COST OPTIMIZATION OF CONCRETE BY REPLACING FINE AGGREGATE WITH WALNUT SHELL POWDER
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The document discusses optimizing the cost of concrete by replacing fine aggregate with walnut shell powder. Tests were conducted with 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% replacements of fine aggregate by walnut shell powder in concrete mixes. Compressive strength tests on concrete cubes at 28 days showed strengths decreased as walnut shell powder replacement increased, but remained adequate for M20 grade concrete up to 20% replacement. Detailed mix designs and cost calculations are provided for 0%, 10%, and 20% replacements, showing lower material costs with increased walnut shell powder usage.
![Mirza Shahab Husain, Anwar Ahmad, Samarul Huda and Mohd Asim
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 89 editor@iaeme.com
REFERENCES
[1] Ferhat Ozdemir, Alperen Kaymakci, Nadir Ayrilmis Physical, mechanical, and thermal
properties of polypropylene composites filled with walnut shell flour” by in “Journal of
Industrial and Engineering Chemistry” year 2012.
[2] Amarnath Yerramala Ramachandrudu C, “Properties of Concrete with Coconut Shells as
Aggregate Replacement”, published in “International Journal of Engineering Inventions”,
year 2012.
[3] Daniel Yaw Osei,”Experimental assessment on coconut shells as aggregate in concrete”, in
“International Journal of Engineering Science Invention Volume 2 Issue 5 May. 2013
[4] Maninder Kaur, Manpreet Kaur, in ”A Review on Utilization of Coconut Shell as Coarse
Aggregates in Mass Concrete “International Journal of Applied Engineering Research,
ISSN 0973-4562 Vol. 7 No.11,2012
[5] Abdullah AA. Basic strength properties of lightweight concrete using agricultural wastes
as aggregates. In: Proceedings of international conference on low-cost housing for
developing countries, Roorkee, India, 1984
[6] Mannan MA, Ganapathy C. Engineering propersties of concrete with oil palm shell as
coarse aggregate. Constr Build Mater 2002; 16:29–34.
[7] Mannan MA, Ganapathy C. Concrete from an agricultural waste-oil palm shell (OPS).
Build Environ 2004; 39:441–8.
[8] Mirza Shahab Husain, Anwar Ahmad, Samarul Huda and Mohd Asim, Cost Optimization
of Concrete by Replacing Fine Aggregate with Walnut Shell Powder. International Journal
of Civil Engineering and Technology, 5(11), 2014, pp. 181–191.
[9] Prof. Wakchaure M.R., Sapate S.V, Kuwar B.B. And Kulkarni P.S, Ccost Optimization of
Reinforced Concrete Chimney. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology,
4(2), 2013, pp. 402–414.
[10] Alengaram UJ, Jumaat MZ, Mahmud H. Ductility behaviour of reinforced palm kernel shell
concrete beams. Eur J Sci Res 2008; 23(3):406–20.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/ijciet0803008-170601075720/85/COST-OPTIMIZATION-OF-CONCRETE-BY-REPLACING-FINE-AGGREGATE-WITH-WALNUT-SHELL-POWDER-8-320.jpg)
COST OPTIMIZATION OF CONCRETE BY REPLACING FINE AGGREGATE WITH WALNUT SHELL POWDER
- 1. http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 82 editor@iaeme.com International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 8, Issue 3, March 2017, pp. 82–89 Article ID: IJCIET_08_03_008 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=3 ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316 © IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed COST OPTIMIZATION OF CONCRETE BY REPLACING FINE AGGREGATE WITH WALNUT SHELL POWDER Mirza Shahab Husain Student, M. Tech (Construction Technology and Management), Department of Civil Engineering, Integral University, Lucknow-India Anwar Ahmad Associate Professor), Department of Civil Engineering, Integral University, Lucknow-India Samarul Huda Student, M. Tech (Construction Technology and Management), Department of Civil Engineering, Integral University, Lucknow-India Mohd Asim Student, M. Tech (Construction Technology and Management), Department of Civil Engineering, Integral University, Lucknow-India ABSTRACT The cost of the development material is expanding step by step in creating nation which leads in the exploration of the option material in the structural designing development. Presently work is going on development material to diminish the cost of the development. Among the vast majority of material horticulture squander material assumes a crucial part. The agribusiness squander either tossed as a waste or blazed which discharges heaps of dangerous material with prompts to breathing issues and numerous destructive sicknesses. So in this examination paper walnut shell is being utilized as option material. Concrete with the typical total and walnut shell powdered with the 10-30% of supplanting with walnut shell powdered. Key word: Concrete, Cost Optimization, Walnut Shell Powder Cite this Article: Mirza Shahab Husain, Anwar Ahmad, Samarul Huda and Mohd Asim, Cost Optimization of Concrete by Replacing Fine Aggregate with Walnut Shell Powder. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 8(3), 2017, pp. 82–89. http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=3
- 2. Mirza Shahab Husain, Anwar Ahmad, Samarul Huda and Mohd Asim http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 83 editor@iaeme.com 1. INTRODUCTION Concrete is a material like comparative in appearance and properties to some characteristic lime stone shake. It can be thought to be artificial composite; the significant constituent of it is normal total, for example, rock or pulverized shake, sand and fine particles of concrete powder and at last blended with the water. While the development material cost is expanding step by step; the reasons are appeal, shortage of crude material and additionally high cost of vitality walnut shell speaks to over 60% of household waste volume. Walnut shell is an inexhaustibly accessible agrarian waste from neighborhood ventures. In this way, in creating nations like India, these squanders can be utilized as potential material or substitution material in the development field. 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS The materials utilized as a part of this venture were walnut shell slag, sand (fine total), rock (coarse total), concrete and water. The great amount of walnut shell is promptly gotten from the northern piece of India. The walnut shell cinder is thought to be puzzolana since it has concoction constituent of specific components found in great puzzolana and common Portland concrete (OPC). The walnut shell fiery remains utilized as a part of this work is very much grained into fine particles. The walnut shell acquired from Kashmir state, India as a noteworthy walnut creating range in Northern India was then completely cleaned and dried for substance pretreatment with a specific end goal to expel pollutions from the shell. The following stage is to warm the treated walnut shell in an electric mute heater at a temperature of 500 0Cto 600 0C for 4 hours keeping in mind the end goal to create the walnut shell fiery debris. The outcome is then tried to decide the molecule measure dissemination of the cinder as per Indian standard establishment, which would pass microns sifter. Keeping in mind the end goal to uncover its synthesis, the examination of the GSA and the blended solid outline are directed at the basic research center of the Department of Civil and Construction Technology and Management Engineering, Integral University at Lucknow. The blend proportion utilized is 1:2:4 at various ostensible supplanting of OPC with GSA and water bond proportion of 0.55 by weight. The substitution levels of 0% to 30% by weight of GSA in the mass proportioning was utilized to set up the crisp solid blend which are then set into the test block molds of 150mm x 150mm x 150mm. For every substitution level, twenty test 3D shapes were thrown. In get ready for the compressive quality test, the test 3D squares were brought out of the molds following 24 hours and after that put in a curing tank containing clean water to cure for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days separately. 3. TESTING AND ANALYSIS Table 1 Testing of 4 cubes of concrete with control walnut shell size of cube (150x150x150), M20 Design mix Cement (kg/m3) Walnut shell (0%) Fine aggregate (kg/m3) Coarse aggregate (kg/m3) Water (litres) A0 9 0 15 24.6 4 B0 9 0 15 24.6 4 C0 9 0 15 24.6 4 D0 9 0 15 24.6 4
- 3. Cost Optimization of Concrete by Replacing Fine Aggregate with Walnut Shell Powder http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 84 editor@iaeme.com Table 2 Testing of 4 cubes of concrete with 10% walnut shell size of cube (150x150x150), M20 Design mix Cement (kg/m3) Walnut shell (10%) Fine aggregate (kg/m3) Coarse aggregate (kg/m3) Water (litres) A1 9 0.9 14.1 24.6 4 B1 9 0.9 14.1 24.6 4 C1 9 0.9 14.1 24.6 4 D1 9 0.9 14.1 24.6 4 Table 3 Testing of 4 cubes of concrete with 20% walnut shell size of cube (150x150x150) M20 Design Mix No. Cement (kg/m3) Walnut shell (20%) Fine aggregate (kg/m3) Coarse aggregate (kg/m3) Water (litres) A2 9 1.8 13.2 24.6 4 B2 9 1.8 13.2 24.6 4 C2 9 1.8 13.2 24.6 4 D2 9 1.8 13.2 24.6 4 Table 4 Testing of 4 cubes of concrete with 30% walnut shell size of cube (150x150x150) m20 Design mix Cement (kg/m3) Walnut shell (30%) Fine aggregate (kg/m3) Coarse aggregate (kg/m3) Water (litres) A2 9 2.7 12.3 24.6 4 B2 9 2.7 12.3 24.6 4 C2 9 2.7 12.3 24.6 4 D2 9 2.7 12.3 24.6 4 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Table 5 Compressive strength of concrete (M20) after 28 days of curing Walnut (%) Average strength (M pa) 0 27.43 31.63 30.20 28.45 10 25.63 30.90 29.90 26.66 20 22.07 30.45 26.86 25.03 30 23.30 25.80 24.20 21.60
- 4. Mirza Shahab Husain, Anwar Ahmad, Samarul Huda and Mohd Asim http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 85 editor@iaeme.com Table 6 Compressive strength of concrete (M20) after 28 days of curing Walnut (%) Average strength (Mpa) 0 27.43 31.63 30.20 28.45 10 25.63 30.90 29.90 26.66 20 22.07 30.45 26.86 25.03 30 23.30 25.80 24.20 21.60 Providing and laying in position machine batched and machine mixed design mix M-30 grade cement concrete for reinforced cement concrete work, using cement content as per approved design mix, including pumping of concrete to site of laying but excluding the cost of centering, shuttering, finishing and reinforcement, including fly ash and steel fiber in variable proportions to accelerate, retard setting of concrete, improve strength and durability. Descriptive statistics showing fly ash content (0%, 10%, 20% and 30%) in mix design is highlighted in table7, 8, 9 and 10 in order. Table 7 0% fly ash content in mix design 0% fly ash Description Unit Quantity (cum) Rate/cum Amount Coarse aggregate (size 20mm ) cum 0.74 1175.00 867.24 Carriage of stone aggregate below 40 mm nominal size cum 0.74 106.49 78.60 Coarse sand (zone III) cum 0.42 1200.00 505.53 Carriage of Coarse sand cum 0.42 106.49 44.86 OPC cement tonne 0.43 6300.00 2677.50 Carriage of cement tonne 0.43 94.65 40.23 fly ash (garage f) cum 0.00 8.00 0.00 Carriage of fly ash cum 0.00 106.49 0.00 steel fibre (both side hooked) kg 6.38 40.00 255.00 Concrete Mixer and machine charges day 1.00 800.00 800.00 LABOUR Mason day 0.17 417.00 70.89 Beldar day 2.00 329.00 658.00 Bhisti day 0.90 363.00 326.70 Vibrator (Needle type 40 mm) day 0.07 350.00 24.50
- 5. Cost Optimization of Concrete by Replacing Fine Aggregate with Walnut Shell Powder http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 86 editor@iaeme.com 0% fly ash Description Unit Quantity (cum) Rate/cum Amount TOTAL 6349.05 Add miscellaneous & Water Charges @ 1% 63.49 Total Amount 6412.54 add 15% of contractor profit 961.88 SUB TOTAL 7374.42 COST FOR 1 CUM 7374.42 Table 8 10% fly ash content in mix design 10% fly ash Description Unit Quantity (cum) Rate/cum Amount Coarse aggregate (size 20mm ) cum 0.74 1175.00 867.24 Carriage of stone aggregate below 40 mm nominal size cum 0.74 106.49 78.60 Coarse sand (zone III) cum 0.74 1200.00 885.69 Carriage of Coarse sand cum 0.74 106.49 78.60 OPC cement tonne 0.74 6300.00 4649.88 Carriage of cement tonne 0.74 94.65 69.86 fly ash (garage f) cum 0.74 8.00 5.90 Carriage of fly ash cum 0.74 106.49 78.60 steel fibre (both side hooked) kg 0.74 40.00 29.52 Concrete Mixer and machine charges day 0.74 800.00 590.46 LABOUR Mason day 0.74 417.00 307.78 Beldar day 0.74 329.00 242.83 Bhisti day 0.74 363.00 267.92 Vibrator (Needle type 40 mm) day 0.74 350.00 258.33 TOTAL 0.74 8411.21 Add miscellaneous & Water Charges @ 1% 0.74 84.11 Total Amount 0.74 8495.33 add 15% of contractor profit 0.74 1274.30 SUB TOTAL 0.74 9769.62 COST FOR 1 CUM 9769.62
- 6. Mirza Shahab Husain, Anwar Ahmad, Samarul Huda and Mohd Asim http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 87 editor@iaeme.com Table 9 20% fly ash content in mix design 20% fly ash Description unit Quantity (cum) Rate/cum Amount Coarse aggregate (size 20mm ) cum 0.74 1175.00 867.24 Carriage of stone aggregate below 40 mm nominal size cum 0.74 106.49 78.60 Coarse sand (zone III) cum 0.42 1200.00 505.53 Carriage of coarse sand cum 0.42 106.49 44.86 OPC cement tonne 0.33 6300.00 2047.50 Carriage of cement tonne 0.33 94.65 30.76 fly ash (garage f) cum 0.08 8.00 0.60 Carriage of fly ash cum 0.08 106.49 8.05 steel fibre (both side hooked) kg 4.88 40.00 195.00 Concrete Mixer and machine charges day 1.00 800.00 800.00 LABOUR Mason day 0.17 417.00 70.89 Beldar day 2.00 329.00 658.00 Bhisti day 0.90 363.00 326.70 Vibrator (Needle type 40 mm) day 0.07 350.00 24.50 TOTAL 5658.23 Add miscellaneous & Water Charges @ 1% 56.58 Total Amount 5714.82 add 15% of contractor profit 857.22 SUB TOTAL 6572.04 COST FOR 1 CUM 6572.04 Table 10 30% fly ash content in mix design 30% fly ash Description Unit Quantity (cum) Rate/cum Amount Coarse aggregate (size 20mm ) cum 0.74 1175.00 867.24 Carriage of stone aggregate below 40 mm nominal size cum 0.74 106.49 78.60 Coarse sand (zone III) cum 0.42 1200.00 505.53 Carriage of coarse sand cum 0.42 106.49 44.86 OPC cement tonne 0.28 6300.00 1732.50 Carriage of cement tonne 0.28 94.65 26.03 fly ash (garage f) cum 0.10 8.00 0.77 Carriage of fly ash cum 0.10 106.49 10.22 steel fibre (both side hooked) kg 4.13 40.00 165.00 Concrete Mixer and machine charges day 1.00 800.00 800.00 LABOUR Mason day 0.17 417.00 70.89 Beldar day 2.00 329.00 658.00
- 7. Cost Optimization of Concrete by Replacing Fine Aggregate with Walnut Shell Powder http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 88 editor@iaeme.com 30% fly ash Description Unit Quantity (cum) Rate/cum Amount Bhisti day 0.90 363.00 326.70 Vibrator (Needle type 40 mm) day 0.07 350.00 24.50 TOTAL 5310.83 Add miscellaneous & Water Charges @ 1% 53.11 Total Amount 5363.94 add 15% of contractor profit 804.59 SUB TOTAL 6168.53 COST FOR 1 CUM 6168.53 Figure 1 Cost escalation due to increase content of walnut shell in concrete 5. CONCLUSION The experiment on compressive test on different walnut shell it has been found that by replacement of walnut shells in place of aggregates, 10%, 20% &30% replacement will have been decreased marginally the strength properties of concrete compared to the normal concrete. The optimum replacement of fine aggregate with walnut is obtained at 20%. It can very well serve as a light weight concrete in construction industry. By using these materials the reuse of agricultural waste material and reduce the cost of construction material in construction industry. The 28-day compressive strength of the concrete using walnut shell aggregate was found to be 29.3 N/mm2 under full water curing and it satisfies the requirement for structural lightweight concrete. It should, however, further investigations are required before it can be used as a building material. Cost Percent of walnut shell 7374.42 0% 9769.62 10% 6572.04 20% 6168.53 30% 5400 5600 5800 6000 6200 6400 6600 6800 7000 7200 0 10 20 30 Cost Percent of walnut shell Cost variation
- 8. Mirza Shahab Husain, Anwar Ahmad, Samarul Huda and Mohd Asim http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 89 editor@iaeme.com REFERENCES [1] Ferhat Ozdemir, Alperen Kaymakci, Nadir Ayrilmis Physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of polypropylene composites filled with walnut shell flour” by in “Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry” year 2012. [2] Amarnath Yerramala Ramachandrudu C, “Properties of Concrete with Coconut Shells as Aggregate Replacement”, published in “International Journal of Engineering Inventions”, year 2012. [3] Daniel Yaw Osei,”Experimental assessment on coconut shells as aggregate in concrete”, in “International Journal of Engineering Science Invention Volume 2 Issue 5 May. 2013 [4] Maninder Kaur, Manpreet Kaur, in ”A Review on Utilization of Coconut Shell as Coarse Aggregates in Mass Concrete “International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, ISSN 0973-4562 Vol. 7 No.11,2012 [5] Abdullah AA. Basic strength properties of lightweight concrete using agricultural wastes as aggregates. In: Proceedings of international conference on low-cost housing for developing countries, Roorkee, India, 1984 [6] Mannan MA, Ganapathy C. Engineering propersties of concrete with oil palm shell as coarse aggregate. Constr Build Mater 2002; 16:29–34. [7] Mannan MA, Ganapathy C. Concrete from an agricultural waste-oil palm shell (OPS). Build Environ 2004; 39:441–8. [8] Mirza Shahab Husain, Anwar Ahmad, Samarul Huda and Mohd Asim, Cost Optimization of Concrete by Replacing Fine Aggregate with Walnut Shell Powder. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 5(11), 2014, pp. 181–191. [9] Prof. Wakchaure M.R., Sapate S.V, Kuwar B.B. And Kulkarni P.S, Ccost Optimization of Reinforced Concrete Chimney. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 4(2), 2013, pp. 402–414. [10] Alengaram UJ, Jumaat MZ, Mahmud H. Ductility behaviour of reinforced palm kernel shell concrete beams. Eur J Sci Res 2008; 23(3):406–20.