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Crowdsourcing Digitization: Harnessing Workflows to Increase Output
- 1. Crowdsourcing Digitization Harnessing Workflows to Increase Output Gretchen Gueguen, East Carolina University Ann Hanlon, Marquette University LITA National Forum, 2008 Cincinnati, Ohio
- 2. What is crowdsourcing? Jeff Howe, Wired Magazine , 2006 “ distributed labor networks are using the Internet to exploit the spare processing power of millions of human brains” – best example, Wikipedia… Any end achieved by harnessing the wisdom and labor of crowds Distributing the burden of a large endeavor Howe, Jeff. “The Rise of Crowdsourcing”, Wired Magazine , Issue 14.06, June 2006
- 3. Crowdsourcing Digitization Crowd? Patrons and Co-workers Capturing digitization for patron request Selection is driven by patron request Centralized and Decentralized staffing for digitization Object : Build robust digital collections Online collections dense enough for systematic research (not just showcases)
- 4. Crowdsourcing Digitization The Wisdom of Crowds How the project was conceived and developed: success story The Madness of Crowds How the project failed, why: bringing it back from the brink Crowd Control Methods used and lessons learned Attracting a Crowd Critical mass for the masses: why we digitize
- 5. The Wisdom of Crowds
- 6. The Wisdom of Crowds Project Background: Archives and Special Collections Digital image management for archives and special collections Reducing redundancy – many items requested for digitization more than once, why not track them? Digital Collections and Research (DCR) New office to coordinate digitization efforts established Establishing a digital repository More ambitious than just image management Image management = capturing patron scanning workflow to populate the new repository
- 7. The Wisdom of Crowds Coordination between Archives and Digital Collections: New metadata schema New best practice guidelines Developing Repository Fedora required development Meanwhile, patron scanning continues to grow…
- 8. The Wisdom of Crowds Answer: Scanning Database Microsoft Access database: “stop-gap measure” while digital repository was being built Corresponded to newly created XML schema and metadata requirements for repository
- 9. The Wisdom of Crowds
- 10. The Wisdom of Crowds Biggest beneficiary: University Archives Receives the most scanning requests from patrons Capture patron requests, as well as items scanned prior to implementation of Scanning Database University celebrating 150 th anniversary Documentary “ Coffee table” book Departmental histories Nostalgic alumnae
- 11. The Wisdom of Crowds Collections created by crowdsourcing digitization: University AlbUM National Trust for Historic Preservation Postcard Collection
- 12. The Madness of Crowds
- 13. The Madness of Crowds Evolution Evolving standards for both metadata and imaging Training/Quality (dis)Organization Backlog www.funnyfreepics.com
- 14. The Madness of Crowds Evolution Quality of legacy scans file types spatial resolutions Color profiles Clipping, noise, and other “problems” Flawed equipment Training/Procedures (dis)Organization Backlog
- 15. The Madness of Crowds Rotated 90º Rotated 180º 24-bit color 300 dpi tif 8-bit 600 dpi tif 48-bit color 600 dpi tif Bitonal EPS 16-bit 300 dpi JPEG indexed color 72 dpi gif PDF???
- 16. The Madness of Crowds
- 17. Evolution Metadata Quality Lack of experience with controlled vocabularies and input standards Changing metadata requirements Training/Procedures (dis)Organization Backlog The Madness of Crowds It’s not quite wrong… but, it’s not quite right
- 18. Evolution Training/Procedures No standard guidelines for scanning procedures No quality control procedures for images or metadata No one to set them up anyway… (dis)Organization Backlog The Madness of Crowds
- 19. The Madness of Crowds
- 20. The Madness of Crowds
- 21. The Madness of Crowds Evolution Training/Procedures (dis)Organization Does everything fit in a “collection? Backlog
- 22. The Madness of Crowds Evolution Training/Procedures (dis)Organization Backlog Robust metadata standard to enable repurposing and “sharability” Could take 10x more time to do metadata than scanning Volume of scanning didn’t leave much time for metadata
- 23. The Madness of Crowds
- 24. Crowd Control
- 25. Create Documentation “ Teachable” standard Responsibility Quality Divide and Conquer?!? Crowd Control
- 26. Crowd Control Create Documentation TEACH it Responsibility Quality: Live it, Learn it, Love it Divide and Conquer 6. file format 3. straightness and placement 1. resolution 2. color 4. reference points (targets) 5. noise
- 27. Crowd Control Puglia, 2007 Imaging Environment Defined Image State RAW Prepped for a specific output Output Referred - looks towards output Input Referred - looks towards sensor Original Referred - defined relationship between original and digital version Current Practice Emerging Practice More technical metadata is needed Should be able to get by with less technical metadata
- 28. Create documentation TEACH it! Quality: Live it, Learn it, Love it Have curatorial staff check for accuracy and completeness DCR staff follow up with a check of a statistically significant portion for style and consistency Eventually, give curatorial staff to make corrections as they find them using the web-based administrative form Responsibility Divide and conquer?!? Crowd Control
- 29. Documentation “ Teachable” standard Quality: Live it, Learn it, Love it Responsibility Someone has to have some But it doesn’t have to be an entire job Divide and Conquer Crowd Control
- 30. Create documentation TEACH it! Quality: Live it, Learn it, Love it Responsibility Divide and conquer?!? Stub record created at request time; Cataloging enhances Crowd Control
- 31. Crowd Control Create documentation TEACH it! Quality: Live it, Learn it, Love it Responsibility Divide and conquer Give up Less control, more power
- 32. Crowd Control Would you want to try this? Give yourself room to evolve and change through the project Don’t feel like every image is a precious snowflake More than any single technique, it’s the philosophy of crowdsourcing that’s more important
- 33. Crowd Control Would you want to try this? Don’t feel like every image is a precious snowflake l Access to a low-quality scan… … is still better than no access at all.
- 34. Would you want to try this? More than any single technique, it’s the philosophy of crowdsourcing that’s important
- 35. Crowd Control
- 38. Attracting a Crowd Letting Go “ Letting go” creates efficiencies Looking at expertise across the Libraries Distribute the burden Move away from “trophy” collections toward online Research Collections
- 39. Attracting a Crowd Distributed Problem-solving Ideas from Archives: Organizing repository by subject rather than by collection Dabbling in folder-level description (and digitization) rather than just item-level Neutral Collection-building Erway, Ricky and Jennifer Schaffner. 2007, “Gearing Up to Get Into the Flow.” Report produced by OCLC Programs and Research (formerly RLG)
- 40. Attracting a Crowd Distributed Problem-solving Ideas from Archives: Using “stub records” from patron request forms Dabbling in folder-level description (and digitization) rather than just item-level “ Neutral” Collection-building Wikipedia-style collection-building Building a collection with wide range
- 41. Attracting a Crowd Mass digitization Google projects: Books Newspapers Mass decision- making Instead of item-level decision-making
- 42. Attracting a Crowd Making Digitization a Core Function of the Library Mission Statements come to life! Organizing around digitization – very little has really been done yet Why? For researchers “ Fringe activities” need to become core investments Metadata creation Digitization Council on Library and Information Resources (CLIR). No Brief Candle: Reconceiving Research Libraries for the 21 st Century , 2008.
- 43. Crowdsourcing Digitization THANKS! Access these slides at: http://www.personal.ecu.edu/presentations/Crowdsourcing.ppt Or: http://www.slideshare.net Gretchen Gueguen [email_address] East Carolina University Greenville, North Carolina Ann Hanlon [email_address] Marquette University Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Editor's Notes
- #2: Who we are, where we were….