Course on Hydrography

1
16 November 2004 Hydrographic Course (Maa-123.550) 20
International Co-operation
within
Hydrography
Finnish Maritime Administration
Juha Korhonen
16 November 2004
Contents:
• Background for Hydrography
• International Hydrographic Organisation (IHO) and
its activities
• Re-organisation of the IHO
• Other International Organisations
• Co-operation within Neighbouring Countries
Background for Hydrography
• Definition of Hydrography
• Importance of Hydrography
• International Resolutions on Hydrography
Definition of Hydrography
Hydrography is that branch of applied sciences
which deals with the measurement and
description of the features of the seas and
coastal areas for the primary purpose of
navigation and all other marine purposes
and activities, including –inter alia - offshore
activities, research, protection of the
environment, and prediction services.
The Importance of Hydrography
In the past few decades, the following important factors have emphasized the need for
adequate hydrographic survey coverage and the production of nautical charts and
publications:
• the advent of exceptionally deep draught VLCC ships
• the need to protect the marine environment
• changing maritime trade patterns
• the growing importance of seabed resources
• and the U.N. Law of the Sea Convention affecting areas of national
jurisdiction.
Many charts which were adequate a decade ago, may have to be recompiled using new
survey data, collected to a higher degree of accuracy and providing improved coverage
This deficiency may not be limited to sparsely surveyed waters of developing nations,
but may also apply to the coastal waters of major industrial states. The advent of
accurate satellite navigation, has made poorly positioned historical data an even
greater problem for navigators.
Fortunately, new survey technologies have advanced the precise and coverage to
which modern hydrographic surveys can be conducted.
INTERNATIONAL SCENARIO
“RELEVANT ELEMENTS”
UNCLOS, 1985
U.N. RESOLUTION, 1998
SOLAS CONVENTION CHAPTER V, 2002
UNICPOLOS AND U.N. RESOLUTION, 2003

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UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON THE
LAW OF THE SEA 1985
Production of CHARTS to be used when:
- Establishing baselines
- Measuring extent of Territorial Sea, C. Zone and EEZ
- Defining extent of Continental Shelf
- Identifying tracks and traffic separation schemes
- Identifying sea lanes and innocent passage routes
- Deploying submarine cables and ducts
- Conducting drilling in the sea floor
UNITED NATIONS RESOLUTION
A/53/32 - 1998
“ Invites States to cooperate in carrying out
hydrographic surveys and in providing
nautical services for the purpose of ensuring
safe navigation as well as to ensure the
greatest uniformity in charts and nautical
publications and to coordinate their activities
so that hydrographic and nautical information
is made available on a worldwide scale.”
IMO SOLAS Convention Chapter V:
Regulation 9 Hydrographic Services
1. Contracting Governments undertake to arrange for the collection and compilation of
hydrographic data and the publication, dissemination and keeping up to date all nautical
information necessary for safe navigation.
2. In particular, Contracting Governments undertake to co-operate in carrying out, as far as
possible, the following nautical and hydrographic services, in the manner most suitable for the
purpose of aiding navigation:
.1 to ensure that hydrographic surveying is carried out, as far as possible, adequate to the
requirements of safe navigation;
. 2 to prepare and issue nautical charts, sailing directions, lists of lights, tide tables and other
nautical publications, where applicable, satisfying the needs of safe navigation;
.3 to promulgate notices to mariners in order to keep nautical charts and publications, as far
as possible, up to date.
.4 to provide data management arrangements to support these services.
3. Contracting Governments undertake to ensure the greatest possible uniformity in charts and
nautical publications and to take into account, whenever possible, relevant international
resolutions and recommendations.*
Contracting Governments undertake to co-ordinate their activities to the greatest possible degree in
order to ensure that hydrographic and nautical information is made available on a world-wide
scale as timely, reliably, and unambiguously as possible.
* Refer to the resolutions and recommendations of the International Hydrographic Organization.
SOLAS V, REGULATION 9SOLAS V, REGULATION 9 (2002)(2002)
«« Hydrographic ServicesHydrographic Services »»
Contracting Governments undertake toContracting Governments undertake to
arrange for thearrange for the collection and compilationcollection and compilation
of hydrographic dataof hydrographic data and theand the publication,publication,
dissemination and keeping up to date ofdissemination and keeping up to date of
all nautical informationall nautical information necessary for safenecessary for safe
navigation.navigation.
SOLAS V, REGULATION 9 (2002)
« Hydrographic Services »
In particular,In particular,
ContractingContracting GovernmentsGovernments undertake toundertake to
coco--operateoperate in carrying out, as far asin carrying out, as far as
possible, the following nautical andpossible, the following nautical and
hydrographic services, in the mannerhydrographic services, in the manner
most suitable for the purpose of aidingmost suitable for the purpose of aiding
navigation:navigation:
2.12.1
TTo ensure thato ensure that hydrographichydrographic
surveyingsurveying is carried out, asis carried out, as
ffarar as possible, adequate toas possible, adequate to
the requirements of safethe requirements of safe
navigation;navigation;

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2.22.2
To prepare and issueTo prepare and issue
official nautical chartsofficial nautical charts,,
sailing directions, listssailing directions, lists
of lights, tide tables andof lights, tide tables and
other officialother official nauticalnautical
publicationspublications, where, where
applicable, satisfyingapplicable, satisfying
the needs of safethe needs of safe
navigation;navigation;
2.3 to promulgate2.3 to promulgate notices tonotices to
marinersmariners in order to keepin order to keep
official nautical charts andofficial nautical charts and
publications, as far aspublications, as far as
possible, up to date;possible, up to date;
2.4 to provide2.4 to provide data Managementdata Management
AArrangementsrrangements to supportto support
these services.these services.
3.3. Contracting GovernmentsContracting Governments
undertake to ensure theundertake to ensure the
greatest possible uniformitygreatest possible uniformity
in charts and nauticalin charts and nautical
publications and to take intopublications and to take into
account, whenever possible,account, whenever possible,
the relevantthe relevant InternationalInternational
rresolutionsesolutions andand
recommendationsrecommendations..(*)(*)
(*)(*)Refer to the resolutions andRefer to the resolutions and
recommendations of the Internationalrecommendations of the International
Hydrographic Organization.Hydrographic Organization.””
4. Contracting Governments4. Contracting Governments
undertake toundertake to coco--ordinateordinate
their activities to the greatesttheir activities to the greatest
possible degree in order topossible degree in order to
ensure that hydrographicensure that hydrographic
and nautical information isand nautical information is
made available on amade available on a
worldwideworldwide scale asscale as timelytimely,,
reliablyreliably andand unambiguouslyunambiguously
as possible.as possible.
THE UN APPROVED RESOLUTION
A/RES/58/240 – 2003 BASED ON
UNICPOLOS RECOMMENDATION
o welcome the work of the IHO and its regional
commissions, encourage States to become IHO
members, support the IHO trust fund and examine the
possibility of partnership with the private sector;
o invite IHO and IMO to continue their coordinated
efforts and adopt joint measures with respect to
enhancing transitioning to ENCs, and to increase
coverage of hydrographic information; and
o encourage intensified efforts to build capacity for
developing countries to improve hydrographic
services and production of nautical charts.
Kansainvälinen
merikartoitusorganisaatio
International Hydrographic
Organisation
IHO

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Formation of the International Hydrographic Bureau
International cooperation in the field of hydrography began with a
Conference held in Washington in 1899 followed by two others in Saint
Petersburg in 1908 and 1912. In 1919, twenty-four nations met in London
for a Hydrographic Conference during which it was decided that a
permanent body should be created. The resulting International
Hydrographic Bureau began its activity in 1921 with nineteen Member
States.
At the invitation of H.S.H. Prince Albert I of
Monaco, a noted marine scientist, the Bureau
was provided with headquarters in the
Principality of Monaco.
In 1957 Finland joined to the IHO.
The IHB Changes its Status to an International
Organization
In 1970, an intergovernmental Convention entered into force which
changed the Organization's name and legal status, creating the
International Hydrographic Organization (IHO), with its headquarters
(the IHB) permanently established in Monaco.
The Organization currently has a membership of seventy five
maritime States, with several others in the process of becoming
Members.
International Hydrographic Organization
Directing Committee, together with a small international staff of
technical experts in hydrography and nautical cartography,
coordinates the technical programmes and provides advice and
assistance to Member States.
All Member States have an equal voice in arriving at agreed
solutions to problems of standardization and in programming the
work of the Bureau, whilst any Member may initiate new proposals
for IHO consideration and adoption.
Between Conferences such matters are normally accomplished by
correspondence.
INTERNATIONAL HYDROGRAPHIC CONFERENCE
2002
The International Hydrographic Organization is an intergovernmental consultative and
technical organization that was established in 1921 to support the safety in navigation and the
protection of the marine environment.
The objects of the Organization is to bring about:
• The coordination of the activities of national hydrographic offices
• The greatest possible uniformity in nautical charts and documents
• The adoption of reliable and efficient methods of carrying out and exploiting
hydrographic surveys
• The development of the sciences in the field of hydrography and the techniques
employed in descriptive oceanography
• The official representative of each Member Government within the IHO is normally
the national Hydrographer, or Director of Hydrography.
Hydrographers, together with their technical staff, meet at 5-yearly intervals in Monaco for an
International Hydrographic Conference. The Conference reviews the progress achieved by the
Organization and adopts the programmes to be pursued during the ensuing 5-year period.
A Directing Committee of three senior Hydrographers is elected to administer the work of the
Bureau during that time.

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Now 75 Member States.
The MS fee and the number of votes defined by the tonnage of MS
fleet.
Total budget 2.300.000 €/year
Finland’s share 31.000 €/year
All MS have equal right to participate in the Conference,
Committees and Working Groups.
Official languages: English, French.
Unofficial languages: Spain (Russia)
IHO Member States provide an essential service in supporting
Maritime Safety, and are also important providers of data for
Marine Scientific Re-search.
The Member States of the IHO
ALGERIA
ARGENTINA
AUSTRALIA
BAHRAIN
BANGLADESH
BELGIUM
BRAZIL
CANADA
CHILE
CHINA
COLOMBIA
CONGO
CROATIA
CUBA
CYPRUS
DENMARK
DOMINICAN REP
ECUADOR
EGYPT
ESTONIA
FIJI
FINLAND
FRANCE
GERMANY
GREECE
GUATEMALA
ICELAND
INDIA
INDONESIA
IRAN
ITALY
JAMAICA
JAPAN
KOREA-DPR
KOREA-Rep
KUWAITMALAYSIA
MEXICO
MONACO
MOROCCO
MOZAMBIQUE
MYANMAR
NETHERLANDS
NEW ZEALAND
NIGERIA
NORWAY
OMAN
PAKISTAN
PAPUA NEW GUINEA
PERU
PHILIPPINES
POLAND
PORTUGAL
RUSSIA
SERBIA/MONTENEGRO
SINGAPORE
SLOVENIA
SOUTH AFRICA
SPAIN
SRI LANKA
SURINAM
SWEDEN
SYRIA
THAILAND
TONGA
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO
TUNISIA
TURKEY
UKRAINE
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
UNITED KINGDOM
URUGUAY
USA (NOAA, CNMOC, NIMA)
VENEZUELA
The Member States of the IHO in 2004
75 Member States
IHO organisation
Regional Hydrographic Commissions
Nordic Hydrographic Commission (NHC)
North Sea Hydrographic Commission (NSHC)
East Asia Hydrographic Commission (EAHC)
US/Canada Hydrographic Commission (USCHC)
Mediterranean and Black Seas Hydrographic
Commission (MBSHC)
Baltic Sea Hydrographic Commission
(BSHC)
Eastern Atlantic Hydrographic Commission
(EAtHC)
South- East Pacific Hydrographic Commission (SEPHC)
South- West Pacific Hydrographic Commission (SWPHC)
MESO American & Caribbean Sea Hydrographic
Committee (MACHC)
Southern Africa and Islands Hydrographic Commission
(SAIHC)
North Indian Ocean Hydrographic Commission (NIOHC)
ROPME Sea Area Hydrographic Commission (RSAHC)
IHO Hydrographic Committee on Antarctica
IHO organisation
Nordic Hydrographic Commission
Chairman: Mr. Hafsteinn Hafsteinsson (Iceland)
Members: Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden
Next Meeting: 7-9 February 2005 – Reykjavik, Iceland.
IHO organisation
Baltic Sea Hydrographic Commission
Chairman: Admiral A. KOMARITSYN ( Russia)
Vice-Chairman: Mr Janis Krastins ( Latvia )
Members: Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Poland, Russia, Sweden.
Associate members: Latvia, Lithuania.
Next Meeting: 2005, Riga, Latvia
Working Groups: BSICC, HELCOM MWG,

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International Hydrographic Bureau
• Situated in Monaco
• Is the secretariat of the Organisation
• Administered by a Directing Committee:
• made up of three senior hydrographers
• supported by technical and administrative personnel.
The IH Bureau carries out the tasks assigned to it by the Convention or the
Conference.
It is the responsibility of the Bureau in particular:
• To bring about a close and permanent association between national
hydrographic offices;
• To study any matters relating to hydrography and the allied sciences and
techniques and to collect the necessary papers;
• To further the exchange of nautical charts and documents between
hydrographic offices of member Governments;
• To circulate the appropriate documents;
• To give guidance and advice upon request, in particular to countries
engaged in setting up or expanding their hydrographic service;
• To encourage coordination of hydrographic surveys with relevant
oceanographic activities;
• To cooperate with international organizations and scientific institutions
which have related objectives.
Director 2
Captain
Hugo GORZIGLIA
Chile
President
Vice Admiral
Alexandros MARATOS
Greece
Director 1
Rear Admiral
Kenneth BARBOR
USA
PROFESSIONAL ASSISTANTS
Technical Assistance, Training, Capt. F. BERMEJO BARO, Spain
Publications
Cartography Ing. en chef M. HUET, France
Data Management and IT Mr. A. PHARAOH, South Africa
Hydrography Steve SHIPMAN, UK
Administration and Logistics Mr. C. VELARD, France
Activities of the IHO
• Standardisation
• International (INT) Charts
• Technical Cooperation
• Capacity Building
• Education and Training
• Hydrographic Surveys
• Charts and Nautical Documents
• Digital Data Bases and Displays (ECDIS)
• Cooperation with International Organisations
• Bathymetry and Ocean Mapping
IHO Committees and Working Groups
AB FIG-IHO-ICA International Advisory Board on Standards of Competence for Hydrographic Surveyors
ABLOS Advisory Board on the Law of the Sea.
CBC Capacity Building Committee (CBC)
CHRIS Committee on Hydrographic Requirements for Information Systems
• C&SMWG Colours and Symbols Maintenance Working Group
• CSPCWG Chart Standardization and Paper Chart Working Group
• DQWG Data Quality Working Group
• SNPWG Standardization of Nautical Publications Working Group
• DPSWG Data Protection Scheme Working Group
•TSMAD Transfer Standard Maintenance and Application Development Working Group
CPRNW Commission on Promulgation of Radio Navigational Warnings
FC Finance Committee
GEBCO General Bathymetric Chart of Oceans (Guiding Committee).
IHO-IOC by the IHO Data Center for Digital Bathymetry (DCDB)
• SCDB GEBCO Sub-Committee on Digital Bathymetry
• SCUFN GEBCO Sub-Committee on Undersea Feature Names
HGE Harmonization Group on ECDIS
HGMIO IHO-IEC Harmonizing Group on Marine Information Objects
LAC IHO Legal Advisory Committee
MoHWG IHO Manual on Hydrography Working Group
S-32 IHO Committee on the Hydrographic Dictionary
S-44 IHO Standards for Hydrographic Surveys
SPWG Strategic Planning Working Group
TC Tidal Committee
WEND World-wide Electronic Navigational Chart Database
World-wide Electronic Navigational Chart Database
(WEND)
The WEND committee provides a forum for the coordination of the activities of IHO
Member States and for the harmonization of the policies of regional ENC
Coordinating Centres (RENC), with respect to matters related to administration,
legality, finances, technical processes, etc.
The chief objective of the WEND committee is to promote the establishment of a
World-wide Electronic Navigational Chart Database (WEND) suitable for the needs
of international shipping.
In the interests of safety at sea and in response to the increasing demand for ENC,
IHO Member States are encouraged to work together in establishing and
maintaining a WEND, and to share in common experiences in order to reduce
expenditure, and ensure the greatest possible standardization and reliability.
WEND Task Group:
The main outcome of the 7th WEND meeting was the setting-up of a WEND Task
Group aimed at speeding up the achievement of a worldwide ENC coverage and
updating, uniform data quality, and user-friendly and integrated ENC services.

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Committee on Hydrographic Requirements for
Information Systems (CHRIS)
To promote and coordinate the development of official digital products and services
to meet the requirements of mariners.
Objectives:
a) To monitor the requirements of mariners associated with development and use of
electronic information systems that may require data provided by national
hydrographic offices, and identify the matters that may affect the activities and
products of these offices.
b) To study and propose methods and minimum standards for the development and
provision of official digital hydrographic data, nautical products and other related
services.
c) To prepare and maintain publications to describe and promote the Committee's
recommended methods and standards adopted by the IHO, and advise national
hydrographic offices about implementation procedures as required by those
offices.
d) To consider alternative procedures for the timely production of standards, for
example using external expertise when necessary.
e) To establish and maintain contact with other relevant IHO bodies, such as the
Committee on WEND, the Legal Advisory Committee, the IHO WG on Copyright,
etc...
f) To liaise with other relevant international organizations.
CHRIS Working Groups:
CHRIS activities are conducted through specialized
working groups relating to standardisation of:
• Hydrographic data transfer (TSMAD)
• ECDIS colours and symbols (C&SMWG)
• Nautical publications (SNPWG)
• Paper charts (CSPCWG)
• ENC data protection (DPSWG)
• Data quality (DQWG) [currently dormant]
• Standard for hydrographic surveys (S-44WG)
• Marine information objects (HGMIO) [in liaison with the IEC]
FIG/IHO/ICA INTERNATIONAL ADVISORY BOARD ON
STANDARDS OF COMPETENCE FOR HYDROGRAPHIC
SURVEYORS AND NAUTICAL CARTOGRAPHERS
COURSES:
The Advisory Board has awarded recognition to more than 40 courses
implemented worldwide. These courses must update their content in
accordance with the Standards of Competence continuously updated by
the Advisory Board.
RELEVANT DOCUMENTS:
IHO M-59 "Standards of Competence for Hydrographic Surveyors
IHO M-8 "Standards of Competence for Nautical Cartographers
IHO S-47 "Courses in Hydrography and Nautical Cartography"
IHO M-6 "Reference texts for training in Hydrography"
1. The FIG/IHO/ICA International Advisory Board shall:
a) Review at appropriate intervals (not exceeding two years) the recommended
minimum standards of competence for hydrographic surveyors and nautical
cartographers, taking into account comments and recommendations received
from National Focal Points (NPF) and other authorities.
b) Maintain and promulgate all publications and documents resulting from the
tasks carried out by the Board.
c) Review the syllabi of programmes submitted by Hydrographic Offices,
institutions and learned bodies taking into account comments and
recommendations received from National Focal Points and other authorities.
d) Provide advice and comments on such syllabi by comparison with the
recommended minimum standards and award certificates of programme
recognition to those institutions whose programmes meet the recommended
standards.
e) Review the procedures of submission.
f) Communicate with IHO through the IHB, with FIG through the Chair of
Commission IV, and with ICA through the Commission on Marine Cartography.
IHO COMMITTEE ON THE HYDROGRAPHIC
DICTIONARY (S-32)
Objectives:
• Review and update the different volumes (English, French,
and Spanish) of the Hydrographic Dictionary on a
continuous basis.
• Liaise with other IHO bodies developing publications
containing glossaries to ensure consistency.
• Liaise with bodies of other organizations developing
dictionaries and/or glossaries.
ACTIVITIES OF THE IHO
STANDARDIZATION
For over 75 years the IHO has consistently worked towards achieving maximum
standardization of nautical products, services and survey practices.
IHO publication M-4, is an example of an IHO standard that has resulted in the
adoption of consistent colours, symbols, nomenclature and general presentation
for charts produced by IHO Member Organization.
This has made it possible for mariners
to use charts compiled by any member
organisation, with confidence.

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IHO Standards and Recommendations:
M-4 Regulations for INT Charts and Chart Specifications
M-5 Standards of Competence for Hydrographic Surveyors
M-8 Standards of Competence for Nautical Cartographers
M-11 Catalogue of INT Charts - Guidance for Regional Coordinators
of INT Chart Scheme
M-12 List of Lights S-44
S-44 IHO Standards for Hydrographic Surveys
S-52 Specifications for Chart content and display aspects of ECDIS
S-53 World Wide Navigational Warning Service Guidance
Document
S-57 IHO Transfer standard for Digital Hydrographic Data
S-58 Recommended ENC Validation Checks
S-61 Product Specification for RNC
S-62 User Agency Codes for S-57
S-63 IHO Data Protection Scheme
THE INTERNATIONAL (INT) CHART
The idea of a common, worldwide chart series (INT Charts)
produced to a single set of agreed specifications was
adopted in 1971.
Under this arrangement, member nations wishing to print
their own versions of another members INT charts, may do
so by obtaining (by mutual agreement), copies of the
necessary reproducible material and printing their own
copies.
The programme for small scale (1/10 000 000 and 1/3 500
000) INT charts, has been completed.
Many of the charts at medium and larger scales have also
been published.
This has made it possible for
mariners to use charts compiled
by any member organisation,
with confidence.
TECHNICAL COOPERATION AND CAPACITY
BUILDING
The IHO, as a recognized authority on hydrography and nautical
charting, acts as a coordinating body for the promotion of projects
aimed at establishing or strengthening the hydrographic capabilities
of developing countries.
In support of such activity, the IHO promotes cooperation between
maritime states and facilitates exchange of technology to developing
states.
The Organization encourages the formation of bilateral, multilateral
and multinational agreements between nations and international
organizations for technical cooperation in hydrographic projects,
including the provision of vessels, equipment, joint hydrographic
surveys, training and supervisory experts.
EDUCATION AND TRAINING
Education is essential in creating and maintaining a modern hydrographic
service. Over 20 IHO Member States offer more than 30 technical training
programs in hydrography that conform to guidelines established by the IHO.
In some instances these programs are offered free of charge.
The IHO sponsors hydrographic and cartographic training at the International
Maritime Academy (IMA) with the tuition funded by the European Union and
the Italian Government.
In cooperation with the FIG and ICA, a comprehensive set of Standards of
Competence for hydrographic surveyors and nautical cartographers has been
drawn up, together with appropriate syllabi for the guidance of universities
and teaching establishments throughout the world.
An international Advisory Board supervises the application of these standards
with a view to achieving internationally recognized qualifications in the
hydrographic profession. The Advisory Board reviews the training syllabi of
world wide educational institutions, and awards international certificates of
recognition to those courses which have achieved the required minimum
standards of competence.
HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEYS
Collectively, IHO Member States have a fleet of about 400
hydrographic survey vessels, numerous hydrographic launches,
support helicopters, and aircraft equipped with laser survey
equipment.
Surveys include land topography, bathymetry (soundings), and
oceanographic measurements (e.g. tides, currents, waves).
Soundings (depth measurements) are mainly acquired using single
and multi beam (sonar) ship mounted echo sounding equipment,
however, in shallow coastal waters, aircraft mounted laser equipment,
is also being used for the rapid collection of bathymetry data.
Most survey data is collected in digital form which facilitates the
creation of data bases that are used for the generation of navigational
products such as chart, bathymetric maps and customized GIS
information.
DIGITAL DATA BASES AND DISPLAYS
(ECDIS)
The advent of digital data, computers and display
systems is having a considerable impact on
hydrographic and navigation technology.
New developments such as ECDIS, have changed the
focus of activities of many hydrographic organizations
and certain sectors of the maritime industry.
Several IHO working groups have been established to
co-ordinate these new developments and to provide the
necessary specifications to ensure the standardization
of these products and services.

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Worldwide ENC Coverage 2004
http://www.iho.shom.fr/ [>ENC >Coverage]
CHARTS AND NAUTICAL DOCUMENTS
One copy of every new INT Chart and publication produced by
a Member State is examined and then archived at the
International Hydrographic Bureau.
Under the IHO Convention, free exchange of single copies of
charts and nautical publications among Member States is
fostered.
PUBLICATIONS
IHO produces numerous publications which are available from the IHO Web-site, or
can be provided on CD-ROM. Printed copies of some periodical publications are
also available.
Most IHO publications are produced in English and French, however some of the
more significant publications are also issued in Spanish. Further information
concerning all IHO publications is available in the Publications Catalogue which is
available in English, French and Spanish.
Periodical Publications
P-4 Catalogue of Publications
P-5 IHO Yearbook
P-6 Reports of Proceedings of
the IH Conferences
P-7 IHO Annual Report
Bathymetric PublicationsMiscellaneous
PublicationsSpecial Publications
B-1 GEBCO Sheets
B-2 Catalogue of IHO Bathymetric Plotting Sheets
B-4 Information Concerning Recent Bathymetric data
B-6 Standardisation of Undersea Feature Names
B-7 GEBCO Guidelines
B-8 Gazetteer GEBCO Digital Atlas
PUBLICATIONS
Miscellaneous Publications
M- 1Basic Documents of the IHO
M- 2National Maritime Policies and Hydrographic
Services
M- 3Resolutions of the IHO
M- 4Regulations for INT Charts and Chart
Specifications
M- 5Standards of Competence for Hydrographic
Surveys
M- 6Journals for Training in Hydrography
M- 8Standards of Competence for Nautical
Cartographers
M- 11Catalogue of INT Charts- Guidance for
Regional Coordinators of INT Chart Schemes
M- 12List of Lights
Special Publications
S- 23 Limits of Oceans and Seas
S- 32 Hydrographic Dictionary
S- 44 IHO Standards for Hydrographic Surveys
S- 47 Training Courses in Hydrography and Nautical
Cartography.
S- 51 Technical Aspects of the UN Convention on the
Law Of the Sea.
S- 52 Specifications for Chart content and display
aspects of ECDIS.
S- 53 World Wide Navigational Warning Service
Guidance Document.
S- 55 Status of Hydrographic Surveying and Nautical
Charting Worldwide.
S- 57 IHO Transfer standard for Digital Hydrographic
Data.
S- 58 Recommended ENC Validation Checks.
S- 59 Status of Hydrographic Surveying and Nautical
Charting in Antarctica
S- 60 Handbook on Datum Transformations
S- 61 Product Specification for RNC
S- 62 User Agency Codes for S- 57
S- 63 IHO Data Protection Scheme
BATHYMETRY AND OCEAN MAPPING
The IHO contributes towards development of scientific knowledge of the
ocean environment by coordinating the systematic collection and recording
of ocean bathymetry on a World Series of Bathymetric Plotting Sheets.
This global coverage of deep ocean data, is available to hydrographers,
oceanographers, geoscientists and educational institutions.
Much of the data contained on these plotting sheets have been digitised and
are available from the IHO Data Centre for Digital Bathymetry (DCDB) which is
located at the U.S. National Geophysical Data Center, Boulder, Colorado,
USA.
The bathymetric data are also used for the preparation of the General
Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO), which comprises 18 separate map
sheets, covering all oceanic area.
The GEBCO Series is produced jointly by the IHO and the Intergovernmental
Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO. The 5th Edition of the GEBCO
was completed in 1982, and its digital equivalent, the GEBCO Digital Atlas
(GDA) is available on CD-ROM.
International Bathymetric Charts:
Mediterranean and Black Seas (IBCM)
Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico (IBCCA)
Central Eastern Atlantic Ocean (IBCEA)
Western Indian Ocean (IBCWIO)
Western Pacific Ocean (IBCWP)
Arctic Ocean (IBCAO)
South Eastern Pacific (IBCSEP)
The IHO participates in several IOC sponsored
regional International Bathymetric Chart projects:
A primary aim of these regional
ocean mapping programmes, is
the development of a regional
series of bathymetric maps at
scale 1:1 million, followed by
geological/geophysical series.

10
The bathymetric data are also used for the preparation of the General Bathymetric
Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO), which comprises 18 separate map sheets, covering
all oceanic area. The GEBCO Series is produced jointly by the IHO and the
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO. The 5th Edition
of the GEBCO was completed in 1982, and its digital equivalent, the GEBCO Digital
Atlas (GDA) is available on CD-ROM.
COOPERATION WITH INTERNATIONAL
ORGANISATIONS
International Maritime Organization (IMO);
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO (IOC);
International Association of Lighthouse Authorities (IALA);
Federation Internationale des Géomètres (FIG);
International Association of Ports and Harbours (IAPH);
International Maritime Academy (Trieste);
International Cartographic Association (ICA),
International Organization for Standardization (ISO);
Pan American Institute of Geography and History (PAIGH);
Interaction with Non-Governmental Organisations (NGO)
• NGOs may be as observers in Committees and WGs
• Many private companies have contributed significantly
to developments of standards
• Industry/stakeholders meeting (“Industry Days”)
• Held normally once a year.
• Presented by the most active organisations and private
companies
Participation of the Finnish Hydrographic
Office to the Work of the IHO
1. National Hydrographer
• Nominated by the Foreign Ministry
• Presents the Finnish Government
• Mr. Jukka Varonen
2. Regional Commissions
• Nordic Hydrographic Commission
• Baltic Sea Hydrographic Commission
3. Committees and Working Groups
Re-organisation of the IHO
IHO Strategy
SWOT Analysis
Proposed Changes to the IHO
IHO STRATEGIC PLAN
approved by Member States in March 2000
TRANSITION TO DIGITAL ERA
GLOBAL COVERAGE
REPLY TO EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT
ADEQUATE FUNDING
CAPACITY BUILDING
PROVISION OF OTHER SERVICES

11
Re-organisation of the IHO 2002 -2005
2002 XVI Conference established
the Strategic Planning Working Group:
• to define to the IHO a modern organisation model
• to Propose the needed changes to the IHO Convention and
Basic Documents
• To report to the Extraordinary IH Conference (April 2005)
SPWG Results 2004:
• Analysis of the current situation
• Proposed Vision, Mission, Objectives
• Proposed Organisation
• Proposed Changes to the Convention
IHO strengths
• International organisation
with global coverage and
operated regionally (RHC)
• Technology oriented
• Try to foster the technical
development of MSs
• Cost effective
IHO weaknesses
• Slow decision making
• Inflexible
• Slow growing of
memberships
• Conferences (nature,
frequency)
• Cooperation with NGOs
• Slow technical development
is some MSs
• Slow development of RHCs
• IHB quite separate unit
IHO Proposed Vision
To be the recognised international hydrographic
authority advancing maritime safety and efficiency, and
supporting the protection and sustainable use of the
marine environment.
IHO Proposed Mission
To create a global environment in which States provide
adequate and timely hydrographic data, products and
services and ensure their widest possible use.
The IHO Proposed Objectives:
• promote the use of hydrography for the safety of navigation
and all other marine purposes and to raise global awareness
of the importance of hydrography;
• improve global coverage, availability, quality and access to
hydrographic data, information, products and services;
• improve global hydrographic capability, capacity, science and
techniques.
• establish and support the development of international
standards for the quality and formats of hydrographic data,
information, products, services and techniques and to
achieve the greatest possible uniformity in the use of these
standards;
• give authoritative and timely guidance on all hydrographic
matters to States and international organizations;
• facilitate coordination of hydrographic activities among
Member States;
• enhance cooperation on hydrographic activities amongst
States on a regional basis.
The IHO current organisation
The Proposed New IHO Organisation

12
Main Features of the Changes:
• General Assembly: 3 years, strategic issues
• Council: 25% of MSs, yearly, operative issues
• Main Committees: all MSs, yearly,
• Hydrographic Services& Standards Committee (Technical
Committee)
• Inter-Regional Coordination Committee
• Regional Hydrographic Commissions:
• growing importance
• Interaction with Private Sector defined
• More efficient decision making (voting rules)
• Secretariat: Secretary General, 2 Directors, 5 PAs
Finland’s Co-operation within Neighbouring
Countries
• Russia, Estonia, Sweden
- United Kingdom, Germany, Norway, Denmark, …
- IHO Technical resolutions
- Bilateral Agreements
- Copyright, exchange of chart data, INT Charts
- Custodianship
Co-operation within Neighbouring countries
Bilateral Agreements:
Based on IHO Technical Resolution TR A.3.4.
Based on IHO recommendation in Circular Letter 48/1995.
• Both Parties recognise the copyright of the others data and charts.
• Both Parties try to prevent the illegal use of the other’s data.
• Both Parties grant to the other party the right to use their data on the others
charts and publications. These products are identified and the amount of
proportion for the other’s data has been identified.
• Prizes and copyright fees have been agreed on.
• Copyright notices will be put on products.
• Permissions to the Third Parties custodianship (now cancelled)
• Both parties are responsible for their own data.
Other International Organisations
HELCOM (the Helsinki Commission)
Commission for the Protection of the Environment of
the Baltic Sea
Copenhagen Declaration Sept. 2001
- Hydrographic re-surveys
- Requirements to ENC Production
- Promoting of the use of ECDIS
- Requirements to intensify the
inspection of nautical charts
on ships
www.helcom.fi
PRIMAR Stavanger
- A Regional ENC Database
Coordinating Centre (RENC)
- Established based on WEND
Principles
- For distributing of ENCs for the co-
operating HOs
- www.primar.org
IC-ENC another RENC operated by the UKHO 16 November 2004 Hydrographic Course (Maa-123.550) 91
The Hydrographic Society
http://www.hydrographicsociety.org/welcome.html
Open ECDIS Forum (OEF)
http://www.iho.shom.fr/ [>ENC >Open ECDIS Forum]
S-63X S-63 Extension Working Group
http://www.s63x.org/
FIG - Commission IV - Hydrography
http://www.iho.shom.fr/ [>Intl. > FIG]
ICA - Commission on Marine Cartography
http://www.iho.shom.fr/ [> [>Intl. > ICA]

13
Gulf of Finland Reporting System (GOFREP)
Mandatory Ship Reporting System, adopted by the IMO.
Has been established:
- to improve maritime safety,
- to protect the marine environment and
- to monitor compliance with International
Regulations for
Preventing Collisions at Sea.
In operation from 1st July 2004.
The sea areas in the Gulf of Finland are monitored jointly
by Finland, Estonia and the Russian Federation.
United Nations (UN)
International Maritime Organization (IMO)
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC)
International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and
Lighthouse Authorities (IALA)
International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS)
International Federation of Surveyors (FIG) (Commission 4 –
Hydrography)
UNCLOS: United Nations Convention on Law of the Seas
http://www.admiraltylawguide.com/conven/unclostable.html
United Nations Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on
Oceans and the Law of the Sea
http://www.un.org/Depts/los/consultative_process/consultative_process.htm
THE RESULT OF AN INADEQUATE
HYDRO-CARTOGRAPHIC CAPABILITY
DOES NOT CONTRIBUTE TO THE
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF
MARITIME STATES
THEREFORE « IN CONJUNCTION »
WE WOULD LIKE TO AVOID THIS
For more details: http://www.iho.shom.fr/

14
16 November 2004 Hydrographic Course (Maa-123.550) 98 16 November 2004 Hydrographic Course (Maa-123.550) 99
For more details:
http://www.fma.fi/e/functions/charts/
http://www.fma.fi/toiminnot/merikartoitus/
http:// www.iho.shom.fr
• Links to the HOs
• Links to other organisations
Thanks for your attention!
Questions?

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