control lab 4.docx

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Laboratory
StudentName: Sara Ali Mahmood
Class: 4 Stage – Group:B3
CourseTitle: Control Lab.
Department: Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering
EXP. NO: 1
EXP. Name: Introduction to automation control
College of Engineering
Salahaddin University-Erbil
Academic Year 2020-2021

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Introduction
In today’s fast-moving, highly competitive industrial world, a company must be
flexible, cost effective and efficient if it wishes to survive. In the process and
manufacturing industries, this has resulted in a great demand for industrial
control systems/ automation in order to streamline operations in terms of speed,
reliablity and product output. Automation plays an increasingly important role in
the world economy and in daily experience. Automation is the use of control
systems and information technologies to reduce the need for human work in the
production of goods and services. In the scope of industrialization, automation is
a step beyond mechanization. Whereas mechanization provided human operators
with machinery to assist them with the muscular requirements of work,
automation greatly decreases the need for human sensory and mental
requirements as well.
What is Automation Control System?
Automation Control System - system that is able to control a process with
minimal human assistance or without manual and have the ability to initiate ,
adjust, action show or measures the variables in the process and stop the process
in order to obtain the desired output.
The main objective of Automation Control System used in the industry are:
1. to increase productivity
2. to improve quality of the product
3. Control production cost
Sensors used in Automation:
In the industrial automation, sensors play a vital part to make the products intellectual and
exceptionally automatic. These permit one to detect, analyze, measure and process a variety of
transformations like alteration in position, length, height, exterior and dislocation that occurs
in the Industrial manufacture sites.These sensors also play a pivotal role in predicting and
preventing numerous potential proceedings, thus, catering to the requirements of many
sensing applications.The following are the various types of sensors used in automation:
1. Temperature Sensors 2.Pressure sensors 3. MEMS Sensors 4. Torque Sensors

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Temperature Sensors :
A temperature sensor is a device that collects information concerning the
temperature from a resource and changes it to a form that can be understood by
another device. These are commonly used category of sensors which detect
Temperature or Heat and it also measures the temperature of a medium.
Applications of Temperature Sensors:
 They are weatherproof & designed for continuous temperature measurement in
air, soil, or water
 Exceptional accuracy and stability
 For measurements in complex industrial applications
 For measurements under rough operating conditions
Pressure Sensors:
The Pressure Sensor is an Instrument that apprehends pressure and changes it
into an electric signal where the quantity depends upon the pressure
applied.Turned parts for Pressure Sensors and Vaccum Sensors are few of the
major pressure sensors used in Industrial automation.
Applications of Pressure Sensors:
 Used to measure pressure below than the atmospheric pressure at a given
location
 Used in weather instrumentation, aircrafts, vehicles, and any other machinery
that has pressure functionality implemented
 Pressure sensors can be used in systems to measure other variables such as
fluid/gas flow, speed, water level, and altitude

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MEMS Sensors (Micro-electro-mechanical Systems)
These MEMS industrial automation sensors convert measured mechanical
signals into electrical signals.Acceleration and Motion MEMS are few important
sensors used in industrial automation.
Applications of MEMS Sensors:
 These have numerous applications ranging from industry, entertainment,
sports to education. For example, triggering airbag deployments or monitoring
of nuclear reactors
 Used to measure static acceleration (gravity), tilt of an object, dynamic
acceleration in an aircraft, shock to an object in a car, vibration of an object. Cell
phones, washing machines or computers
 Used to detect motion
Torque sensors
The torque sensors complete with essential mechanical stops, raise overload
capacity and offer additional guard during mounting and operation.Rotating
Torque & Torque Transducers are few important sensors used in industrial
automation.
Applications of Torque Sensors:
 Used to Measure the speed of rotation and maintenance necessities
 Used to measure Mass and mass moment of inertia
 The amount of the torque to be calculated, from the point of vision of quasi-
static process
 Used to measure the highest speed of rotation, oscillating torque

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