Creating Customer Value, Satisfaction and Loyalty / Marketing Management BY Kotler Keller
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The document discusses key concepts related to customer value, satisfaction, and loyalty. It covers traditional versus modern customer-oriented organizations, determining customer perceived value and its drivers, measuring customer satisfaction, defining loyalty, and frameworks for customer relationship management. Steps for customer value analysis, retention, and managing the customer base are also outlined.
Creating Customer Value, Satisfaction and Loyalty / Marketing Management BY Kotler Keller
- 1. Creating Customer Value, Satisfaction and Loyalty 5
- 2. Sequence of the Lecture/Discussion • Traditional Organization versus Modern Customer Oriented Organization • Customer Perceived Value and its Determinants • Steps in a Customer Value Analysis • Customer Satisfaction/Measuring Satisfaction • What is Loyalty? • Customer Relationship Management/Framework for CRM • Customer Retention /Steps in Attracting and Retaining Customers • Managing the Customer Base
- 3. Traditional Organization versus Modern Customer-Oriented Organization Traditional Organization ---------- Modern Customer-Oriented Organization
- 4. What is Customer Perceived Value? Customer perceived value is the difference between the prospective customer’s evaluation of all the benefits and all the costs of an offering and the perceived alternatives. • Total customer benefit is the perceived value of the bundle of economic, functional, and psychological benefits customers expect from a given market offering because of the product, service, people, and image. • Total customer cost is the perceived bundle of costs customers expect to incur in evaluating, obtaining, using and disposing of the given market offering, including monetary, time, energy, and psychological costs.
- 5. Determinants of Customer Perceived Value Image benefit Psychological cost Personnel benefit Energy cost Services benefit Time cost Product benefit Monetary cost Total customer benefit Total customer cost
- 6. Steps in a Customer Value Analysis 1. Identify the major attributes and benefits customers value. Customers are asked what attributes, benefits, and performance levels they look for in choosing a product and vendors. Attributes and benefits should be defined broadly to encompass all the inputs to customers’ decisions. 2. Assess the quantitative importance of the different attributes and benefits. Customers are asked to rate the importance of different attributes and benefits. If their ratings diverge too much, the marketer should cluster them into different segments. 3. Assess the company’s and competitors’ performances on the different customer values against their rated importance. Customers describe where they see the company’s and competitors’ performances on each attribute and benefit.
- 7. Steps in a Customer Value Analysis 4. Examine how customers in a specific segment rate the company’s performance against a specific major competitor on an individual attribute or benefit basis. If the company’s offer exceeds the competitor’s offer on all important attributes and benefits, the company can charge a higher price(thereby earning higher profits), or it can charge the same price and gain more market share. 5. Monitor customer values over time. The company must periodically redo its studies of customer values and competitors’ standings as the economy, technology, and features change.
- 8. Customer Satisfaction Satisfaction is a person’s feelings of pleasure or disappointment that result from comparing a product’s perceived performance(or outcome) to expectations . If the performance falls short of expectations, the customer is dissatisfied. If it matches expectations ,the customer is satisfied. If it exceeds expectations, the customer is highly satisfied or delighted.
- 9. Measuring Satisfaction • Periodic Surveys can track customer satisfaction directly and ask additional questions to measure repurchase intention and the respondent’s likelihood or willingness to recommend the company and brand to others. • Companies can monitor their Customer Loss Rate and contact those who have stopped buying or who have switched to another supplier to find out why. • They can hire Mystery Shoppers to pose as potential buyers and report on strong and weak points experienced in buying the company’s and competitors’ products. • Monitoring of Competitive Performance
- 10. What is Loyalty? Loyalty is a deeply held commitment to re-buy or re- patronize a preferred product or service in the future despite situational influences and marketing efforts having the potential to cause switching behavior.
- 11. The Main Steps in Customer Loyalty
- 12. What is Customer Relationship Management? • CRM is the process of carefully managing detailed information about individual customers and all customer touch points to maximize customer loyalty. A customer touch point is any occasion on which a customer encounters the brand and product—from actual experience to personal or mass communications to casual observation. For a hotel, the touch points include reservations, check-in and checkout, frequent- stay programs, room service, business services, exercise facilities, laundry service, restaurants, and bars.
- 13. Focus on CRM
- 14. Framework for CRM 1. Identify your prospects and customers. Don’t go after everyone. Build, maintain, and mine a rich customer database with information from all the channels and customer touch points. 2. Differentiate customers in terms of (1) their needs and (2) their value to your company. Spend proportionately more effort on the most valuable customers (MVCs). 3. Interact with individual customers to improve your knowledge about their individual needs and to build stronger relationships. Formulate customized offerings you can communicate in a personalized way. 4. Customize products, services, and messages for each customer. Facilitate customer interaction through the company contact center and Website
- 15. Customer Retention • It is not enough to attract new customers; the company must also retain them and increase their business. Too many companies suffer from high customer churn or defection. Acquisition of customers can cost five times more than retaining current customers. • The average company loses 10% of its customers each year. • A 5% reduction to the customer defection rate can increase profits by 25% to 85%.
- 16. • To reduce the defection rate, the company must: • Define and measure its retention rate. For a magazine, subscription renewal rate is a good measure of retention. For a college, it could be first- to second-year retention rate, or class graduation rate. • Distinguish the causes of customer attrition and identify those that can be managed better. Not much can be done about customers who leave the region or go out of business, but much can be done about those driven away by poor service, shoddy products, or high prices. • Compare the lost customer’s lifetime value to the costs of reducing the defection rate. As long as the cost to discourage defection is lower than the lost profit, spend the money to try to retain the customer.
- 17. Managing The Customer Base • Reducing the rate of customer defection. Selecting and training employees to be knowledgeable and friendly increases the likelihood that customers’ shopping questions will be answered satisfactorily. • Increasing the longevity of the customer relationship. The more engaged with the company, the more likely a customer is to stick around. • Enhancing the growth potential of each customer through “share of wallet,” cross-selling, and up-selling. Sales from existing customers can be increased with new offerings and opportunities. Harley-Davidson sells more than motorcycles and accessories like gloves, leather jackets,helmets, and sunglasses.
- 18. • Making low-profit customers more profitable or terminating them. To avoid the direct need for termination, marketers can encourage unprofitable customers to buy more or in larger quantities, forgo certain features or services, or pay higher amounts or fees. Banks, phone companies, and travel agencies all now charge for once-free services to ensure minimum revenue levels. Firms can also discourage those with questionable profitability prospects. • Focusing disproportionate effort on high-profit customers. The most profitable customers can be treated in a special way. Thoughtful gestures such as birthday greetings, small gifts, or invitations to special sports or arts events can send them a strong positive signal.
- 19. Any Queries ?
- 20. • Customer lifetime value (CLV) describes the net present value of the stream of future profits expected over the customer’s lifetime purchases. The company must subtract from its expected revenues the expected costs of attracting, selling, and servicing the account of that customer, applying the appropriate discount rate (say, between 10 percent and 20 percent, depending on cost of capital and risk attitudes). Lifetime value calculations for a product or service can add up to tens of thousands of dollars or even into six figures.
- 21. What is Quality? Quality is the totality of features and characteristics of a product or service that bear on its ability to satisfy stated or implied needs.