Cultivation practices of Banana
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- The document discusses the production of bananas, including its botanical information, nutritional value, varieties, climate requirements, soil type, propagation through suckers, spacing, irrigation, fertilizer application, cultural practices, cropping, harvesting, and typical yields. It provides details on planting bananas from suckers in pits, fertilizer application in splits, desuckering, bunch wrapping and spraying, and indications that the bananas are ready for harvest such as drying leaves and rounded fruit angles. Dwarf varieties typically yield 30-40 tonnes per hectare while tall varieties yield 15-20 tonnes.
Cultivation practices of Banana
- 1. PRESENTED BY: RAKESH KUMAR PATTNAIK Asst. Prof. Horticulture MITS INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Dt- 27-04-20 LECTURE 4. BANANA Production technology for fruit and plantation crops- HT-244 (2+1)
- 2. MITS INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Botanical name: Musa spp. Family: Musaceae Origin: Tropical regions of South East Asia (Assam, Burma, Indo-China region). Chromosome No. (2n, 3n,4n)-:11,22,33,44 Apple of Paradise Tree of wisdom Arabic term Muza Nutritional Value: o Good source of vitamin A and a fair source of Vitamin-C and B2. o Rich source of minerals like magnesium, sodium, potassium and phosphorous and fair source of calcium and iron.
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- 4. MITS INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Varieties: In banana there are three types. A. Table varieties -Poovan, dwarf Cavendish, Robusta, Grand nine, Rasthali, Grosmichel, Virupakshi, Nendran, Monthan. B. Culinary varieties: Monthan. There are also other varieties like Yenugu bontha and boodidha bontha belonging to this group. C. Hill Bananas: Virupakhi (Syn: Sirumalai, and Mala Vazhai.)
- 5. MITS INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES CLIMATE: Temperature range of 10-40OC and an average of 23OC. Low temperature i.e. Less than 10OC is unsuitable since, they lead to a condition called choke or impeded inflorescence Average 100 mm rainfall per month Altitude of 1500m MSL. well drained and deep (At least 1m depth). Saline soils with salinity percentage exceeding 0.05 are unsuitable. Banana can grow well even under slightly alkaline soils. avoiding the wilt disease, which is known to be severe in acid soils. SOIL:
- 6. MITS INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES PROPAGATION: Suckers: There are two types of suckers. 1) Water sucker 2) Sword sucker. Rhizomes: 1-2 feet. 450-900 grams (two months ) bits of 1 kilogram Selection of sucker: Select only 3-4 months old suckers. 4-5 cm diameter at the base and 2-3 kg weight. Preparation of the sucker: 20-30 cm height in a slanting manner. Dipped in 0.1% cereson @ 1 g.per litre of water for 5 minutes
- 7. MITS INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Land preparation: Pits of 45cm x 45cm x 45cm The soil from the pits should be mixed with the following thoroughly. 5-10 kg of FYM 0.5 kg of castor or neem cake 2 kg of wood ash or 50 grams of muriate of potash 200 grams of super phosphate. Pit 50 grams of lindane dust to control weevil. Rhizome at a depth of 10-15cm. Season of planting Wet lands: Feb – April: Poovan, Rasthali, Monthan, Karpooravalli and Ney poovan. April – May: Nendran and Robusta Garden lands: January – February and November – December. Padugai lands: January – February and August – September. Hill Banana: April – May (lower Palani hills); June – August (Sirumalai)
- 8. MITS INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Spacing: Variety Spacing (Meters) No. Of plants/ha. Poovan, Monthan, Rasthali & Nendran 2.1 X 2.1 2150 Dwarf Cavendish 1.8 X 1.8 3000 Robusta 1.8 X 1.8 3000 Nendran 2.0 X 2.0 2.4 X 3.0 2500 1350 Hill bananas 4.8 X 3.0 4.8 X 4.8 670 420 Irrigation: After 4 days; subsequent irrigations Once in 10 – 15 days for wet lands Drip irrigation @ 15 litres / plant / day from planting to 4th month, 20 litres / plant /day from 5th month to shooting and 25 litres / plant / day from shooting till 15 days prior to harvest.
- 9. MITS INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Apply N as Neem coated urea. Apply N and K in 3 splits on 3rd, 5th and 7th month, Phosphorous at 3rd month of planting. Apply 20 g in each of Azospirillum and Phosphobacteria at planting and five months after planting (This should be applied prior to chemical fertilizer application).
- 10. MITS INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Cultural operations in Banana: Desuckering: Trashing: Mattocking: Wrapping of bunches: Removal of male buds (Denavelling)- Bunch Spray Bunch Covering Propping Tipping (Denavelling)-: Removal of floral remnants: Earthing up: Weeding: Nutrient sprays:
- 11. MITS INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Cropping: Flowering in about 9 months after planting Dwarf bananas are ready for harvest with in 11-14 months after planting, While tall cultivars take about 14-16 months to harvest. The fruits become ready in 3-4 months after flowering. In india the main banana season is from September to April. The indications of maturity for harvesting are: The fruits are harvested when top leaves start drying. Change in colour of the fruit from deep green to light green. Tendency of floral ends of the fruits to shed with slightest touch of the hand. Fruits should be plump and their angles should have rounded off i.e.; after the attainment of ¾ th full stage before the bunch is harvested. The entire bunch is harvested with one-foot long stalk.
- 12. MITS INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Yield: 15-40 tonnes per hectare •Tall cultivars usually yield 15-20 tonnes /ha. •Dwarf varieties are 30-40 tonnes per hectare.
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