Cryogenics and its future

Presented By
Muhammad Akmal (610581)
Presented To
Professor Dr. Saqlain Shah
CRYOGENICS & Its FUTURE

It is the study of very low temperature. In
cryogenic system, temperature is very low as
-150 C to -273 C.
 The word “Cryogenics” originates from Greek
word “kryo” which means cold.
 It is the production and behavior of material at
very low temperature.
 In 1898, DeWar liquefied hydrogen at 20K & HK
Onnes liquefied Helium at 4.2K in 1908.

Swiss watchmakers bury gears and watch parts in
mountain caves under snow.
In 1930’s ,tool die makers started freezing the
cutting tools to retain their sharpness for long
time.
Hugo Junker Aircraft Company start making aircraft
engine tools cryogenically.
In 1960, NASA engineers emphasizes cryogenic
spacecraft engineering.
In 1966, ED Busch established cryotech in the USA.

The extremely low temperature is produced by using
substances called “cryogens.”
1) Liquid Nitrogen
2) Liquid Helium
3) Liquid Hydrogen
4) Fluorine
 Cryogens stored in a vessel called as DeWar flask
which provides good insulation.

Cryogenic treatment of metals.
Cryogenic food freezing
Cryomedicnes
Biological sample storage
Power generation terminal LNG
Spacecraft and rocket industry
Superconducting materials
Cryonics preserved

Just apply cryogenic temperature to skin to
produce defense and remove abnormal tissue is
called cryotherapy.
Cryosurgery is branch of cryotherapy but in
cryosurgery we treat deep inside the skin.
CRYOTHERAPY
CRYOMEDICNE
CRYOSURGERY

Dr. Ian Cooper discover cryoneurosurgical
treatment for Parkinson's disease.
Small cryogenic needle is inserted inside the brain.
Tip of needle is right there which controls
Parkinson's disease.
A portion of brain is frozen by tip of needle.
Basal Ganglia

i
Material is slowly cooled from room temperature
to -196 C.
Material is soaked at this temperature for 8 hours
to 30 hours.
I. Ramp down
II. Soaking
III. Ramp up

 4% to 14% hardness increases.
 16% to 23% wear resistance increases.
 High hardness with reduced toughness.
 Improve the dimensional stability.
 Durability increases 126%.

 It use the liquid nitrogen to freeze food products while
preserving, freshness and quality of food.
 It usually undergoes change of state. The cryogenic
temperature for this is -80 C.
 Excess amount of ice and temperature 0 C to 5 C cause
the physical and chemical damage of food.

 Natural gas can be convert into LNG by cooling it down to
-162 C.
 It is colorless, odorless and non toxic, non corrosive
 Its density is also very low i.e. 0.4 – 0.5 kg/L.

In 1900s , H.K Onnes discover the “Yatrium Barium
Copper Oxide.”

Someone who want to preserve the dead body will
be cryonically treated.
First body will put in a machine similar to heart
lung bypass, it will maintain oxygenation & safe it
from tissue damaging.
Body will slowly cool to -320 F in liquid nitrogen
Chamber. Dead body will be forever. Cryonicists
Kowalski is hopeful for its bright future.

Tid Williams
S. Coles Nosek
PayPal Owner

Cryogenic will also be helpful for data coding of
DNA & RNA.
Cryogenics also play role in spaceships and rockets.
Superconductors will change the entire world.
There will be zero wastage of food.
Untreatable diseases will be treated without loss
of blood.

I. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2018.10.324
II. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2013.12.007
III. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426911003720862
IV. http://www.poten.com/?URL=ut_glossary.asp
V. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.06.035
VI. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/1501474
VII.https://www.gulfcryo.com/technologies_food_fre
ezing.html

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