Css
- 1. CSS Introduction What is CSS? CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets
- 2. Styles define how to display HTML elements
- 3. Styles were added to HTML 4.0 to solve a problem
- 4. External Style Sheets can save a lot of work
- 5. External Style Sheets are stored in CSS files
- 6. CSS Syntax: The selector is normally the HTML element you want to style. Each declaration consists of a property and a value. The property is the style attribute you want to change. Each property has a value. CSS Example p { color:red; text-align:center; }
- 7. CSS Id and Class: The id Selector: The id selector is used to specify a style for a single, unique element. The id selector uses the id attribute of the HTML element, and is defined with a "#". The style rule below will be applied to the element with id="para1": #para1 { text-align:center; color:red; } The class Selector: The class selector is used to specify a style for a group of elements. Unlike the id selector, the class selector is most often used on several elements. This allows you to set a particular style for any HTML elements with the same class. The class selector uses the HTML class attribute, and is defined with a "." In the example below, all HTML elements with class="center" will be center-aligned: .center {text-align:center;} You can also specify that only specific HTML elements should be affected by a class. p.center {text-align:center;}
- 8. CSS Background: Background Color: body {background-color:#b0c4de;} In the example below, the h1, p, and div elements have different background colors: The background color of a page is defined in the body selector: h1 {background-color:#6495ed;} p {background-color:#e0ffff;} div {background-color:#b0c4de;} Background Image: The background image for a page can be set like this: body {background-image:url('paper.gif');} body { background-image:url('gradient2.png'); background-repeat:repeat-x; } If the image is repeated only horizontally (repeat-x), the background will look better:
- 9. CSS Text: Text Color: The default color for a page is defined in the body selector. body {color:blue;} h1 {color:#00ff00;} h2 {color:rgb(255,0,0);} Text Alignment: h1 {text-align:center;} p.date {text-align:right;} p.main {text-align:justify;} h1 {text-decoration:overline;} h2 {text-decoration:line-through;} h3 {text-decoration:underline;} h4 {text-decoration:blink;} Text Decoration:
- 10. CSS Font: Font Family: p{font-family:"Times New Roman", Times, serif;} Font Style: p.normal {font-style:normal;} p.italic {font-style:italic;} p.oblique {font-style:oblique;} Font Size: h1 {font-size:40px;} h2 {font-size:30px;} p {font-size:14px;} Setting the text size with pixels, gives you full control over the text size This property has three values: normal - The text is shown normally italic - The text is shown in italics oblique - The text is "leaning" (oblique is very similar to italic, but less supported)
- 11. Styling Links: CSS Links: The four links states are: a:link - a normal, unvisited link a:visited - a link the user has visited a:hover - a link when the user mouses over it a:active - a link the moment it is clicked a:link {color:#FF0000;} /* unvisited link */ a:visited {color:#00FF00;} /* visited link */ a:hover {color:#FF00FF;} /* mouse over link */ a:active {color:#0000FF;} /* selected link */ Text Decoration: The text-decoration property is mostly used to remove underlines from links: a:link {background-color:#B2FF99;} a:visited {background-color:#FFFF85;} a:hover {background-color:#FF704D;} a:active {background-color:#FF704D;}
- 12. CSS Lists: List: In HTML, there are two types of lists: Unordered lists - the list items are marked with bullets Ordered lists - the list items are marked with numbers or letters Different List Item Markers: ul.a {list-style-type: circle;} ul.b {list-style-type: square;} ol.c {list-style-type: upper-roman;} ol.d {list-style-type: lower-alpha;} An Image as The List Item Marker: To specify an image as the list item marker, use the list-style-image property: ul { list-style-image: url('sqpurple.gif'); }
- 13. CSS Tables: Table Borders: table, th, td { border: 1px solid black; } The example below specifies a black border for table, th, and td elements: Table Width and Height: The example below sets the width of the table to 100%, and the height of the th elements to 50px: table { width:100%; } th { height:50px; } Table Text Alignment: td { text-align:right; }