css.ppt

Cascading Style Sheets
By Waheed Anwar

What is CSS?
• CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets
• Styles define how to display HTML elements
• Styles were added to HTML 4.0 to solve a
problem
• External Style Sheets can save a lot of work
• External Style Sheets are stored in CSS files

Design a Website
• where fonts and color information were
added to every single page
• To solve this problem, the World Wide Web
Consortium (W3C) created CSS.
• In HTML 4.0, all formatting could be removed
from the HTML document, and stored in a
separate CSS file.
• CSS defines HOW HTML elements are to be
displayed.

CSS Syntax
• A CSS rule has two main parts: a selector,
and one or more declarations:
• p {color:red;text-align:center;}

CSS Syntax
• The selector is normally the HTML element
you want to style.
• Each declaration consists of a property and a
value.
• The property is the style attribute you want to
change. Each property has a value.

Three Ways to Insert CSS
• There are three ways of inserting a style sheet:
• External style sheet
• Internal style sheet
• Inline style

External Style Sheet
• An external style sheet is ideal when the style is
applied to many pages. With an external style
sheet, you can change the look of an entire Web
site by changing one file. Each page must link to
the style sheet using the <link> tag. The <link> tag
goes inside the head section:
• <head>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
href="mystyle.css" />
</head>

Internal Style Sheet
• An internal style sheet should be used when a
single document has a unique style. You
define internal styles in the head section of an
HTML page, by using the <style> tag, like this:
• <head><style>
hr {color:sienna;}
p {margin-left:20px;}
body {background-image:url("images/back40.gif");}
</style></head>

Inline Styles
• To use inline styles you use the style attribute
in the relevant tag. The style attribute can
contain any CSS property. The example shows
how to change the color and the left margin of
a paragraph:
<p style="color:sienna;margin-left:20px">
This is a paragraph.
</p>

Cascading order
• What style will be used when there is more
than one style specified for an HTML element?
where number four has the highest priority:
1. Browser default
2. External style sheet
3. Internal style sheet (in the head section)
4. Inline style (inside an HTML element)

Multiple Styles Will Cascade into One
Styles can be specified:
• inside an HTML element
• inside the head section of an HTML page
• in an external CSS file

CSS Id and Class
• The id and class Selectors
• In addition to setting a style for a HTML
element, CSS allows you to specify your own
selectors called "id" and "class".

The id Selector
• The id selector is used to specify a style for a
single, unique element.
• The id selector uses the id attribute of the HTML
element, and is defined with a "#".
• The style rule below will be applied to the
element with id="para1":
• #para1
{
text-align:center; color:red;
}

The class Selector
• The class selector is used to specify a style for
a group of elements. Unlike the id selector, the
class selector is most often used on several
elements.
• This allows you to set a particular style for
many HTML elements with the same class.
• The class selector uses the HTML class
attribute, and is defined with a "."

The class Selector
• In the example below, all HTML elements with
class="center" will be center-aligned:
.center {text-align:center;}
• You can also specify that only specific HTML
elements should be affected by a class.
• In the example below, all p elements with
class="center" will be center-aligned:
• Example
• p.center {text-align:center;}

css.ppt

More Related Content

What's hot (20)

Similar to css.ppt (20)

Recently uploaded (20)

css.ppt