CSEB bricks.pdf
- 1. D D D d BUILDING THE FUTURE WITH EARTH USING COMPRESSED STABILIZED EARTH BLOCKS (CSEB) A “Greener material”
- 2. 2 AUROVILLE EARTH INSTITUTE The Auroville Earth Institute (AVEI), based near Pondicherry is researching, developing, promoting and transferring earth-based technologies by: Disseminating knowledge through seminars and websites Providing regular training and workshops to people all over the world: More than 7,850 trainees of which more than 3,700 from 73 foreign countries Publishing manuals and documents Providing consultancy within and outside India AVEI is member of a world network and Representative and Resource Centre for Asia of the UNESCO Chair “Earthen Architecture, Constructive Cultures and Sustainable Development” AVEI was granted thirteen awards: two international awards and eleven Indian awards CSEB is the Auroville Earth Institute’s technique of excellence.
- 3. WHAT ARE CSEB? They can reach a dry compressive strength of 9 MPa (in Auroville). CSEB are also called E’Blocks, as Eco-friendly, Economical, Earth block Top soil is removed and only the deeper soil is extracted. CSEB are used on all continents. CSEB are a major tool for the renaissance of earth architecture worldwide. It is today the earth technology which is used the most worldwide. The Auram Press 3000 can produce about 80 types of blocks with 18 moulds. CSEB are a mix of soil, sand, a stabilizer (often 5% of cement), and water. They are compressed in a press (manual or motorised) and cured during 28 days. They are not fired !!! 3
- 4. MACHINERY FOR CSEB The Auram press 3000 can produce about 80 blocks with 18 moulds. 4
- 5. Variety of blocks produced by the Auram Press 3000 Several series of blocks have been developed for various uses: Solid blocks for load bearing masonry Hollow interlocking blocks for disaster resistance Round blocks for columns Hourdi for floors & roofs Tiles and special blocks Hollow blocks for load bearing masonry 5
- 8. STRENGTH OF CSEB VERSUS COUNTRY FIRED BRICKS 8
- 9. Country Fired Brick (AV), 3.50 CSEB 240 , 7.50 Kiln (Wire Cut), 10.00 Clay flyash Brick, 5.00 Aerated Concrete Block, 2.80 Adobe block, 2.00 0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 Type of material Dry Compressive Strength in MPa Dry Compressive Strength for different materials (MPa) A STRONG MATERIAL Well made blocks are strong: Average dry crushing strength of 7.5 MPa (up to 9 MPA in Auroville) Wet crushing strength of 3 to 4 MPa (after 24 hours immersion) 9
- 10. LOW INITIAL EMBODIED ENERGY It is a good indicator of the overall environmental impact of building materials or systems. The initial embodied energy of CSEB is in general less than other building materials. 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 Country Fired Brick (AV) CSEB 240 Full size Embodied Energy (in MJ/m3) Embodied Energy Comparison CSEB are environmentally friendly as: - No firing is required, but only curing (4 weeks with cement stabilization) - Less transportation is required and production is manual CSEB consume 10.7 times less energy than country fired bricks (Pondicherry) CSEB consume 7.9 times less energy than country fired bricks (Indian average) CSEB consume 3.9 times less energy than kiln fired bricks (Indian average) 572 6,122 Value: Pondicherry area 10 (Pdy)
- 11. LOW CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS CSEB emit 12.5 times less carbon dioxide than fired country bricks (Pondy) !!! 50 tons of wood burnt for 100,000 country fired bricks in Pondicherry area !!! Opportunity for Carbon Credits Revenue Carbon dioxide emissions are in general less than other building materials. They are mostly coming from cement stabilisation. 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 Country Fired Brick (AV) CSEB 240 Full size CO2 Emission (in KgCO2/m3) CO2 Emission Comparison 51.5 643 Value: Pondicherry area 11 (Pdy)
- 12. COST EFFECTIVE CSEB are generally cheaper than fired bricks. - No plaster is needed in most of cases - Less mortar is required and it is cheaper - 5% of waste against 10% for country fired bricks A finished m2 of CSEB wall 240 is in Auroville 20 - 25% cheaper than country fired bricks 351 541 192 53 107 426 267 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 Cost of 1 m2 of country fired bricks (23 cm thick) Cost of 1 m2 of CSEB wall 240 (24 cm thick) Material Mortar Plaster Labour Cost comparison per m2 of CSEB and fired brick wall (Auroville, July 2011) CSEB wall 24 cm thick = 861 Rs./m2 - Country fired brick wall 23 cm thick = 1076 Rs./m2 Cost in Rs./m2 12
- 13. 43.66% 21.16% 3.36% 1.24% 24.52% 6.06% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Cost of a CSEB Labour Soil Sand Water Cement Equipment COST EFFECTIVE CSEB is a very labour intensive technology 13 people per press for manual pressing This gives job opportunities This gives livelihood to people This insures sustainability Labour represents more than 40% (Block production) Cement and equipment are about 30% Raw materials are less than 30% 13
- 14. PROMOTE ENDOGENOUS DEVELOPMENT NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Local authorities and people can manage their own natural resources Quarries resulting from sourcing soil on site can be rehabilitated into: Underground rainwater harvesting tanks, reservoirs Surface rainwater harvesting by percolation and Landscaping features. Wastewater treatment systems Basement floors They are beneficial to the development to the place if well planned. But they can be disastrous if unplanned. Indispensable to foresee first a rehabilitation plan for the quarry. 14
- 15. PROMOTE ENDOGENOUS DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Production of CSEB is a job creation opportunity This technology allows unskilled and/or unemployed people to learn a skill. Therefore to get a job and rise in the social values. CSEB production is a labour intensive technology. Labour cost is ~ 40 to 45 % of the block production (manual process). Labour cost is ~ 60% of the building cost (buildings using vaults and domes). Proper human resource management is the first key to sustainable development. 15
- 16. Auroville Visitor’s centre House at the Auroville Earth Institute COMFORTABLE AND AESTHETICALLY PLEASING Thermal comfort Exposed CSEB walls regulate indoor humidity, helping you achieve thermal comfort through the year. With proper planning and design, lesser energy is needed to achieve a comfortable indoor environment. Creative design Readily available in different sizes and types with consistent dimensions, you can build Arches, Vaults and Domes. You can use CSEB in flooring, composite beams and columns. Aesthetically pleasing Achieve natural, exposed, high quality finishes. E’Blocks create a convivial living space with the natural colors and freshness of earth. 16
- 17. You don’t need reinforced concrete frames, columns and slabs. You can build arches, vaults and domes You can create convivial living spaces with natural colours Realization apartments, Auroville Al Medy Mosque, Riyadh You can improve your design !!! And be more creative !!! 17 COMFORTABLE AND AESTHETICALLY PLEASING
- 18. Market share INDIAN CONSTRUCTION SECTOR The construction sector is nowadays growing and springing up. Fired bricks and concrete frame are still the most used materials. What about a more eco-friendly material? Why not to use CSEB / E'Blocks? Still… CSEB has to face a lot of resistances and mind sets… 18 How much energy would be saved if CSEB would replace fired bricks by 50% ??? And how much would be saved more if people used less reinforced concrete ??? (140 billion bricks in 2001) = ~ 700 billion MJ burned
- 19. 19 BUILDING EXAMPLES WITH CSEB Auroville Visitors Centre – 1992 Hassan Fathy International Award for Architecture for the Poor
- 20. 13 apartments on 4 floors at Vikas Community, Auroville Vikas Community was a finalist for the “2000 World Habitat Award” 20
- 21. Apartments at Vikas Community, Auroville 21
- 22. Segmental vault at Deepanam School, Auroville 10.35 m span, 2.25 m rise, 30 tons, built with the Free Spanning technique 22
- 23. House at the Auroville Earth Institute, built with the Free Spanning Technique 23
- 24. Chinnakalapet near Auroville – “Hermitage” for a priest 24
- 25. Realization Housing project with 17 apartments - Wastewater biological system - Rainwater harvesting - Earth tunnel for natural air conditioning - CSEB and stabilised earth from foundations to roof 4 times less initial embodied energy Low emission for construction and use than conventional buildings and systems 3 times less operating energy 25
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- 27. Realization housing, Auroville - 5 Apartments completed in 2010 27
- 28. Realization housing, Auroville - 8 Apartments completed in 2011 28
- 29. 1st prize of a national competition Tsunami house at Anumandhai – Disaster resistant 29
- 30. Primary School at Jantanagar, Nepal Disaster resistant, built in 20 days with the community (Precasting was done in 3 months) 30
- 31. Sri Karneshwar Nataraja Temple near Auroville 31
- 32. Sri Karneshwar Nataraja Temple 32
- 33. Saudi Arabia, Riyadh – Al Medy Mosque – 420 m2, 18.05 m high minaret Built in 7 weeks with ~ 75 unskilled masons and ~ 150 workers First prize “2010 Award For Urban Heritage” Al-Turath Foundation, Saudi Arabia 33
- 34. I don't see the Earth as a formless material without consciousness, But as Spirit consciously disguised as matter. Satprem Maïni 34
- 35. AUROVILLE EARTH INSTITUTE UNESCO Chair "Earthen Architecture" BASIN South Asia Auroshilpam, 605 101 Auroville, TN India Tel.: +91 (0) 413 - 262 3064 / 262 3330 Fax: +91 (0) 413 - 262 2886 Email: earthinstitute@auroville.org.in Website: www.earth-auroville.com THANK YOU ! Satprem Maïni Architect 35