׵‬լ ੝ ໆ ߄ ΢ ղ ᘐ =>ෳᡍࡰ ኱ ӧ ӭ ε ำ ࡋ ΢ Ǵϸ ࢀ ᄬ ‫ ۺ‬ϣ ఼ ǹӧ ຾ Չ ࡕ ុ ᡂ ౦ ኧϩ ‫ ݋‬ǴК ၨ ᄬ ‫ ۺ‬ள ϩ Ǵղ ᘐ ϣ ৒ ਏ ࡋ (Hinkin & Tracey, 1999) 7 ጥ෻ፖิ៣ઔߒऱኔᢞֱऄCh11Ε12 P:7/33
  • 8. Οǵෳ ᡍ ໆ ߄ ว ৖ ‫ޑ‬ ΋૓ ‫؁‬ ᡯ 4. ϣ ೽ ่ ᄬ(internal structure)‫ ޑ‬ᔠ ᡍ – ෳໆ౛ ፕ ‫ ୷ ޑ‬ҁ ଷ ೛ Ǻ ൂ ᆢ ࡋ ‫( ܄‬uni-dimensionality)=>ෳᡍ ࡰ኱ ໪ ૈϸ ࢀ ӕ ΋ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ Δ‫܌‬ ள р ϐ ᢀ ෳ ॶ ω Ԗ ཀ က ȉа Ӣ ન ϩ ‫ ݋‬ຑ ሽ ෳᡍ ϣ ೽ ่ ᄬ • ௖ ઩ ‫( ܄‬exploratory) Ǻ – લЮ మ ཱ ౛ ፕ ࡰ Ꮴ ǵ፾ ӝ ෳᡍว ৖ ߃ ය ٬ Ҕ – ‫܌ ע‬ Ԗෳໆ ࡰ ኱ ‫ܫ‬ ӧ ΋ ଆ Ǵ຾ Չ Ӣ નϩ ‫ ݋‬Ǵी ᆉ Ӣ નॄ ಻ ໆ (factor loading) – ղ ᘐ ٩ Ᏽ Ǻӕ ΋ ᆢ ࡋ ࡰ ኱ ‫ ޑ‬factor loadingຫ ε (೯ த ሡ ଯ‫)4.0 ܭ‬ǵЪ ӧ ‫ ځ‬д ᆢ ࡋ ‫ޑ‬ Ӣ નॄ ಻ ຫ λ Ǵж߄ ᄬ ‫ ۺ‬ਏ ࡋ ຫ ଯ – ٩ Ᏽ а ΢ ၗ ૻ Ǵղ ‫ ۓ‬ব ٤ ࡰ ኱ ᔈ ၀ ೏ ক ନ ǵٗ ٤ ᆢ ࡋ ᔈ ၀ ቚ у ࡰ ኱ Ǵа ຾ ΋ ‫؁‬ ዴ ᇡ ϣ ೽ ่ ᄬ • ዴᇡ ‫܄‬ (confirmatory) Ǻ – ӧ ੃ ନ ෳໆ ᇤ ৡ ‫ ޑ‬௃ ‫ ݩ‬Π Ǵᢀ ჸ ෳᡍࡰ ኱ ᆶଷ ೛ ኳ ࠠ ࠨ ӝ ำ ࡋ (model fit) – ӵ ‫ ࠨ ޣ ٿ‬ӝ ࡋ ό ٫ Ǵ߾ё ჸ ࣮ ՗ ी ၸ ำ ύ ౢ ғ ‫ ޑ‬অ ҅ ߯ ኧ(modification indices) ΔԵ ቾ ೸ ၸ ‫ ׯ‬ᡂ ࢌ ٤ ज़ ‫ ڋ‬చ ҹ Ǵග ଯࠨ ӝ ࡋ 8 ጥ෻ፖิ៣ઔߒऱኔᢞֱऄCh11Ε12 P:8/33
  • 9. Οǵෳ ᡍ ໆ ߄ ว ৖ ‫ޑ‬ ΋૓ ‫؁‬ ᡯ 4. ϣ ೽ ่ ᄬ(internal structure)‫ ޑ‬ᔠ ᡍ – Ӣ ન ϩ ‫ ݋‬ჹ ‫ ܭ‬ϸ ࢀ ‫ ܄‬ᆶ ‫ ׎‬ԋ ‫ࡰ ܄‬኱ ೿ ፾ Ҕ Ǵՠ ఼ က ό ӕ – ൩௖ ઩ ࠠ Ӣ ન ϩ ‫ ݋‬Զ ‫ق‬ • ϸ ࢀ ‫ ࡰ ܄‬኱ =>ӧ ‫ ܭ‬ှ ញ ࡰ ኱ ໔ ‫ ࣬ ޑ‬ᜢ Ǵ՗ ी ೭ ٤ ࡰ ኱ ᆶӅ ӕ Ӣ ન໔ Ӹ ӧ ‫ ޑ‬Ӆ ӕ Ӣ ન(common factor) • ‫ ׎‬ԋ ࠠ ࡰ ኱ =>೸ ၸ ෳᡍࡰ ኱ ౢ ғ ΋ ঁЬ ԋ ϩ (principle component) Δ՗ ी ೭ ٤ ᢀ ෳ ࡰ ኱ ‫ ׎‬ԋ Ԝ ΋ Ь ԋ ϩ ਔ ‫ ޑ‬ό ӕ ៾ ख़ – ൩ዴᇡ ‫ ܄‬Ӣ ન ϩ ‫݋‬ Զ ‫ق‬ Ǵ • ϸ ࢀ ‫ ࡰ ܄‬኱ =>Ӣ ݀ ᜢ ߯ ࢂ җ Ӆ ӕ ԋ ϩ ࡰ ӛ ‫ ځ‬ෳໆ ‫ ࡰ ޑ‬኱ • ‫ ׎‬ԋ ࠠ ࡰ ኱ =>җ ෳໆ ࡰ ኱ ࡰ ӛ ‫ ܌ ځ‬՗ ी ‫ ޑ‬Ь ԋ ϩ (೷ ԋ ค ‫ ݤ‬՗ ी ‫ ځ‬ෳໆ ኳ ࠠ ‫ ޑ‬ਏ ࡋ ) 9 ጥ෻ፖิ៣ઔߒऱኔᢞֱऄCh11Ε12 P:9/33
  • 10. Οǵෳ ᡍ ໆ ߄ ว ৖ ‫ޑ‬ ΋૓ ‫؁‬ ᡯ 5.ϣ ೽ ΋ ठ ‫܄‬ (internal consistency)ᆶ ᛙ ‫܄ ۓ‬ (stability)‫ ޑ‬ຑ ሽ – а ߞ ࡋ ٰ ຑ ሽ ෳᡍ ่ ݀ ‫ ޑ‬΋ ठ ‫ ܄‬ǵᛙ ‫ ܄ ۓ‬ᆶ ё ᎞ ‫܄‬ – ߞ ࡋ ‫ ۓ ޑ‬က Ǻෳໆ่ ݀ ҂ ‫ ڙ‬ᇤ ৡ ቹ ៜ ‫ ޑ‬ำ ࡋ (American Psychological Association, 1985:19) – ෳᡍ ‫ ੿ ޑ‬ჴ ϩ ኧᆶ ᇤ ৡ ค ‫ ޔ ݤ‬ௗ ෳໆǴѝ ૈ೸ ၸ Б ‫ ݤ‬໔ ௗ ՗ ी – Ο ᅿ ෳໆߞ ࡋ ‫ ޑ‬Б ‫ ݤ‬Ǻ • ჹ ฻ ෳᡍ (parallel forms) – ӕ ਔ ӣ เ ‫ ٿ‬ᅿ ฻ ਏ Ǵՠ ‫ ހ‬ҁ ό ӕ ‫ ޑ‬ෳᡍǴෳᡍ‫ ࣬ ޑ ݀ ่ ޑ‬ᜢ ߯ ኧຫ ଯǴж ߄ ෳᡍ‫ ߯ ࡋ ߞ ޑ‬ኧΨ ຫ ଯ=>ࡼ Չ ၨ ֚ ᜤ ǵܰ ᎁ ‫ ڙ‬၂ ‫ ޣ‬ϸ ག • ຑ ሽ ෳᡍ ‫ ޑ‬ϣ ೽ ΋ ‫ ܄ ݯ‬ᆶ ࡰ኱ ໔ ‫ ޑ‬ӕ ፦ ‫ ܄‬Ǻ – ‫ ש‬ъ ߞ ࡋ Ǻϩ ‫ڻ‬ ኧ‫܈‬ ଽ ኧᚒ ǴӚ Ծ ᐱ ҥ ी ϩ Ǵी ᆉ ‫ٿ‬ ಔ ள ϩ ‫ޑ‬ ࣬ ᜢ – ৤ ‫ ࡋ ߞ ׵‬Ǻଞ ჹ ࢂ ߚ ᚒ ी Б ‫ݤ‬ ‫ޑ‬ ߞ ࡋ ՗ – Cronbach ͉Ǻ΋ ૓ ा ‫ ॶ ؃‬ε ‫>=7.0 ܭ‬ՠ ෳᡍϣ ೽ ‫ ޑ‬΋ ठ ‫ ߯ ܄‬ኧຬ ၸ ΋ ‫ ۓ‬Н ྗǴό ՠ ό ճ ‫ܭ‬ ᄬ ‫ ۺ‬ਏ ࡋ Ǵϸ Զ ཮ ߺ ১ ϣ ৒ ਏ ࡋ (Clark & Watsons, 1995) • ӆ ෳߞ ࡋ (test-retest reliability) Κό ӕ ਔ ໔ Ǵ٬ Ҕ ӕ ΋ ෳᡍ໗ ӕ ΋ ಔ ୖ ᆶ‫ࡼ ޣ‬ ෳǴ΋ ኬ ࣮ ‫ٿ‬ ԛ ෳᡍ‫ޑ‬ ࣬ ᜢ ߯ ኧ=>ό ፾ ӝ ‫׎‬ ԋ ‫܄‬ ࡰ ኱ ‫ޑ‬ ຑ ՗ &‫ ڙ‬၂ ‫ ཮ ޣ‬Ԗ૶ Ꮻ ฻ υ ᘋ 10 ጥ෻ፖิ៣ઔߒऱኔᢞֱऄCh11Ε12 P:10/33
  • 11. Οǵෳ ᡍ ໆ ߄ ว ৖ ‫ޑ‬ ΋૓ ‫؁‬ ᡯ 6.ԏ ᔙ ਏ ࡋ (convergent validity)ᆶ ୔ ᒣ ਏ ࡋ (discriminant validity) ჹ ‫ܭ‬ ෳᡍϣ ೽ ่ ᄬ ‫ک‬ ໆ ෳᇤ ৡ ‫ޑ‬ ϩ ‫݋‬ Ǵѝ ࢂ ዴ ߥ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ਠ ‫ޑ‬ Ѹ ा చ ҹ Զ ߚ к ϩ చ ҹ – ԏ ᔙ ਏ ࡋ Ǻ • ό ӕ Б ‫ ݤ‬ෳໆ ӕ ΋ ᄬ ‫ ۺ‬Ǵᔈ ଯࡋ ࣬ ᜢ • EXǺຑ ሽ ঩ π ૈ ΚǴ฽ ၂ ‫ ک‬α ၂ ‫ ܌‬ள ϩ ኧᔈ ၀ ΋ ठ – ୔ ᒣ ਏ ࡋ Ǻ • ό ӕ Б ‫ ݤ‬ෳໆ ό ӕ ᄬ ‫ ۺ‬Ǵ࣬ ᜢ ‫ ܄‬ᔈ ό ଯ • EXǺข ቾ ‫ ک‬ϣ ӛ Ǵ‫ ࣬ ځ‬ᜢ ό ᔈ ϼ ଯ – ԏ ᔙ ਏ ࡋ ᆶ ୔ ձ ਏ ࡋ ‫ ޑ‬ᔠ ᡍ Б ‫ ݤ‬Ǻ • MTMM(multi-traits multi-methods) Ǵό ӕ Б ‫( ݤ‬EXǺԾ ຑ ‫ݤ‬ǵӕ Ꮖ ຑ ϩ ‫ݤ‬ǵፓ ࢗ ‫)ݤ‬ໆෳӭ ঁ ੝ ‫ ܄‬Ǵౢ ғ ࣬ᜢં ତ Ǵ‫ ځ‬ၨ ‫ ڀ‬ᇥ ܺ Κ • ่ ᄬ Б ำ ኳ ࠠ (structural equation modeling,SEM) Ǵा ‫࣬ ؃‬ჹ ၨ ե 7.ᡄ ᒠ ᜢ ߯ ᆛ (nomological network)‫ ࡌ ޑ‬ҥ – ೸ ၸ ᡄ ᒠ ϩ ‫ ݋‬ᆶЎ ᝘ ӣ ៝ Ǵჹ ‫ ܭ‬ᡂ ࣬ ໔ ‫ ޑ‬ᜢ ߯ ଺ р ಄ ӝ ౛ ፕ Ⴃ ය ‫ ޑ‬ଷ ೛ Ǵӆ ೸ ၸ ࣬ ᜢ ಍ ी π ‫ ڀ‬Ǵჹ ೭ ٤ ᜢ ߯ ຾ Չ ᔠ ᡍ – ๱ ख़ ᡂ ໨ ໔ Ӣ ݀ ᜢ ߯ ύ ௢ ፕ ෳᡍ‫ ޑ‬ᄬ ‫ ۺ‬ਏ ࡋ Ǵߚ ൂ પ ຑ ሽ ෳᡍࡰ ኱ ‫ ܈‬໨ Ҟ ‫ ࠔ ޑ‬፦ Ƕ 11 ጥ෻ፖิ៣ઔߒऱኔᢞֱऄCh11Ε12 P:11/33
  • 12. Οǵෳ ᡍ ໆ ߄ ว ৖ ‫ޑ‬ ΋૓ ‫؁‬ ᡯ ԏ ᔙ ਏ ࡋ (convergent validity)ᆶ ୔ ᒣ ਏ ࡋ (discriminant validity)ံк MTMM (multi-traits multi-methods) ֱ ऄ 1 ֱ ऄ 2 ֱ ऄ 3 ௽ ᔆ A1 B1 C1 A2 B2 C2 A3 B3 C3 A1 .89 ֱ ऄ 1 B1 .51 .89 C1 .38 .37 .76 A2 .57 .22 .09 .93 ֱ ऄ 2 B2 .22 .57 .10 .68 .94 C2 .11 .11 .46 .59 .58 .84 A3 .56 .22 .11 .67 .42 .33 .94 ֱ ऄ 3 B3 .23 .58 .12 .43 .66 .34 .67 .92 C3 .11 .11 .45 .34 .32 .58 .58 .60 .85 ઌ ‫ٵ‬ ֱ ऄ Δઌ ‫ٵ‬ ௽ ᔆ (ॾ ৫ ) ઌ ‫ٵ‬ ֱ ऄ Δլ ‫ٵ‬ ௽ ᔆ =>઎ ࢖ ‫ڼ‬ հ ၴ ऱ ೴ ܑ լ ‫ٵ‬ ֱ ऄ Δઌ ‫ٵ‬ ௽ ᔆ (ய ৫ ) լ ‫ٵ‬ ֱ ऄ Δլ ‫ٵ‬ ௽ ᔆ =>ᚨ ᇠ ઌ ᣂ এ ᑇ ૞ ‫܅‬ 12 ጥ෻ፖิ៣ઔߒऱኔᢞֱऄCh11Ε12 P:12/33
  • 13. Οǵෳ ᡍ ໆ ߄ ว ৖ ‫ޑ‬ ΋૓ ‫؁‬ ᡯ ԏ ᔙ ਏ ࡋ (convergent validity)ᆶ ୔ ᒣ ਏ ࡋ (discriminant validity)ံк SEM 13 ጥ෻ፖิ៣ઔߒऱኔᢞֱऄCh11Ε12 P:13/33
  • 14. Ѥǵ๮ Γ ᆅ ౛ Ꮲ ࣴ ‫ز‬ ύ ‫ޑ‬ ෳ ᡍ ว ৖ ሡ ा ว ৖ ཥ ‫ޑ‬ ෳᡍǵҭ ‫܈‬ /অ ‫ ׯ‬୯ Ѧ ᄤ Ԗෳᡍǻ ᙌ ᝿ ෳᡍᚒ ໨ ଓ ‫؃‬ ϸ ࢀ ๮ Γ ᆅ ౛ ‫ ޑ‬௃ ნ ҭ ‫ ځ ܈‬ද ၹ ፾ Ҕ ‫ ܄‬ǻ ჹ Ў ϯ ੝ ਸ ‫܄‬ ‫ޑ‬ Ⴃ ය Ўϯදӕ‫܄‬ Ўϯ੝ ਸ ‫܄‬ ٬ Ҕ ‫ޔ‬ ௗ ᙌ ᝿ ‫ڗ‬ ӛ (translation) অ ‫ׯ‬ ‫ڗ‬ ӛ (adaptation) ‫܈‬ অ ᓬ ࿯ ࣪ ਔ ໔ ᆶԋ ҁ ᓬ ࣬ ჹ ࣪ ਔ ࣪ Κ ‫ׯ‬ ς ё ‫ޔ‬ ௗ ၠ Ў ϯ К ၨ Ԗ ‫ޑ‬ લ ᙌ ᝿ ᇟ ཀ ϐ ჹ ฻ ‫܄‬ લ ᜤ ຾ Չ ၠ Ў ϯ К ၨ ෳ ෳ ᡍ ࡐ ᜤ ֹ ӄ ค Ў ϯ ৡ ౦ ၸ ࡋ অ ‫ׯ‬ ໪ ख़ ཥ ᡍ᛾ ᡍ ٰ ѐ ௃ ნ ϯ‫ڗ‬ ӛ (de-contextualization) ௃ ნ ϯ‫ڗ‬ ӛ (contextualization) ྍ ว ৖ ᓬ ё ว ৖ ቶ ‫ݱ‬ ፾ Ҕ ϐ ෳᡍ ᓬ ё ว ৖ ଯࡋ ፾ ӝ ङ ඳ ϐ ෳᡍ ཥ ‫ޑ‬ ё ‫ޔ‬ ௗ ว ৖ ፾ ӝ ङ ඳ ϐ ‫ ޕ‬᛽ ෳ ᡍ લ ਔ ໔ ᆶԋ ҁ ࣣ ၨ ଯ લ ਔ ໔ ᆶԋ ҁ ࣣ ၨ ଯ ࣬ ၨ ௃ ნ ϯ ‫ڗ‬ ӛ ෳໆ ࡰ ኱ ሡ ၨ ଯ ෳᡍ‫ ڀ‬Ӧ ୱ ߳ ज़ ‫܄‬ ‫ܜ‬ ຝ Н ྗ ᜤ ၠ Ў ϯ К ၨ ྎ ೯ 14 ጥ෻ፖิ៣ઔߒऱኔᢞֱऄCh11Ε12 P:14/33
  • 15. ΋ǵൂ ᆢ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ 1. ϙ ሶ ࢂ ᄬ‫ۺ‬ Ǹᄬ ‫ۺ‬ Ȑconstructȑ Ǻᔅ շ ‫ ע‬ᆅ ౛ ౜ ຝ ཷ ‫ ۺ‬ϯ ǴࣁΑ ࣽ Ꮲ ࣴ ‫ ز‬ᆶ౛ ፕ ࡌ ᄬ Զ ว ৖ р ٰǶExǺа ϼ )ether*> ? ှ ញ ႝ ᅶ ‫ݢ‬ ӧ ੿ ‫ޜ‬ ύ ‫ޑ‬ ໺ ኞ ǵಔ ᙃ ‫܍‬ ᒍ Ǹᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ‫ޑ‬ ੝ ቻ ȉ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ࢂ ࣴ ‫ز‬ ‫ޣ‬ ബ ೷ р ٰ‫ޑ‬ ǸҔ ‫ܭ‬ ࡌ ᄬ ౛ ፕ Ǹࡐ ё ૈ ѝ ࢂ ࣴ ‫ز‬ ‫ޣ‬ တ ύ ‫ޑ‬ Є གྷ Ǵό ૈ ϸ ࢀ ٣ ჴ ‫ޑ‬ ੿ ࣬ ȉࢂ ‫ܜ‬ ຝ ‫ ޑ‬ǵό ё ‫ޔ‬ ௗ ᢀ ჸ ‫ޑ‬ ȉᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ࢂ ᆶ౛ ፕ ‫ک‬ ኳ ࠠ ࣬ ᖄ ᛠ ‫ޑ‬ Ǹᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ᆶ ౛ ፕ ё а Ҕ ٰ ှ ញ ‫ک‬ Ⴃ ෳ ᆅ ౛ ‫ޑ‬ ౜ ຝ ω Ԗ ཀ က Ǹ྽ Ⴃ ෳ ‫ک‬ ှ ញ ࢌ ΋ ‫ޗ‬ ཮ ౜ ຝ Ǵό ሡ ा Ҕ ‫ډ‬ ࢌ ঁ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ Ǵ߾ Ԝ ΋ ౛ ፕ ฻ ‫ܭ‬ ؒ Ԗ ཀ က ȉᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ᔈ ၀ ࢂ మ ධ Զ ܴ ዴ ‫ޑ‬ • EXǺಔ ᙃ ᜢ ߯ Ǹ఼ က ቶ ‫ݱ‬ Ǵૈ ୼ ှ ញ ࡐ ӭ ౜ ຝ Ǹന ε ‫ޑ‬ ߳ ज़ ӧ ‫ܭ‬ ό ᆒ ዴ ᆶ ᜤ а ෳ ໆ Ǹ> ? ૸ ፕ ‫ޑ‬ ࢂ ব ᅿ ‫׎‬ Ԅ ‫ޑ‬ ᜢ ߯ ǻǼ ጥ෻ፖิ៣ઔߒऱኔᢞֱऄCh11Ε12 P:15/33
  • 16. ΋ǵൂ ᆢ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ 1.2ᄬ‫ ޑۺ‬ෳ ໆ (1/3) Ǹ ෳໆ‫ ܜ‬ຝ ‫ ۺ ཷ ޑ‬Ԗ ό ӕ Б ‫( ݤ‬Ψ ೚ ‫ ؂‬ᅿ ೿ ό ֹ ऍ )Ǵό ӕ Б ‫ ޑ ݤ‬ෳໆ่ ݀ ӧ ࢌ ٤ ำ ࡋ ΢ ё а ȹж ߄ ȹ೭ ٤ ᄬ ‫ ۺ‬Ƕ೭ ٤ ෳໆБ Ԅ ᆀ ࣁ Ԝ ΋ ᄬ ‫ࡰ ޑ ۺ‬኱ ExǺᚆ ᙍ ໼ ӛ (ᄬ ‫) ۺ‬ Ǹ ෳໆБ Ԅ Ǻୢ ‫5 ڔ‬ᗺ ໆ߄ =>த த གྷ ा ᚆ ໒ ೭ ৎ Ҿ ཰ Ǵ1=>ό ӕ ཀ Ǵ5=>ό ӕ ཀ Ǹ ෳໆኳ ࠠ Ǻ͐ɨx +͍ ጥ෻ፖิ៣ઔߒऱኔᢞֱऄCh11Ε12 P:16/33
  • 17. ΋ǵൂ ᆢ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ 1.2ᄬ‫ ޑۺ‬ෳ ໆ (2/3) Ǹђ ‫ڂ‬ ෳໆኳ ࠠ (ଷ ೛ ᇤ ৡ ࢂ ᒿ ᐒ த ᄊ ϩ ଛ ) Ǹၮ Ҕ ӭ ໨ ࡰ኱ Ǵ‫׎‬ ԋ Ȩໆ߄ ȩ Ǵӕ ਔ ෳໆ͐, x, ͍ Ǹђ ‫ڂ‬ ෳໆኳ ࠠ ύ Ǵᒿ ᐒ ᇤ ৡ ໨ ، ‫ ۓ‬Α ෳໆ‫ࡋ ߞ ޑ‬ Ǹၮ Ҕ ӭ ঁ ࡰ኱ ӕ ਔ ෳໆӕ ΋ ঁ ᄬ ‫ ۺ‬Ǵё а (෧ λ ᒿ ᐒ ᇤ ৡ )ቚ у ෳໆ‫ޑ‬ ߞ ࡋ Ǹᛙ ‫ۓ‬ ୃ ৡ բ Ҕ ‫ޑ‬ ਠ ҅ (EXǺ੝ ‫ ۓ‬঩ π ჹ ‫ ܭ‬Ϧ љ ‫) ـ ୃ ޑ‬ ጥ෻ፖิ៣ઔߒऱኔᢞֱऄCh11Ε12 P:17/33
  • 18. ΋ǵൂ ᆢ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ 1.2ᄬ‫ ޑۺ‬ෳ ໆ (3/3) Ǹ ӕ ឦ ෳໆኳ Ԅ (congeneric measurement model) ȉ ଷ ೛ Ǻ‫ঁ ؂‬໨ Ҟ ᆶࡰ ኱ ೿ ό ӕ ำ ࡋ Ӧ ϸ ࢀ ੿ ჴϩ ኧ‫ޑ‬ ॶ – ͓1,͓2,͓3 ж߄ ‫ ࡰঁ ؂‬኱ ‫ ៾ ޑ‬ख़ – у ៾ ॶ ͓ж߄ ‫ ࡰঁ ؂‬኱ ӧ ෳໆ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ‫ޑ‬ ਏ ࡋ Ǹ ෳໆӕ ΋ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ‫ޑ‬ ࡰ኱ ࢂ ցֹ ӄ ࣬ӕ Ǵ‫ڗ‬ ، ‫ܭ‬ ࣴ ‫ز‬ ‫ޣ‬ ᜢ‫ܭ‬ ෳໆၸ ำ ‫ޑ‬ ଷ ೛ ȉଷ ೛ ΋ Ǻ‫؂‬ ঁࡰ ኱ ೿ ࢂ ෳໆ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ᏾ ᡏ ǴҔ ব ঁࡰ ኱ ؒ Ԗϼ ε ᜢ ೱ ȉଷ ೛ Β Ǻ‫؂‬ ঁࡰ ኱ ೿ ѝ ෳໆ Α ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ‫ޑ‬ ΋ ೽ ҽ Ǵ߾‫ٿ‬ ঁࡰ ኱ ό ૈ жඹ ጥ෻ፖิ៣ઔߒऱኔᢞֱऄCh11Ε12 P:18/33
  • 19. ΋ǵൂ ᆢ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ 3ਏ ݀ ࡰ ኱ ᆶ ϸ ࢀ ‫ ࡰ ܄‬኱ (effect indicators/reflective indicators) ϸ ࢀ ‫܄‬ ࡰ኱ ϐ ੝ ቻ Ǻ Ǹ ջ ‫ܜ‬ ຝ ᄬ ‫ޑ ۺ‬ Ȩਏ ݀ ȩǴϸ ࢀ ‫ ࡰ ܄‬኱ ࢂ ݀ Ǵ࣮ ό ‫ ޑ ـ‬ᄬ ‫ ࢂ ۺ‬Ӣ Ǹ ό ૈ ‫ ע‬Ȩਏ ݀ (effect)ȩᆶȨ่ ݀ (outcome)ȩష ౄ ଆ ٰ -ࢂ ё ᢀ ෳ‫ޑ‬ ࡰ ኱ ᆶό ё ᢀ ෳ‫ ޑ‬ᄬ ‫ ۺ‬໔ ‫ ޑ‬ᜢ ߯ Ǹ ऩ ၮ Ҕ ߻ ॊ ‫ޑ‬ ଷ ೛ ΋ (‫ ࡰঁ ؂‬኱ ೿ ࢂ ෳໆ ᄬ ‫ ۺ‬᏾ ᡏ )Ǵ‫ ࡰঁ ؂‬኱ ೿ ‫ ى‬а ค ୃ ‫ޑ‬ ж߄ ΋ ঁ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ =>ё а Ҕ ӭ ঁࡰ ኱ ٰ෧ λ ᒿ ᐒ ᇤ ৡ Ǹ ϸ ࢀ ‫ ࡰ ܄‬኱ ϐ ໔ ࢂ ଯ࣬ ᜢ ‫( ޑ‬Ӣ ࣁǺ‫ ࡰঁ ؂‬኱ ೿ ࢂ ෳໆ ᄬ ‫ ۺ‬᏾ ᡏ )Ǵϸ ϐ ӵ ݀ ϸ ࢀ ‫܄‬ ࡰ ኱ ໔ ‫ ࣬ ޑ‬ᜢ ำ ࡋ ե Ǵ߾ж߄ Ԗୢ ᚒ ђ ‫ڂ‬ ኳ ࠠ ӕ ឦ ኳ ࠠ ጥ෻ፖิ៣ઔߒऱኔᢞֱऄCh11Ε12 P:19/33
  • 20. ΋ǵൂ ᆢ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ 4.ᄬԋ ࡰ ኱ ᆶ ‫ ׎‬ԋ ‫ ࡰ ܄‬኱ (1/3) ‫׎‬ ԋ ‫܄‬ ࡰ኱ ϐ ੝ ቻ Ǻ Ǹ‫׎‬ ԋ ‫܄‬ ࡰ ኱ Ȩᄬ ԋ Α ȩ೏ ෳໆ ‫ ޑ ޣ‬ό ё ᢀ ჸ ‫ ޑ‬ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ Ǹϸ ࢀ ‫܄‬ ࡰ ኱ ό ࢂ ᄬ ‫่ ޑ ۺ‬ ݀ ǹӕ ኬ ‫ ޑ‬Ǵ‫ ׎‬ԋ ‫ ࡰ ܄‬኱ ό ࢂ ‫ ܌‬ෳໆ ᄬ ‫߻ ޑ ۺ‬ Ӣ Ƕ Ǹ‫؂‬ ঁ‫׎‬ ԋ ‫܄‬ ࡰ ኱ ࢂ Ȩό ӄ ӄ Ӧ ȩϷ ȨԖୃ ৡ ‫ ޑ‬ȩж߄ ‫ ߄ ܌ ځ‬Ң ‫ ޑ‬ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ Ǹ‫ک‬ ϸ ࢀ ‫܄‬ ࡰ ኱ ό ӕ Ǵ‫ ׎‬ԋ ‫ ࡰ ܄‬኱ ໔ ؒ Ԗ੝ ձ ‫ ޑ‬ा ‫ ؃‬Ƕ ጥ෻ፖิ៣ઔߒऱኔᢞֱऄCh11Ε12 P:20/33
  • 21. ΋ǵൂ ᆢ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ 5. Ҕ ‫ ׎‬ԋ ‫ ࡰ ܄‬኱ ᆶ ϸ ࢀ ‫ ࡰ ܄‬኱ ՗ ी ᄬ‫ۺ‬ Ǹϸ ࢀ ‫܄‬ ࡰ ኱ .ዴ ᇡ ‫܄‬ Ӣ નϩ ‫݋‬ ኳ ࠠ ȉѝ Ҕ ෳ ໆ ኳ ࠠ ൩ ё а ՗ ी Ǹ‫׎‬ ԋ ‫܄‬ ࡰ ኱ .Կ Ͽ ᗋ ा Ԗ၀ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ‫ޑ‬ ќ Ѧ ‫ٿ‬ ঁ่ ݀ ᡂ ໨ ȉा Ҕ ᏾ ᡏ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ໔ ‫ޑ‬ Ӣ ݀ ่ ᄬ ኳ ࠠ ω ૈ ՗ ी ‫׎‬ ԋ ‫܄‬ ࡰ኱ ؒ ೏ ቶ ‫ݱ‬ ٬ Ҕ ‫ޑ‬ চ Ӣ 1. ‫ ׎‬ԋ ‫ ࡰ ܄‬኱ ‫ ޑ‬՗ ी ၨ ϸ ࢀ ‫ ࡰ ܄‬኱ ፄ ᚇ 2. ࣴ ‫ ز‬ӭ ъ வ ϸ ࢀ ‫ ࡰ ܄‬኱ ໒ ‫ۈ‬ 3. ‫ ׎‬ԋ ‫ ࡰ ܄‬኱ ‫ ޑ‬ᄬ ‫ ۺ‬ᆶ‫ ځ‬д ᄬ ‫ ۺ‬ϐ ໔ ‫ ޑ‬ᜢ ߯ ϩ ό ໒ ͐ Ҕ Ο ঁς ‫ޕ‬ ᡂ Ҕ Ο ঁБ ำ Ԅ ኧǴ‫ פ‬р ΋ ঁ ा ѐ ‫؃‬ ှ 5ঁ Ӆ ӕ Ӣ ન ҂ ‫ޕ‬ ୖ ኧ ጥ෻ፖิ៣ઔߒऱኔᢞֱऄCh11Ε12 P:21/33
  • 22. ΋ǵൂ ᆢ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ 6. ‫ ׎‬ԋ ‫ ࡰ ܄‬኱ ᆶ ϸ ࢀ ‫ ࡰ ܄‬኱ ‫ ځ ޑ‬д ୢ ᚒ (1)ϙ ሶ ਔ ং ᔈ ၀ ٬ Ҕ ব ᅿ ࡰ኱ Ǹ ٩ Ᏽ ౛ ፕ ȉ ‫׎‬ ԋ => ExǺ‫ ཮ ޗ‬፾ ᔈ ‫܄‬ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ȉ ϸ ࢀ ‫ ܄‬ᄬ ‫ >= ۺ‬ExǺ΋ ૓ ඵ ૈ ȉ ᚈ य़ ‫ ܄‬ᄬ ‫>= ۺ‬ExǺπ բ ᕮ ਏ Ǹ ‫ڗ‬ ، ‫ܭ‬ ࣴ ‫ز‬ Γ ঩ ӵ Ֆ ‫ۓ‬ က ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ Ǹ Ҕ ό ӕ Б Ԅ ‫ۓ‬ က Ǵᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ҁ ‫ي‬ ς ࿶ ว ғ ‫ׯ‬ ᡂ Ǹ ሡ ा Ӄ Α ှ ཷ ‫ۺ‬ ‫܄ ޑ‬ ፦ ࢂ ϸ ࢀ ‫܄‬ ᗋ ࢂ ‫׎‬ ԋ ‫܄‬ Ǵ຾ Զ ٩ Ᏽ Ѭ ‫ޑ‬ ‫܄‬ ፦ ٰว ৖ ჹ ᔈ ‫ޑ‬ ໆ ߄ (2)ё ૈӕ ਔ Ҕ ‫ ٿ‬ᅿ ࡰ኱ ෳໆӕ ΋ ঁ ᄬ ‫ ۺ‬༏ Ǹ ΋ ঁᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ό ࢂ Ҕ ‫׎‬ ԋ ‫܄‬ ࡰ ኱ ߄ Ң Ǵ൩ ࢂ Ҕ ϸ ࢀ ‫܄‬ ࡰ ኱ ߄ Ң Ǹ ΋ ঁᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ё ૈ ё а Ҕ ‫׎‬ ԋ ‫܄‬ ࡰ ኱ ߄ Ң Ǵҭ ё а Ҕ ϸ ࢀ ‫܄‬ ࡰ ኱ ߄ Ң Ǵՠ ό ཮ ӕ ਔ ‫ܫ‬ ӧ ӕ ΋ ໆ ߄ ύ ٬ Ҕ ጥ෻ፖิ៣ઔߒऱኔᢞֱऄCh11Ε12 P:22/33
  • 23. ΋ǵൂ ᆢ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ 6. ‫ ׎‬ԋ ‫ ࡰ ܄‬኱ ᆶ ϸ ࢀ ‫ ࡰ ܄‬኱ ‫ ځ ޑ‬д ୢ ᚒ (3)‫ ׎‬ԋ ‫ ܄‬ᄬ ‫ ۺ‬ว ৖ ໆ߄ ‫ ޑ‬ၸ ำ Ԗ Ֆ ό ӕ Ǹ Ԗ΋ ঁమ ධ ‫ޑ‬ ౛ ፕ ୷ ᘵ Ǵૈ ୼ ࡰ ܴ ࡑ ෳໆ ᄬ ‫ ܌ ۺ‬ा ఼ ᇂ ‫ ޑ‬ϣ ৒ Ǹ ໪ ा ԏ ໣ ኧᏵ Ǵբ ࣁ໨ Ҟ ‫ޑ‬ ߻ Ꮴ ࣴ ‫( ز‬pilot study) Ǹ ‫ࡰ ע‬ ኱ ᆶ໨ Ҟ ᕭ ෧ Ǵ٬ Ҕ SEM‫ ࡰ ע‬኱ ᆶ‫ ݀ ่ঁ ٿ‬ᡂ ໨ ΋ ଆ ϩ ‫݋‬ ‫פ‬ р ॄ ಻ ॶ (͋)Ǵ ͋ၨ λ ‫ࡰ ޑ‬ ኱ у а մ ନ Ǹ ӕ ኬ ሡ ा Ҭ ΰ ᡍ᛾ ኬ ҁ Ǵᔠ ᡍഭ Π ‫׎‬ ԋ ‫܄‬ ࡰ ኱ ‫ޑ‬ ᛙ ‫ۓ‬ ‫܄‬ (4) ӵ Ֆ ՗ ी ‫ ׎‬ԋ ‫ ܄‬ᄬ ‫ ۺ‬ϐ ໆ߄ ߞ ࡋ Ǹ ‫׎‬ ԋ ‫܄‬ ࡰ ኱ ໔ ‫ޑ‬ ᜢ ߯ ё ૈ ࣁ҅ ࣬ ᜢ ǵॄ ࣬ ᜢ ǴҔ ϣ ೽ ΋ ठ ‫ ޑ ܄‬Б ‫ݤ‬ ٰຑ ՗ ߞ ࡋ ؒ Ԗཀ က Ǹ ӆ ෳߞ ࡋ ࢂ ΋ ᅿ ၨ ࣁՉ ‫ޑ‬ Б ‫>= ݤ‬ሡ ٬ Ҕ ֹ ӄ ࣬ ӕ ‫ ่ ޑ‬ᄬ Б ำ ኳ ࠠ Ǹ ӵ ݀ ؒ Ԗ‫ޑ‬ ঁኬ ҁ ё а ଺ ӆ ෳߞ ࡋ ਔ Ƕќ ΋ ᅿ Б Ԅ ࢂ а ᇤ ৡ ᡂ ౦ ε λ ٰ՗ ी ෳໆ ߞ ࡋ ΢ य़ ‫ ฻ ޑ‬Ԅ ଷ ೛ Ǻᇤ ৡ ໨ (͎)ࣁ0Ǵ ߾R2=1.0=>ж߄ ‫ ܌‬Ԗ‫ ׎‬ԋ ‫ ࡰ ܄‬኱ ё а Ӆ ӕ ෳр ‫ ܌‬ा ෳໆ ‫ ޑ‬ᄬ ‫ ۺ‬Ǵؒ Ԗᒿ ᐒ ᇤ ৡ ǹё வ SEMϩ ‫ ݋‬ள ‫ ډ‬΢ ॊ ‫ ޑ‬R2(R2ຫ ε Ǵ ͎ຫ λ ж߄ ߞ ࡋ ຫ ଯ) ጥ෻ፖิ៣ઔߒऱኔᢞֱऄCh11Ε12 P:23/33
  • 24. Βǵӭ ᆢ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ 1.ӭ ᆢ ᄬ‫ۺ‬ᆶ ൂ ᆢ ᄬ‫ޑۺ‬ ό ӕ Ǹ ൂ ᆢ =>ѝ Ԗ ᄬ ‫ ࢂ ۺ‬ό ё ᢀ ෳǵ‫ ܜ‬ຝ ǹࡰ኱ ߾ ࢂ ё ᢀ ෳ‫ ڀ ک‬ᡏ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ Ǹ ӭ ᆢ ᄬ ‫>= ۺ‬ᄬ ‫ ۺ‬ᆶ ‫ ځ‬Ӛ ᆢ ࡋ ೿ ࢂ ό ё ‫ ޔ‬ௗ ᢀ ෳ‫ۺ ཷ ޑ‬ Ǹ К ൂ ᆢ ‫ ׳‬ፄ ᚇ Ǹ ӭ ᆢ ᄬ ‫ ޑ ۺ‬Ο ᅿ ᜪ ࠠ ȉወ ӧ Ӣ નࠠ ӭ ᆢ ᄬ ǴLMC ‫ۺ‬ ȉӝ ‫ٳ‬ ࠠ ӭ ᆢ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ǴAMC ȉಔ ӝ ࠠ ӭ ᆢ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ǴPMC ጥ෻ፖิ៣ઔߒऱኔᢞֱऄCh11Ε12 P:24/33
  • 25. Βǵӭ ᆢ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ 2.ӭ ᆢ ᄬ‫ ޑۺ‬Ο ᅿ ᜪ ࠠ X1 (1)ወ ӧ Ӣ ન ኳ ࠠ (Latent model ) ‫ܓ‬ ‫ה‬ X2 • LMCӚ ঁᆢ ࡋ ೿ ࢂ ӕ ΋ ঁᄬ ‫ ۺ‬ϐ ό ӕ ߄ ౜ X3 • EXǺಔ ᙃ Ϧ ҇ Չ ࣁOCB Ⴇ ঠ ֆ ‫ا‬ OCB ᝐ ஐ ሎ ೯ ୉ Ǹჹ ‫ܭ‬ ወ ӧ Ӣ ન ӭ ᆢ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ‫ޑ‬ ՗ ी – EXǺOCB=>Ӄ ՗ ी ϖ ঁᆢ ࡋ Ǵӆ ՗ ी ϖ ঁᆢ ࡋ ङ ࡕ ‫ޑ‬ ወ ӧ Ӣ ન ȉΨ ё а ‫ ޔ‬ௗ Ҕ ᚒ Ҟ ෳໆ ೭ ঁወ ӧ Ӣ નࠠ ӭ ϡ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ҁ ‫ي‬ ȉё а ӧ ࡰ ኱ ቫ य़ ຾ Չ ෳໆ ǴΨ ё а ӧ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ቫ य़ ‫ޔ‬ ௗ ෳໆ > ? ό კቫ य़ ‫ ۓ‬က ‫ޑ‬ ࣬ ӕ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ Ǵё а ӧ ό ӕ ቫ ԛ ෳໆ ጥ෻ፖิ៣ઔߒऱኔᢞֱऄCh11Ε12 P:25/33
  • 26. Βǵӭ ᆢ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ 2.ӭ ᆢ ᄬ‫ ޑۺ‬Ο ᅿ ᜪ ࠠ X1 (2) ӝ ‫ ٳ‬ኳ ࠠ (aggregate model ) ‫ܓ‬ ‫ה‬ X2 • ӝ ‫ ࠠ ٳ‬ᄬ ‫ ޑ ۺ‬Ӛ ঁᆢ ࡋ ೿ ࢂ ӭ ᆢ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ‫ޑ‬ ό ӕ ಔ ԋ ԋ ϩ X3 • EXǺಔ ᙃ Ϧ ҇ Չ ࣁOCB Ⴇ ঠ ֆ ‫ا‬ Ǹӭ ᆢ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ‫ޑ‬ ՗ ी OCB – LMC-ዴ ᇡ ‫ ܄‬Ӣ નϩ ‫ ݋‬ኳ ࠠ ٰ՗ ी ᝐ ஐ – AMC-Կ Ͽ ᗋ ा Ԗ၀ ᄬ ‫ ޑ ۺ‬ќ Ѧ ‫ ݀ ่ঁ ٿ‬ᡂ ໨ Ǹӭ ᆢ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ Ԅ Ӣ ન ࠠ ᗋ ࢂ ӝ ‫ٳ‬ ࠠ ǻ ሎ ೯ ୉ ȉԵ ໆ ౛ ፕ ǵჴ᛾ ኳ Ԅ ࠨ ӝ ำ ࡋ ጥ෻ፖิ៣ઔߒऱኔᢞֱऄCh11Ε12 P:26/33
  • 27. Βǵӭ ᆢ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ӭ ᆢ ᄬ‫ޑۺ‬ Ο ᅿ ᜪ ࠠ (3)ಔ ӝ ኳ ࠠ (profile model) • PMC᏾ ᡏ ᄬ ‫ࣁ ۺ‬Ӛ ঁᆢ ࡋ а ό ӕ Б Ԅ ‫ ޑ‬ಔ ӝ ǵӚ ᆢ ࡋ ‫ ܌‬ж߄ ੝ ቻ ‫ ޑ‬ಔ ӝ Ǹ ᄬ ‫ ۺ‬ҁ ‫ ࡽ ي‬ό ࢂ ‫ ܌‬Ԗᆢ ࡋ ङ ࡕ ‫ ޑ‬Ӆ ӕ Ӣ ન(LMC)ǴΨ ό ࢂ ‫ ځ‬Ӛ ᆢ ࡋ ‫ ޑ‬ጕ ‫ ܄‬ಔ ӝ (AMC) – EXǺ঩ π .ಔ ᙃ ᜢ ߯ > ? ය ఈ ‫ ޑ‬ଅ ᝘ ᆶ ග ‫ ޑ ٮ‬ᇨ Ӣ – EXǺಔ ᙃ Ў ϯ > ? ϣ ೽ ᏾ ӝ 0Ѧ ೽ ፾ ᔈ ǹMBTI=>ϣ Ѧ ӛ ǵག ᝺ ‫ޔ‬ ᝺ ǵག ௃ ࡘ ᆢ ǵղ ᘐ ‫ޕ‬ ᝺ • PMCό ࢂ ‫ ע‬ӭ ᆢ ᄬ ‫ ޑ ۺ‬΋ ٤ ࣬ ᜢ ᆢ ࡋ ᙁൂ ࡫෣ӧ ΋ ଆ )ό ૈ ϩ ໒ ൂ ᐱ ࣮ ঁձ ᆢ ࡋ * – EXǺಔ ᙃ Ϧ ѳ ё ϩ ࣁ ϩ ଛ Ϧ ѳ ǵำ ‫ׇ‬ Ϧ ѳ ǵૻ ৲ Ϧ ѳ ǵҬ ۳ Ϧ ѳ ǴҔ ೭ Ѥ ᅿ ѐ Ⴃ ෳ ಔ ᙃ ‫܍‬ ᒍ ࣬ ϕ ‫׫‬ၗ ‫׫‬ၗό ‫ى‬ ᜪ ౜ ೤ ࠨ ऊ ၸ ࡋ ‫׫‬ၗ ጥ෻ፖิ៣ઔߒऱኔᢞֱऄCh11Ε12 P:27/33
  • 28. Βǵӭ ᆢ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ӭ ᆢ ᄬ‫ޑۺ‬ Ο ঁ ୢ ᚒ 1. Ο ᅿ ӭ ᆢ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ኳ ࠠ ࢂ ցς ࿶ ఼ ᇂ ‫܌‬ Ԗ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ᜪ ࠠ ǻ Ǹ Ҟ ߻ ѝ Ԗ೭ Ο ε ϩ ᜪ ǴΨ ය ࡑ Ԗཥ ‫ޑ‬ ϩ ᜪ ᆶว ౜ 2. ӭ ᆢ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ຾ Չ ‫ۓ‬ က ‫ޑ‬ Ѹ ा ‫܄‬ (ૈ ց ߡ ‫ ە‬Չ ٣ Ǵᇡ ࣁ ᇡ ࣁ ӭ ϡ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ࢂ ‫ځ‬ Ӛ ᆢ ࡋ ୼ ‫ۺ‬ ‫ޑ‬ ᕴ ࡴǴό ሡ ዴ ‫ۓ‬ Ӛ ᆢ ࡋ ᆶ ᏾ ᡏ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ໔ ϐ ᜢ ߯ ǻ) ȉ ཷ ࡴ ‫ޑ‬ ຒ ᇟ ‫ ܈‬኱ ᠸ Ǵӧ ຾ Չ ܴ ዴ ‫ޑ‬ ‫ۓ‬ က ϐ ߻ Ǵό ૈ ೏ ᇡ ࣁࢂ ΋ ঁᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ǴǴ‫׳‬ ό ૈ ଺ ୤ ΋ ঁᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ӧ ࣴ ‫ز‬ ύ ٬ Ҕ ଵ ӭ ᆢ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ EXǺҾ ཰ ᕮ ਏ ǵЎ ϯ ᣤ ‫ښ‬ ঴ ᔆ ๵ ᒤ ঴ ᔆ ᜎ ய ٞᄐᜎய ROA ROI ROI‫ ګ‬९ ঴ ጥ ૠ ྽ ؑ ‫ ۾‬෷ ؑ ‫ ۾‬෷ ‫ګ‬ ९ ጥ෻ፖิ៣ઔߒऱኔᢞֱऄCh11Ε12 P:28/33
  • 29. Βǵӭ ᆢ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ӭ ᆢ ᄬ‫ޑۺ‬ Ο ঁ ୢ ᚒ 3.ؒ Ԗ ౛ ፕ ୷ ᘵ ٰ ᏾ ӝ ଵ ӭ ᆢ ᄬ ‫ ࢂ ܈ ۺ‬ჹ ᏾ ӝ ᏾ ᡏ ᄬ ‫ ؒ ۺ‬ᑫ ፪ ਔ Ǵ࡛ ሶ ଺ ǻ Ǹ ё ӧ ᆢ ࡋ ቫ य़ ග р ଷ ೛ ٠ ຾ Չ ᔠ ᡍǴՠ ό ૈ ଺ ᜢ ‫ܭ‬ ᄬ ‫ۺ‬ ᏾ ᡏ ‫ޑ‬ ่ ፕ Ƕ -EXǺಔ ᙃ Ϧ ѳ ჹ ᚆ ᙍ ໼ ӛ ϐ ቹ ៜ ࿓ ‫ݧ‬ ։ ಻ ิ ៣ Λ ᠦ ៭ Գ Ꮎ ֆ ؓ ຸ ‫ٻ‬ ಛ ஒ ጥ෻ፖิ៣ઔߒऱኔᢞֱऄCh11Ε12 P:29/33