constructor in object oriented program.pptx
- 1. Constructors • Characteristics: 1. The constructor is a special member function of a class. 2. The constructor name is same as the class name. 3. The constructor is invoked automatically whenever an object of its associated class is created. 4. It is called constructor because it constructs the values of the data member of the class.
- 2. Constructors • Characteristics: 1. The constructor do not have return type even void. 2. The constructor must be declared in the public section. 3. The constructor cannot be virtual. 4. When we do not create any constructor in our class, C++ compiler generates a default constructor and insert it into our code.
- 3. Constructors • Types of constructor: 1. Default constructor 2. Parameterized constructor 3. Copy constructor.
- 4. Constructors • Default constructor: It is the constructor which doesn’t take any argument. It has no parameters. • Parameterized constructor: It is the constructor which has parameters. It allows us to pass arguments while object creation.
- 5. Constructors • Example: class addition { int num; public: addition(); // default constructor addition(int); // parameterized constructor void sum( addition, addition ); void display(); }; int main() { addition a(10), b(20); // parameterized constructor invoked addition c; // default constructor invoked c.sum(a,b); c.display( ); }
- 6. Constructors addition::addition() //Definition of default constructor { num=0; } addition::addition(int x) //Definition of parameterized constructor { num=x; } void addition::sum(addition m, addition n) { num=m.num+n.num; } void addition::display() { cout<<“nAddition is:”<<num; } Output - Addition is:30
- 7. Constructors • Copy Constructor: It is used to create a new object as a copy of an existing object. When we need to initialize the variable of object with the values of variable of another object of same type, then we use concept of copy constructor. The copy constructor is invoked if: a) Pass an object as an parameter to a call-by-value function: void addition::sum(addition m, addition n) { num=m.num+n.num; }
- 8. Constructors • Copy Constructor: The copy constructor is invoked if: a) Return an object from a function: friend addition sum( addition, addition ); //declaration addition sum(addition x, addition y) //definition { addition temp; temp.num=x.num+y.num; return temp; //copy constructor invoked } c=sum(a,b); //calling
- 9. Constructors • Copy Constructor: The copy constructor is invoked if: a) Initialize an object from another object of the same type class item { int num; public: item() {num=10;} item( item &x) { num=x.num} //copy constructor declaration and definition void display() { cout<<“n Number is:”<<num; } };
- 10. Constructors • Copy Constructor: int main() { item a; item b(a); // copy constructor invoked item c=b; // copy constructor invoked a.display(); b.display(); c.display(); } Output: Number is:10 Number is:10 Number is:10
- 11. Destructor A destructor is a special member function that destroy (or delete) the object. A destructor is called automatically when The program finished execution. A scope (the { } parenthesis) containing object ends. Call the delete operator.
- 12. Destructor class book { int price; public: book() ~book(); //destructor declaration void display(); }; book::book() { price=200; cout<<“nConstructor”; } Book::~book() //destructor definition { cout<<“nDestructor”; } Void book::display() { cout<<“nPrice is:”<<price; }
- 13. Destructor int main() { book b; b.display(); } //destructor invoked Output: Price is:200 Constructor Destructor
- 14. Assignments: Write a class complex as follows: Data members: Real and Imaginary members. Member functions: get data (use constructor), show data, add, subtract, multiply and divide. Use the concept of constructors and destructor. A bag consists of zero or more objects of the same type. Each object can be described by its color and weight. Design C++ program to create a new object. This can be done in two ways. If the user provides information about color and/or weight of the object to be created then this information will be used to create the object otherwise the object will be created using default values for these attributes. Provide a facility to keep track of total number of objects and total weight of object from a bag. Use the concept of constructors and destructor..
- 15. References: E Balagurusamy, “ Object-Oriented Programming with C++”, Tata McGraw-Hill Education, 7th edition. Schildt Herbert ,”C++: The Complete Reference”, 5th edition.