Corrections chapter 4 ppt
- 2. Community Correction Assumptions Offenders’ criminal records/current offenses are not serious enough to warrant incarceration. Community supervision is cheaper than incarceration. Recidivism rates are no higher than those in prison. Ex-inmates require support and supervision as they rebuild their lives.
- 3. Probation The History and Development of Probation John Augustus Boston Police Court 1841 Benefit of clergy Protection under the authority of the church Judicial reprieve recognizance Suspension of a sentence for good behavior
- 4. Probation Recognizance Boston Municipal Court Judge Peter Oxenbridge Thatcher was the originator of this practice Implied supervision of the court Sum of money, surety Forfeit by nonperformance Humanizing criminal law and mitigating harshness
- 5. Discussion Question Discuss if the current probation system is similar to the ideology of Augustus, or has time changed the overall goals of the system set forth by this pioneer.
- 6. Probation The History and Development of Probation The modernization of probation Social work role (support services) Law enforcement role (control and surveillance) Medical model (rehabilitation) Reintegration model (assessed clients) Risk management (surveillance and control)
- 7. Intermediate Sanctions Rationale Instead of probation Instead of prison Most sanctions in Western democracies do not involve imprisonment Prison is ineffective Tailor punishment to offender’s situation
- 8. Discussion Question What if ALL first time, non-violent offenders were given intermediate sanctions as a sentence regardless of race, age, gender or other demographics? The only rule is the crime must be a misdemeanor or a non- violent felony. What effect would this have on the criminal justice system and corrections?
- 9. Intermediate Sanctions © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.
- 10. Intermediate Sanctions Problems with Intermediate Sanctions Selecting agencies—have staff and experience to design programs Selecting offenders—crime and criminal considered Net widening—social control Wider nets, stronger nets, different nets
- 11. Intermediate Sanctions Varieties of Intermediate Sanctions Judiciary Pretrial diversion—targets drug offenders Fines Forfeiture—seized property Community service & restitution—free labor and a a sum of money for victim
- 12. Intermediate Sanctions Varieties of Intermediate Sanctions Sanctions administered in the community Day reporting (treatment) centers Probation/restitution centers Intensive supervision probation Home confinement Electronic monitoring
- 13. Discussion Question What if the United States began fining people for drug possession? For instance, first time offenders would face a minimum of $1,000 or 30 days in jail (their choice). Second time offenders would face a $5,000 fine or 90 days in jail. Third time offenders would face 1 year in prison or a $50,000 fine. Would this approach work? Explain.
- 14. Intermediate Sanctions Varieties of Intermediate Sanctions Sanctions administered in institutions and the community Shock incarceration Boot camp
- 15. Intermediate Sanctions Making Intermediate Sanctions Work Sentencing issues Principle of interchangeability Selection of offenders The target group—less costly than prison, effective alternative to probation Problems of bias—race, gender, age Surveillance and control
- 16. Discussion Question What if programs such as Scared Straight and other programs based on the in-your-face tough approach used a more educational and rehabilitation approach with teens and young adults? Would this approach be more effective? Explain.
- 17. The New Correctional Professional Three Major Shifts in the Working Environment Nongovernment organizations emerged to administer community corrections programs Increased emphasis on accountability and reduction in discretion Principles of criminal justice more important than professional relationships with clients
- 18. Community Corrections Legislation Reducing the Reliance on Prison Evaluation of Community Corrections Legislation Three aims Reduce rate and number of people sent to correctional facilities Reduce tax revenues spent on corrections Reduce prison populations
- 19. The Future of Community Corrections Three Recurring Problems Tendency to increase level of corrections Need to increase community support for community corrections Purpose must be clarified Justice reinvestment Community assistance to rebuild crime-prevention programs