Corruption Perceptions Index 2010

CORRUPTION
PERCEPTIONS
INDEX 2010
www.transparency.org
TRANSPARENCY
INTERNATIONALthe global coalition against corruption

Every effort has been made to verify the accuracy of the information contained in this report. All information was
believed to be correct as of October 2010. Nevertheless, Transparency International cannot accept responsibility
for the consequences of its use for other purposes or in other contexts.
ISBN: 978-3-935711-60-9
©2010 Transparency International. All rights reserved.
Design: Sophie Everett
Printed on 100% recycled paper.
CONTENTS
2010 RESULTS 2
WHAT IS THE CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX? 4
2010 FACTS 5
VISUALISING THE CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX 6
RESULTS BY REGION
AMERICAS 8
ASIA PACIFIC 9
EASTERN EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA 10
EUROPEAN UNION AND WESTERN EUROPE 11
MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA 12
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 13
ANNEX A: SHORT METHODOLOGICAL NOTE 15
ANNEX B: SOURCES OF INFORMATION 16
Transparency International (TI) is the global civil society organisation leading
the fight against corruption. Through more than 90 chapters worldwide and an
international secretariat in Berlin,TI raises awareness of the damaging effects
of corruption and works with partners in government, business and civil society
to develop and implement effective measures to tackle it.

9.0 - 10.0
8.0 - 8.9
7.0 - 7.9
6.0 - 6.9
5.0 - 5.9
4.0 - 4.9
3.0 - 3.9
2.0 -2.9
1.0 - 1.9
0.0 - 0.9
No data
Highly
Corrupt
Very
Clean
2010 CPI Score
TRANSPARENCY AND
ACCOUNTABILITY ARE
CRITICAL TO RESTORING
TRUST AND TURNING
BACK THE TIDE OF
CORRUPTION
9.0 - 10.0
8.0 - 8.9
7.0 - 7.9
6.0 - 6.9
5.0 - 5.9
4.0 - 4.9
3.0 - 3.9
2.0 -2.9
1.0 - 1.9
0.0 - 0.9
No data
Highly
Corrupt
Very
Clean
2010 CPI Score
1 Denmark 9.3
1 New Zealand 9.3
1 Singapore 9.3
4 Finland 9.2
4 Sweden 9.2
6 Canada 8.9
7 Netherlands 8.8
8 Australia 8.7
8 Switzerland 8.7
10 Norway 8.6
11 Iceland 8.5
11 Luxembourg 8.5
13 Hong Kong 8.4
14 Ireland 8.0
15 Austria 7.9
15 Germany 7.9
17 Barbados 7.8
17 Japan 7.8
19 Qatar 7.7
20 United Kingdom 7.6
21 Chile 7.2
22 Belgium 7.1
22 United States 7.1
24 Uruguay 6.9
25 France 6.8
26 Estonia 6.5
27 Slovenia 6.4
28 Cyprus 6.3
28 United Arab Emirates 6.3
30 Israel 6.1
30 Spain 6.1
32 Portugal 6.0
33 Botswana 5.8
33 Puerto Rico 5.8
33 Taiwan 5.8
36 Bhutan 5.7
37 Malta 5.6
38 Brunei 5.5
39 Korea (South) 5.4
39 Mauritius 5.4
41 Costa Rica 5.3
41 Oman 5.3
41 Poland 5.3
44 Dominica 5.2
45 Cape Verde 5.1
46 Lithuania 5.0
46 Macau 5.0
48 Bahrain 4.9
49 Seychelles 4.8
50 Hungary 4.7
50 Jordan 4.7
50 Saudi Arabia 4.7
53 Czech Republic 4.6
54 Kuwait 4.5
54 South Africa 4.5
56 Malaysia 4.4
56 Namibia 4.4
56 Turkey 4.4
59 Latvia 4.3
59 Slovakia 4.3
91 Bosnia and
Herzegovina 3.2
91 Djibouti 3.2
91 Gambia 3.2
91 Guatemala 3.2
91 Kiribati 3.2
91 Sri Lanka 3.2
91 Swaziland 3.2
98 Burkina Faso 3.1
98 Egypt 3.1
98 Mexico 3.1
101 Dominican Republic 3.0
101 Sao Tome & Principe 3.0
101 Tonga 3.0
101 Zambia 3.0
105 Algeria 2.9
105 Argentina 2.9
105 Kazakhstan 2.9
105 Moldova 2.9
105 Senegal 2.9
110 Benin 2.8
110 Bolivia 2.8
110 Gabon 2.8
110 Indonesia 2.8
110 Kosovo 2.8
110 Solomon Islands 2.8
116 Ethiopia 2.7
116 Guyana 2.7
116 Mali 2.7
116 Mongolia 2.7
116 Mozambique 2.7
116 Tanzania 2.7
116 Vietnam 2.7
123 Armenia 2.6
123 Eritrea 2.6
123 Madagascar 2.6
123 Niger 2.6
127 Belarus 2.5
127 Ecuador 2.5
127 Lebanon 2.5
127 Nicaragua 2.5
127 Syria 2.5
127 Timor-Leste 2.5
127 Uganda 2.5
134 Azerbaijan 2.4
134 Bangladesh 2.4
134 Honduras 2.4
134 Nigeria 2.4
134 Philippines 2.4
134 Sierra Leone 2.4
134 Togo 2.4
134 Ukraine 2.4
134 Zimbabwe 2.4
143 Maldives 2.3
143 Mauritania 2.3
143 Pakistan 2.3
146 Cameroon 2.2
146 Côte d'Ivoire 2.2
146 Haiti 2.2
146 Iran 2.2
146 Libya 2.2
146 Nepal 2.2
146 Paraguay 2.2
146 Yemen 2.2
154 Cambodia 2.1
154 Central African
Republic
2.1
154 Comoros 2.1
154 Congo-Brazzaville 2.1
154 Guinea-Bissau 2.1
154 Kenya 2.1
154 Laos 2.1
154 Papua New Guinea 2.1
154 Russia 2.1
154 Tajikistan 2.1
164 Democratic Republic
of the Congo
2.0
164 Guinea 2.0
164 Kyrgyzstan 2.0
164 Venezuela 2.0
168 Angola 1.9
168 Equatorial Guinea 1.9
170 Burundi 1.8
171 Chad 1.7
172 Sudan 1.6
172 Turkmenistan 1.6
172 Uzbekistan 1.6
175 Iraq 1.5
176 Afghanistan 1.4
176 Myanmar 1.4
178 Somalia 1.1
RANK
COUNTRY/
TERRITORY SCORE RANK
COUNTRY/
TERRITORY
59 Tunisia 4.3
62 Croatia 4.1
62 FYR Macedonia 4.1
62 Ghana 4.1
62 Samoa 4.1
66 Rwanda 4.0
67 Italy 3.9
68 Georgia 3.8
69 Brazil 3.7
69 Cuba 3.7
69 Montenegro 3.7
69 Romania 3.7
73 Bulgaria 3.6
73 El Salvador 3.6
73 Panama 3.6
73 Trinidad and Tobago 3.6
73 Vanuatu 3.6
78 China 3.5
78 Colombia 3.5
78 Greece 3.5
78 Lesotho 3.5
78 Peru 3.5
78 Serbia 3.5
78 Thailand 3.5
85 Malawi 3.4
85 Morocco 3.4
87 Albania 3.3
87 India 3.3
87 Jamaica 3.3
87 Liberia 3.3
RANK
COUNTRY/
TERRITORY SCORE SCORE
With governments committing huge sums to tackle the
world’s most pressing problems, from the instability
of financial markets to climate change and poverty,
corruption remains an obstacle to achieving much
needed progress.
The 2010 Corruption Perceptions Index shows that
nearly three quarters of the 178 countries in the index
score below five, on a scale from 10 (very clean) to
0 (highly corrupt). These results indicate a serious
corruption problem.
To address these challenges, governments need to
integrate anti-corruption measures in all spheres, from
their responses to the financial crisis and climate change
to commitments by the international community to
eradicate poverty. Transparency International advocates
stricter implementation of the UN Convention against
Corruption, the only global initiative that provides a
framework for putting an end to corruption.
Denmark, New Zealand and Singapore are tied at the
top of the list with a score of 9.3, followed closely by
Finland and Sweden at 9.2. At the bottom is Somalia
with a score of 1.1, slightly trailing Myanmar and
Afghanistan at 1.4 and Iraq at 1.5.
Notable among decliners over the past year are some
of the countries most affected by a financial crisis
precipitated by transparency and integrity deficits.
Among those improving in the past year, the general
absence of OECD states underlines the fact that
all nations need to bolster their good governance
mechanisms.
The message is clear: across the globe, transparency
and accountability are critical to restoring trust and
turning back the tide of corruption. Without them,
global policy solutions to many global crises are at risk.
2 3Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index 2010

2010 FACTS
The 2010 CPI measures the degree to which public
sector corruption is perceived to exist in 178 countries
around the world. It scores countries on a scale from
10 (very clean) to 0 (highly corrupt).
The 2010 results are drawn from 13 surveys and
assessments published between January 2009 and
September 2010.
The 2010 CPI covers two countries fewer than last
year’s edition. The slight change resulted from individual
sources adjusting the range of countries they assess.
These adjustments in coverage made it possible to
include Kosovo for the first time, but led to the exclusion
of Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and
Suriname, for which only two sources of information were
available this year.
Given its methodology, the CPI is not a tool that is
suitable for trend analysis or for monitoring changes in the
perceived levels of corruption over time for all countries.
Year-to-year changes in a country/territory’s score can
result from a change in the perceptions of a country’s
performance, a change in the ranking provided by original
sources or changes in the methodology resulting from TI’s
efforts to improve the index.
If a country is featured in one or more specific data
sources for both of the last two CPIs (2009 CPI and 2010
CPI), those sources can be used to identify whether there
has been a change in perceived levels of corruption in
that particular country compared to the previous year.
TI has used this approach in 2010 to assess country
progress over the past year and to identify what can be
considered to be a change in perceptions of corruption.
These assessments use two criteria:
(a) there is a year-on-year change of at least 0.3 points in
a country’s CPI score, and
(b) the direction of this change is confirmed by more than
half of the data sources evaluating that country.
Based on these criteria, the following countries showed
an improvement from 2009 to 2010: Bhutan, Chile, Ecuador,
FYR Macedonia, Gambia, Haiti, Jamaica, Kuwait and
Qatar. The following countries showed deterioration from
2009 to 2010: the Czech Republic, Greece, Hungary,
Italy, Madagascar, Niger and the United States.
WHAT IS THE CORRUPTION
PERCEPTIONS INDEX?
Transparency International (TI) defines corruption as the abuse of entrusted
power for private gain. This definition encompasses corrupt practices in both
the public and private sectors. The Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) ranks
countries according to perception of corruption in the public sector. The CPI
is an aggregate indicator that combines different sources of information about
corruption, making it possible to compare countries.
The 2010 CPI draws on different assessments and business opinion surveys
carried out by independent and reputable institutions1
. It captures information
about the administrative and political aspects of corruption. Broadly speaking,
the surveys and assessments used to compile the index include questions
relating to bribery of public officials, kickbacks in public procurement,
embezzlement of public funds, and questions that probe the strength and
effectiveness of public sector anti-corruption efforts.
For a country or territory to be included in the index a minimum of three of
the sources that TI uses must assess that country. Thus inclusion in the index
depends solely on the availability of information.
Perceptions are used because corruption – whether frequency or amount
– is to a great extent a hidden activity that is difficult to measure. Over time,
perceptions have proved to be a reliable estimate of corruption. Measuring
scandals, investigations or prosecutions, while offering ‘non-perception’ data,
reflect less on the prevalence of corruption in a country and more on other
factors, such as freedom of the press or the efficiency of the judicial system.
TI considers it of critical importance to measure both corruption and integrity,
and to do so in the public and private sectors at global, national and local
levels.2
The CPI is therefore one of many TI measurement tools that serve
the fight against corruption.
1
For detailed information on the sources of information please see Annex B
and visit our website at www. transparency.org/cpi
2
Examples include National Integrity System assessments, which evaluate the degree of
integrity, transparency and accountability in a country’s anti-corruption institutions, and the
Bribe Payers Index, which evaluates expert views of the supply of foreign bribery.

Countries appear in order of rank. Please see country
listing on p. 2 for exact country scoring and ranking.
DENMARK NEW ZEALAND SINGAPORE FINLAND SWEDEN
CANADA NETHERLANDS AUSTRALIA SWITZERLAND NORWAY
ICELAND LUXEMBOURG HONG KONG IRELAND
AUSTRIA GERMANY BARBADOS JAPAN QATAR
UNITED KINGDOM CHILE BELGIUM UNITED STATES
URUGUAY FRANCE ESTONIA SLOVENIA CYPRUS
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES ISRAEL SPAIN PORTUGAL
BOTSWANA PUERTO RICO TAIWAN BHUTAN MALTA
BRUNEI KOREA(SOUTH) MAURITIUS COSTA RICA OMAN
POLAND DOMINICA CAPE VERDE LITHUANIA MACAU
BAHRAIN SEYCHELLES HUNGARY JORDAN SAUDI ARABIA
CZECH REPUBLIC KUWAIT SOUTH AFRICA MALAYSIA
NAMIBIA TURKEY LATVIA SLOVAKIA TUNISIA CROATIA
FYR MACEDONIA GHANA SAMOA RWANDA
ITALY GEORGIA BRAZIL CUBA MONTENEGRO ROMANIA
BULGARIA EL SALVADOR PANAMA TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO
VANUATU CHINA COLOMBIA GREECE LESOTHO PERU
SERBIA THAILAND MALAWI MOROCCO ALBANIA INDIA
JAMAICA LIBERIA BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA DJIBOUTI
GAMBIA GUATEMALA KIRIBATI SRI LANKA SWAZILAND
BURKINA FASO EGYPT MEXICO DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE TONGA ZAMBIA
ALGERIA ARGENTINA KAZAKHSTAN MOLDOVA
SENEGAL BENIN BOLIVIA GABON INDONESIA KOSOVO
SOLOMON ISLANDS ETHIOPIA GUYANA MALI MONGOLIA
MOZAMBIQUE TANZANIA VIETNAM ARMENIA ERITREA
MADAGASCAR NIGER BELARUS ECUADOR LEBANON
NICARAGUA SYRIA TIMOR-LESTE UGANDA AZERBAIJAN
BANGLADESH HONDURAS NIGERIA PHILIPPINES
SIERRA LEONE TOGO UKRAINE ZIMBABWE MALDIVES
MAURITANIA PAKISTAN CAMEROON CÔTE D´IVOIRE
HAITI IRAN LIBYA NEPAL PARAGUAY YEMEN CAMBODIA
CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC COMOROS CONGO-BRAZZAVILLE
GUINEA-BISSAU KENYA LAOS PAPUA NEW GUINEA RUSSIA
TAJIKISTAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO
GUINEA KYRGYZSTAN VENEZUELA
ANGOLA EQUATORIAL GUINEA BURUNDI CHAD SUDAN TURKMENISTAN
UZBEKISTAN IRAQ AFGHANISTAN MYANMAR SOMALIA
6 7
VISUALISING THE
CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX
Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index 2010
9.0 - 10.0
8.0 - 8.9
7.0 - 7.9
6.0 - 6.9
5.0 - 5.9
4.0 - 4.9
3.0 - 3.9
2.0 -2.9
1.0 - 1.9
0.0 - 0.9
Highly
Corrupt
Very
Clean
2010 CPI Score

RANK
REGIONAL
RANK
COUNTRY / TERRITORY CPI 2010 SCORE
90% CONFIDENCE INTERVAL*
SURVEYS USED
LOWER BOUND UPPER BOUND
6 1 Canada 8.9 8.7 9.0 6
17 2 Barbados 7.8 7.1 8.5 4
21 3 Chile 7.2 7.0 7.4 7
22 4 United States 7.1 6.5 7.7 8
24 5 Uruguay 6.9 6.5 7.1 5
33 6 Puerto Rico 5.8 5.3 6.4 4
41 7 Costa Rica 5.3 4.7 6.0 5
44 8 Dominica 5.2 4.7 5.8 3
69 9 Brazil 3.7 3.2 4.3 7
69 9 Cuba 3.7 2.6 5.1 3
73 11 El Salvador 3.6 3.4 3.8 5
73 11 Panama 3.6 3.2 4.1 5
73 11 Trinidad and Tobago 3.6 3.0 4.3 4
78 14 Colombia 3.5 3.2 4.0 7
78 14 Peru 3.5 3.4 3.6 7
87 16 Jamaica 3.3 3.0 3.4 5
91 17 Guatemala 3.2 3.0 3.4 5
98 18 Mexico 3.1 2.9 3.3 7
101 19 Dominican Republic 3.0 2.7 3.2 5
105 20 Argentina 2.9 2.6 3.2 7
110 21 Bolivia 2.8 2.5 3.1 6
116 22 Guyana 2.7 2.6 2.8 4
127 23 Ecuador 2.5 2.2 2.7 5
127 23 Nicaragua 2.5 2.2 2.7 6
134 25 Honduras 2.4 2.2 2.7 6
146 26 Haiti 2.2 2.1 2.3 3
146 26 Paraguay 2.2 1.9 2.5 5
164 28 Venezuela 2.0 1.8 2.1 7
RANK
REGIONAL
RANK
90% CONFIDENCE INTERVAL
SURVEYS USED
1 1 New Zealand 9.3 9.2 9.5 6
1 1 Singapore 9.3 9.2 9.4 9
8 3 Australia 8.7 8.3 9.0 8
13 4 Hong Kong 8.4 8.1 8.7 8
17 5 Japan 7.8 7.5 8.2 8
33 6 Taiwan 5.8 5.5 6.2 9
36 7 Bhutan 5.7 5.1 6.2 4
38 8 Brunei 5.5 4.7 6.1 3
39 9 Korea (South) 5.4 5.1 5.7 9
46 10 Macau 5.0 3.4 5.8 3
56 11 Malaysia 4.4 3.9 4.9 9
62 12 Samoa 4.1 3.4 4.7 3
73 13 Vanuatu 3.6 2.3 5.8 3
78 14 China 3.5 3.0 4.0 9
78 14 Thailand 3.5 3.2 3.9 9
87 16 India 3.3 3.0 3.5 10
91 17 Kiribati 3.2 2.3 4.7 3
91 17 Sri Lanka 3.2 2.9 3.6 7
101 19 Tonga 3.0 2.6 3.3 3
110 20 Indonesia 2.8 2.3 3.2 9
110 20 Solomon Islands 2.8 2.3 3.4 3
116 22 Mongolia 2.7 2.4 3.0 6
116 22 Vietnam 2.7 2.4 3.1 9
127 24 Timor-Leste 2.5 2.1 2.8 5
134 25 Bangladesh 2.4 1.9 3.0 7
134 25 Philippines 2.4 2.1 2.7 9
143 27 Maldives 2.3 1.7 2.7 3
143 27 Pakistan 2.3 2.1 2.6 7
146 29 Nepal 2.2 1.9 2.5 6
154 30 Cambodia 2.1 1.9 2.2 9
154 30 Laos 2.1 1.6 2.6 4
154 30 Papua New Guinea 2.1 1.8 2.5 5
176 33 Afghanistan 1.4 1.2 1.6 4
176 33 Myanmar 1.4 0.9 1.9 3
RESULTS BY REGION: AMERICAS ASIA PACIFIC
8 9
*The confidence intervals reflect the precision of the CPI scores.
They indicate the range within which the most accurate value of
the CPI score is most likely to fall. The wider a confidence interval
is, the less precise the score.
Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index 2010

RANK
REGIONAL
RANK
SURVEYS USED
56 1 Turkey 4.4 4.0 4.8 7
62 2 Croatia 4.1 3.7 4.5 8
62 2 FYR Macedonia 4.1 3.7 4.5 5
68 4 Georgia 3.8 3.0 4.7 7
69 5 Montenegro 3.7 3.1 4.3 5
78 6 Serbia 3.5 3.1 3.9 6
87 7 Albania 3.3 3.0 3.6 6
91 8 Bosnia and Herzegovina 3.2 2.8 3.5 7
105 9 Kazakhstan 2.9 2.2 3.7 8
105 9 Moldova 2.9 2.7 3.2 6
110 11 Kosovo 2.8 2.7 3.1 3
123 12 Armenia 2.6 2.5 2.8 7
127 13 Belarus 2.5 2.1 3.1 3
134 14 Azerbaijan 2.4 2.1 2.7 7
134 14 Ukraine 2.4 2.1 2.6 8
154 16 Russia 2.1 1.9 2.3 8
154 16 Tajikistan 2.1 1.7 2.5 7
164 18 Kyrgyzstan 2.0 1.8 2.3 7
172 19 Turkmenistan 1.6 1.4 1.8 3
172 19 Uzbekistan 1.6 1.5 1.7 6
RANK
REGIONAL
RANK
SURVEYS USED
1 1 Denmark 9.3 9.1 9.4 6
4 2 Finland 9.2 9.1 9.3 6
4 2 Sweden 9.2 9.1 9.4 6
7 4 Netherlands 8.8 8.7 9.0 6
8 5 Switzerland 8.7 8.3 9.1 6
10 6 Norway 8.6 8.1 9.0 6
11 7 Iceland 8.5 7.7 9.2 5
11 7 Luxembourg 8.5 8.0 8.9 5
14 9 Ireland 8.0 7.7 8.3 6
15 10 Austria 7.9 7.4 8.4 6
15 10 Germany 7.9 7.5 8.3 6
20 12 United Kingdom 7.6 7.3 7.9 6
22 13 Belgium 7.1 6.9 7.2 6
25 14 France 6.8 6.4 7.2 6
26 15 Estonia 6.5 6.1 6.8 8
27 16 Slovenia 6.4 5.9 6.8 8
28 17 Cyprus 6.3 6.0 6.6 4
30 18 Spain 6.1 5.7 6.5 6
32 19 Portugal 6.0 5.4 6.7 6
37 20 Malta 5.6 5.3 5.8 3
41 21 Poland 5.3 5.0 5.5 8
46 22 Lithuania 5.0 4.4 5.5 8
50 23 Hungary 4.7 3.9 5.5 8
53 24 Czech Republic 4.6 4.1 5.1 8
59 25 Latvia 4.3 3.7 4.8 6
59 25 Slovakia 4.3 3.8 4.9 8
67 27 Italy 3.9 3.5 4.4 6
69 28 Romania 3.7 3.3 4.2 8
73 29 Bulgaria 3.6 3.2 4.0 8
78 30 Greece 3.5 3.1 3.9 6
EASTERN EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA EUROPEAN UNION AND WESTERN EUROPE

RANK
REGIONAL
RANK
SURVEYS USED
19 1 Qatar 7.7 6.6 8.6 7
28 2 United Arab Emirates 6.3 5.4 7.3 5
30 3 Israel 6.1 5.7 6.6 6
41 4 Oman 5.3 4.1 6.4 5
48 5 Bahrain 4.9 4.1 5.7 5
50 6 Jordan 4.7 4.0 5.5 7
50 6 Saudi Arabia 4.7 3.3 6.0 5
54 8 Kuwait 4.5 3.3 5.9 5
59 9 Tunisia 4.3 3.0 5.6 6
85 10 Morocco 3.4 2.9 3.9 6
91 11 Djibouti 3.2 2.1 4.7 3
98 12 Egypt 3.1 2.9 3.4 6
105 13 Algeria 2.9 2.6 3.2 6
127 14 Lebanon 2.5 2.0 2.9 4
127 14 Syria 2.5 2.1 2.8 5
146 16 Iran 2.2 1.6 3.1 4
146 16 Libya 2.2 2.0 2.4 6
146 16 Yemen 2.2 2.0 2.5 4
175 19 Iraq 1.5 1.2 1.9 3
RANK
REGIONAL
RANK
SURVEYS USED
33 1 Botswana 5.8 5.4 6.2 6
39 2 Mauritius 5.4 4.9 5.9 6
45 3 Cape Verde 5.1 4.1 6.1 4
49 4 Seychelles 4.8 3.0 6.8 3
54 5 South Africa 4.5 4.1 4.8 8
56 6 Namibia 4.4 3.9 4.9 6
62 7 Ghana 4.1 3.4 4.7 7
66 8 Rwanda 4.0 3.2 5.1 5
78 9 Lesotho 3.5 2.8 4.4 6
85 10 Malawi 3.4 2.8 3.9 7
87 11 Liberia 3.3 2.7 3.9 4
91 12 Gambia 3.2 1.9 4.4 5
91 12 Swaziland 3.2 3.1 3.4 4
98 14 Burkina Faso 3.1 2.4 3.8 6
101 15 Sao Tome and Principe 3.0 2.6 3.3 3
101 15 Zambia 3.0 2.7 3.3 7
105 17 Senegal 2.9 2.6 3.1 7
110 18 Benin 2.8 2.3 3.3 6
110 18 Gabon 2.8 2.1 3.3 3
116 20 Ethiopia 2.7 2.4 2.9 7
116 20 Mali 2.7 2.2 3.2 6
116 20 Mozambique 2.7 2.4 3.0 7
116 20 Tanzania 2.7 2.4 2.9 7
123 24 Eritrea 2.6 1.7 3.7 4
123 24 Madagascar 2.6 2.2 2.9 6
123 24 Niger 2.6 2.3 2.9 4
127 27 Uganda 2.5 2.1 2.9 7
134 28 Nigeria 2.4 2.2 2.7 7
134 28 Sierra Leone 2.4 2.1 2.6 5
134 28 Togo 2.4 1.8 3.0 4
134 28 Zimbabwe 2.4 1.8 3.0 7
143 32 Mauritania 2.3 1.9 2.7 6
146 33 Cameroon 2.2 2.0 2.4 7
146 33 Côte d´Ivoire 2.2 1.9 2.5 7
MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Sub-Saharan Africa continued on next page.

The Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) 2010 is an
aggregate indicator that brings together data from
sources that cover the past two years. For the 2010 CPI,
this includes surveys published between January 2009
and September 2010.
DATA SOURCES:
• The 2010 CPI is calculated using data from 13 sources
by 10 independent institutions. All sources measure the
overall extent of corruption (frequency and/or size of
bribes) in the public and political sectors, and all sources
provide a ranking of countries, i.e. include an assessment
of multiple countries.
• Evaluation of the extent of corruption in countries/
territories is done by two groups: country experts, both
residents and non-residents, and business leaders. In
the 2010 CPI, the following seven sources provided data
based on expert analysis: African Development Bank,
Asian Development Bank, Bertelsmann Foundation,
Economist Intelligence Unit, Freedom House, Global
Insight and the World Bank. Three sources for the CPI
2010 reflect the evaluations by resident business leaders
of their own country, IMD, Political and Economic Risk
Consultancy, and the World Economic Forum.
• For CPI sources that are surveys, and where multiple
years of the same survey are available, data for the past
two years is included.
• For sources that are scores provided by experts (risk
agencies/country analysts), only the most recent iteration
of the assessment is included, as these scores are generally
peer reviewed and change very little from year to year.
STEPS TO CALCULATE THE CPI:
1. The first step to calculate the CPI is to standardise the
data provided by the individual sources (that is, translate
them into a common scale). We use what is called a
matching percentiles technique that takes the ranks
of countries reported by each individual source. This
method is useful for combining sources that have different
distributions. While there is some information loss in this
technique, it allows all reported scores to remain within
the bounds of the CPI, i.e. to remain between 0 and 10.
2. The second step consists of performing what is called
a beta-transformation on the standardised scores. This
increases the standard deviation among all countries
included in the CPI and makes it possible to differentiate
more precisely countries that appear to have similar scores.
3. Finally, the CPI scores are determined by averaging all
of the standardised values for each country.
RESULTS:
• The CPI score and rank are accompanied by the
number of sources, the highest and lowest values given to
every country by the data sources, the standard deviation
and the confidence range for each country.
• The confidence range is determined by what is called
a bootstrap (non-parametric) methodology, which allows
inferences to be drawn on the underlying precision of
the results. A 90 per cent confidence range is then
established, where there is only a five per cent probability
that the value is below and a five per cent probability that
the value is above this confidence range.
For a more detailed explanation of the CPI method please
visit www.transparency.org/cpi
ANNEX A:
SHORT METHODOLOGICAL NOTE
RANK
REGIONAL
RANK
SURVEYS USED
154 35 Central African Republic 2.1 2.0 2.3 4
154 35 Comoros 2.1 1.7 2.6 3
154 35 Congo-Brazzaville 2.1 1.9 2.3 5
154 35 Guinea-Bissau 2.1 2.0 2.1 3
154 35 Kenya 2.1 2.0 2.3 7
164 40
Democratic Republic
of the Congo 2.0 1.7 2.3 4
164 40 Guinea 2.0 1.8 2.2 5
168 42 Angola 1.9 1.8 2.0 6
168 42 Equatorial Guinea 1.9 1.7 2.1 3
170 44 Burundi 1.8 1.6 2.0 6
171 45 Chad 1.7 1.6 1.9 6
172 46 Sudan 1.6 1.4 1.9 5
178 47 Somalia 1.1 0.9 1.4 3
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA CONTINUED

NUMBER 4 5 6
ABBREVIATION CPIA EIU FH
SOURCE
World Bank
(IDA and IBRD)
Economist
Intelligence Unit
Freedom House
NAME
Country Policy and Institutional
Assessment
Country Risk Service
and Country Forecast
Nations in Transit
YEAR PUBLISHED 2010 2010 2010
INTERNET
http://go.worldbank.org/
S2THWI1X60
www.eiu.com
www.freedomhouse.hu/
index.php?option=com_
content&task=view&id=196
WHO WAS
SURVEYED?
Country teams, experts inside
and outside the bank
Expert staff
assessment
Assessment by experts
originating from or resident
in the respective country
SUBJECT ASKED
Transparency, accountability,
and corruption in the public
sector
The misuse of public
office for private (or
political party) gain:
including corruption
in public procurement,
misuse of public
funds, corruption in
public service, and
prosecution of public
officials
Extent of corruption as practiced in
governments, as perceived by the public
and as reported in the media, as well as
the implementation of anti-corruption
initiatives.
NUMBER
OF REPLIES
Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable
COVERAGE
77 countries (eligible for IDA
funding)
135 countries 29 countries/territories
NUMBER 1 2 3
ABBREVIATION ADB AFDB BTI
SOURCE Asian Development Bank African Development Bank Bertelsmann Foundation
NAME
Country Performance
Assessment Ratings
Country Policy and Institutional
Assessments
Bertelsmann Transformation
Index
INTERNET
www.adb.org/Documents/
Reports/Country-Performance-
Assessment-Exercise/default.asp
www.afdb.org/pls/portal/url/ITEM
/5008432D529957FAE040C00A
0C3D3A86
www.bertelsmann-
transformation-index.de/english
WHO WAS
SURVEYED?
Network of local correspondents
and experts inside and outside
the organisation
SUBJECT ASKED
Transparency, accountability,
and corruption in the public
sector
Transparency, accountability, and
corruption in the public sector
The government’s capacity to
punish and contain corruption
NUMBER
OF REPLIES
Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable
COVERAGE
28 countries
(eligible for ADF funding)
53 countries
128 less developed and
transition countries
ANNEX B:
SOURCES OF INFORMATION

NUMBER 7 8 9
ABBREVIATION GI IMD
SOURCE Global Insight
IMD International, Switzerland,
World Competitiveness Center
NAME Country Risk Ratings IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook
INTERNET www.globalinsight.com www.imd.ch/wcc
WHO WAS
SURVEYED?
Expert staff assessment
Executives in top and middle management
in domestic and international companies
SUBJECT ASKED
The likelihood of encountering
corrupt officials, ranging from
petty bureaucratic corruption
to grand political corruption
Category Institutional Framework -
State Efficiency: “Bribing and corruption exist/do not exist”
NUMBER
OF REPLIES
Not applicable 3,960
COVERAGE 201 countries 57 countries 58 countries
NUMBER 10 11
ABBREVIATION PERC
SOURCE Political & Economic Risk Consultancy
NAME Asian Intelligence Newsletter
YEAR PUBLISHED 2009 2010
INTERNET www.asiarisk.com
WHO WAS
SURVEYED?
Expatriate business executives
SUBJECT ASKED How serious do you consider the problem of corruption to be in the public sector?
NUMBER
OF REPLIES
1,750 2,174
COVERAGE 16 countries 16 countries
NUMBER 12 13
ABBREVIATION WEF WEF
SOURCE World Economic Forum
NAME Global Competitiveness Report
YEAR PUBLISHED 2009 2010
INTERNET www.weforum.org
WHO WAS
SURVEYED?
Senior business leaders, domestic and international companies
SUBJECT ASKED
Undocumented extra payments or bribes connected with 1) exports and imports, 2) public utilities,
3) tax collection, 4) public contracts and 5) judicial decisions are common/never occur
NUMBER
OF REPLIES
More than 12,000 More than 13,000
COVERAGE 133 countries 139 countries

Transparency International
International Secretariat
Alt-Moabit 96
10559 Berlin
Germany
Phone: +49 - 30 - 34 38 200
Fax: +49 - 30 - 34 70 39 12
ti@transparency.org

Corruption Perceptions Index 2010

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