CONTROL FLOW in C.pptx

Control Structure
• Decision Making Statements
Simple if
If else
Nested if else
Switch Statements (conditional branching)
• Loops
Do- while
While statements
For Statements
• Unconditional Branching
break statement
continue statement
goto statement
Given By Prof. Aparadh S.Y.

Simple if
• Syntax
Flow Diagram
if (expression is true)
{
action 1;
}
action 2;
action3;

Examples of Simple if
1. Print hello when number is 10

Examples of Simple if
1. Print hello when number is 10
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int num;
clrscr();
printf("Enter value for num“);
scanf(“%d”, &num);
if(num==10)
{
printf("hello)";
getch();
}
}

If Else
• Syntax
Flow Chart
if (expression is true)
{
action 1;
}
Else
{
action 2;
}
action3;

Examples of If Else
1. Print entered number is positive or negative

Examples of If Else
1. Print entered number is positive or negative
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int num;
clrscr();
printf(“Enter value for num“);
Scanf(“%d”,&num);
if(num>0)
{
Printf("num is positive“);
}
else
{
Printf("num is negative“)S;
}
getch();
}

Examples of If Else
1. Print entered number is even or odd

Examples of If Else
1. Print entered number is even or odd
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int num;
clrscr();
printf(“Enter value for num“);
if(num%2==0)
{
Printf("num is even“);
}
else
{
Printf("num is odd“)S;
}
getch();
}

Examples of If Else
1. Print entered year is leap year or not

Examples of If Else
1. Print entered year is leap year or not
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int num;
clrscr();
printf(“Enter value for year“);
if(num%4==0)
{
Printf(“year is leap year“);
}
else
{
Printf(“year is not leap year“)S;
}
getch();
}

Nested If Else Ladder
• Syntax
Flow Chart

Home Work of Nested
If Else
Write a program to input three numbers from user. Find maximum
between given three numbers.

Home Work of Nested If Else
Write a program to input three numbers from user. Find maximum between given three numbers.
#include<stdio.hh>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int num1,num2,num3;
clrscr();
printf("Enter value for num1,num2 and num3“);
scanf(“%d%d%d”,&num1, &num2, &num3);
if(num1>num2)
{
if(num1>num3)
{
printf("num1 is greater“);
}
else
{
}
}
else
{
if(num2>num3)
{
}
else
{
printf(num3 is greater“);
}
}
getch();
}
 Output:
Enter value for num1 ,num2 and num3
4 2 1
Num1 is greater
 Output:
1 4 2
Num2 is greater
 Output:
1 2 3
Num3 is greater

If Else Ladder
In C,C++ if- else –if ladder helps user decide from among multiple
options .
Here if statements are executed from top down
As soon as one of the conditions controlling the if is true , the
statements associated with that if is executed, and rest of all conditions
are bypassed.
If none of the conditions is true then the final else statement will be
executed

If Else Ladder
• Syntax
Flow Chart
if (condition1)
{
statement 1;
}
else if (condition2)
{
statement 2;
}
.
.
else
{
statement;
}

Examples of If Else
1. Print entered number is positive, negative or zero.

Examples of If Else ladder
1. Print entered number is positive, negative or zero.
#include<stdio.hh>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int num;
clrscr();
Printf(“Enter num“);
Scanf(“%d”, &num;
if(num>0)
{
Printf(“Positive“);
}
else if(num<0)
{
Printf(“Negative“);
}
else
{
Printf(“Zero“);
}
getch();
}
 Output:
Enter num
6
Positive
 Output:
Enter num
-3
Negative
 Output:
Enter num
0
Zero

Examples of If Else ladder
Write a program to calculate grade of students

Write a program to calculate grade of students
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int grade;
clrscr();
Printf("enter value grade“);
Scanf(“%d”, &grade);
if(grade>=70 && grade<=100)
{
Printf(“Distinction“);
}
else if(grade>=60 && grade<=69)
{
Printf("First Class“);
}
{
Printf(“Second Class“);
}
{
Printf("Pass Class“);
}
else if(grade>=0 && grade<40)
{
Printf("fail“);
}
else
{
Printf("invalid grade“);
Printf("nshould enter grade
inbetween 0 to 100“);
}
getch();
}
//Distinction grade>=70 &&
grade<=100
//First Class grade>=60 &&
grade<=69
//Second Class grade>=45 &&
grade<=59
//Pass Class grade>=40 &&
grade<=44
//Fail grade>=0 &&
grade <45
//Invalid grade>=100
&& grade<=0

Switch Statements
Syntax
Flow Chart
switch (expression)
{
case 1:
action 1;
break;
Case 2:
action 2;
break;
}
.
Case n:
action n;
break;
Default:
break;
}

1. Perform arithmetic operations using switch case
Examples Switch Case

1. .Perform arithmetic operations using switch case
Examples Switch Case
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a,b,ch;
clrscr();
Printf("Enter value for a and b“);
Scanf(”%d%d”,&a,&b);
Printf("Enter choice“);
Scanf(“%d”,&ch)
switch(ch)
{
case 1:
scanf("Addition is=%d”, a+b);
break;
case 4:
scanf(“Division is=%d”, a/b);
break;
default:
printf("Enter valid choice“);
break;
}
getch();
}
case 2:
scanf(“Subtraction is=%d”, a-b);
break;
case 3:
scanf(“ Multiplication is=%d”, a*b);
break;

Do While Loop
• Syntax
Flow Diagram
do
{
action 1;
}
while(condition is true);
action 2;

Examples of Do While
Loop
1. Print 1 to 10 numbers using do while loop

Loop
Given By Prof. Aparadh
S.Y.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
Void main()
{
int a=1;
Clrscr();
do
{
printf(“n%d”,a);
a++;
} while(a<=10);
getch();
}
Output:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Loop
S.Y.

Loop
S.Y.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
Void main()
{
int a=10;
Clrscr();
do
{
a--;
} while(a>0);
getch();
}
Output:
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

• Syntax
Flow Chart
while (condition is true)
{
action 1;
}
action 2;
While Loop

Examples of While Loop
1. Print 1 to 10 numbers using while loop
S.Y.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
Void main()
{
int a=1;
Clrscr();
While(a<=10)
{
a++;
}
getch();
}
Output:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

S.Y.

S.Y.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
Void main()
{
int a=10;
Clrscr();
While(a>=10)
{
a--;
}
getch();
}
Output:
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

• Syntax
Flow Chart
for (initial value; condition; increment/decrement)
{
action 1;
}
action 2;
For Loop

Examples of for Loop
1. Print 10 to 1 numbers using for loop
S.Y.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
Void main()
{
int a;
Clrscr();
For(a=10;a>0;a--)
{
a--;
}
getch();
}
Output:
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

• Syntax
Flow Chart
for (initial value; condition; increment/decrement)
{
action 1;
For((initial value; condition; increment/decrement)
{
body of inner loop;
}
action 2;
}
Nesting For Loop

Examples of nesting for Loop
S.Y.
Program to print following pattern using nested for loop
* * * * * *
* * * * * *
* * * * * *
* * * * * *
# include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
Void main()
{
int I,j;
Clrscr();
For(j=1;j<=4;j++)
{
for(i=1;i<=5;i++)
{
printf(“*”);
}
printf(“n”);
}
getch();
}

Unconditional Branching
 It is also called as jumping
Control is transfer from one point to another without checking condition
goto statement
break statement
Continue

Break Statement
The break statement in C programming
has the following two usages −
•When a break statement is encountered
inside a loop, the loop is immediately
terminated and the program control
resumes at the next statement following the
loop.
•It can be used to terminate a case in
the switch statement (covered in the next
chapter).
If you are using nested loops, the break
statement will stop the execution of the
innermost loop and start executing the next
line of code after the block.
Syntax
The syntax for a break statement in C is as
follows −
break;
Flow Diagram

Break Statement
#include <stdio.h>
int main
{
/* local variable definition */
int a = 10;
/* while loop execution */
while( a < 20 )
{
printf("value of a: %dn", a);
a++;
if( a > 15)
{ /* terminate the loop using break
statement */
break;
}
}
return 0;
}
When the above code is compiled and
executed, it produces the following result
value of a: 10
value of a: 11
value of a: 12
value of a: 13
value of a: 14
value of a: 15

Continue Statement
The continue statement in C programming
works somewhat like the break statement.
Instead of forcing termination, it forces
the next iteration of the loop to take
place, skipping any code in between.
For the for loop, continue statement
causes the conditional test and increment
portions of the loop to execute.
For
the while and do...while loops, continue
statement causes the program control to
pass to the conditional tests.
Syntax
The syntax for a continue statement in C is
as follows −
continue;
Flow Diagram

Continue Statement
#include <stdio.h>
int main ()
{
int a = 10;
/* do loop execution */
do
{
if( a == 15)
{
/* skip the iteration */
a = a + 1;
continue;
}
a++;
} while( a < 20 );
return 0;
}
value of a: 10
value of a: 11
value of a: 12
value of a: 13
value of a: 14
value of a: 16
value of a: 17
value of a: 18
value of a: 19

Goto Statement
A goto statement in C programming
provides an unconditional jump from the
'goto' to a labeled statement in the same
function.
NOTE − Use of goto statement is highly
discouraged in any programming language
because it makes difficult to trace the
control flow of a program, making the
program hard to understand and hard to
modify. Any program that uses a goto can
be rewritten to avoid them.
Syntax
The syntax for a goto statement in C is as
follows −
goto label;
.. .
label: statement;
Flow Diagram

Continue Statement
#include <stdio.h>
int main ()
{
int a = 10;
/* do loop execution */
LOOP:do
{
if( a == 15)
{
/* skip the iteration */
a = a + 1;
goto LOOP;
}
a++;
}
while( a < 20 );
return 0;
}
value of a: 10
value of a: 11
value of a: 12
value of a: 13
value of a: 14
value of a: 16
value of a: 17
value of a: 18
value of a: 19

CONTROL FLOW in C.pptx

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