Custom Post Types and Meta Fields

About Me
Md. Liton Arefin
Senior Developer
JoomShaper

What is Post Type?
WordPress can hold and display many different types of content. A
single item of such a content is generally called a post, post is also
a specific post type.

Custom Post Types
• Post
• Page
• Attachment
• Revision
• Navigation

Where Post Type Locates?
• Post type stored in “wp_posts” database table

When Custom Post Type Needs?
• If you need to Develop websites like:
• www.youtube.com
• www.bbc.co.uk
Etc
• Most Used Custom Post Type and Meta
Fields
• Geo Theme (http://www.geotheme.com)

When Custom Post Type Needs?
When Websites Contains:
• Homepage Slider
• Callout Boxes
• Portfolio
• Gallery (Image, Video etc)
• Team/People/Staff
• Job Posting
• Products
• Pricing Table
• etc

What we need to create a Portfolio?

What we need to create a Portfolio?
• Title
• Custom Field (Website Address)
• Content
• Thumbnail Image
• Taxonomy Category/Tags

Register Custom Post Type
 register_post_type is called when you need to create or modify
a post_type. register_post_type should only be invoked
through the ‘init’ action.
Reference
http://codex.wordpress.org/Function_Reference/register_post_type
Reserved Post Types
• post
• page
• attactment
• revision
• nav_menu_item
<?php register_post_type( $post_type, $args ) ?>

Practical Example
function sp_portfolio() {
$labels = array( 'name' => _x( 'Portfolio', 'post type general name' ),
'singular_name' => _x( 'Portfolio', 'post type singular name' ),
'add_new' => _x( 'Add New', 'book' ),
'add_new_item' => __( 'Add New Portfolio' ),
'edit_item' => __( 'Edit Portfolio' ),
'new_item' => __( 'New Portfolio Items' ),
'all_items' => __( 'All Portfolio' ),
'view_item' => __( 'View Portfolio' ),
'search_items' => __( 'Search Portfolio' ),
'not_found' => __( 'No Portfolio Items found' ),
'not_found_in_trash' => __( 'No Portfolio Items found in the Trash' ),
'parent_item_colon' => '',
'menu_name' => 'SP Portfolio' );
);

$args = array( 'labels' => $labels,
'description' => 'Holds Portfolio specific data',
'public' => true,
'show_ui' => true,
'show_in_menu' => true,
'query_var' => true,
'rewrite' => array( 'slug' => 'portfolio/%year%',
'with_front' => true),
'capability_type'=> 'post',
'has_archive' => true,
'hierarchical' => false,
'menu_position' => 5,
'supports' => array( 'title', 'editor', 'thumbnail'),
'menu_icon' => plugins_url( 'images/icon1.png', __FILE__ ) // Icon Path
);
register_post_type( 'portfolio', $args );

Output Of register_post_type()

Register Taxonomy
Reference:
http://codex.wordpress.org/Function_Reference/register_taxonomy
<?php register_taxonomy( $taxonomy, $object_type, $args ); ?>
// Custom Portfolio Categories
$labels = array('name' => _x( 'Categories', 'taxonomy general name' ),
'singular_name' => _x( 'SP Category', 'taxonomy singular name' ),
'search_items' => __( 'Search Types' ),
'all_items' => __( 'All Categories' ),
'parent_item' => __( 'Parent Category' ),
'parent_item_colon' => __( 'Parent Category:' ),
'edit_item' => __( 'Edit Category' ),
'update_item' => __( 'Update Category' ),
'add_new_item' => __( 'Add New Category' ),
'new_item_name' => __( 'New Category Name' ),
); // Custom taxonomy for Project Tags
register_taxonomy('sptag', array('portfolio'),
array(
'hierarchical' => true,
'labels' => $labels,
'show_ui' => true,
'query_var' => true,
'rewrite' =>true,
));
}
add_action( 'init', 'sp_portfolio' );

Meta Box field for Custom Post Type
Reference:
http://codex.wordpress.org/Function_Reference/add_meta_box
<?php   add_meta_box( $id, $title, $callback, $post_type, $context, $priority, $callback_args ); ?>
add_action('admin_init','sp_portfolio_meta');
function sp_portfolio_meta() {
// add a meta box for WordPress 'project' type
add_meta_box('sp_portfolio', 'Portfolio URL', 'sp_portfolio_meta_setup', 'portfolio', 'side', 'low');
// add a callback function to save any data a user enters in
add_action('save_post','sp_portfolio_meta_save');
}
function sp_portfolio_meta_setup() {
global $post;
?>
<div class="portfolio_meta_control">
<p>
<input type="text" name="_url" value="<?php echo get_post_meta($post->ID,'_url',TRUE); ?>" style="width: 100%;" />
</p>
</div>
<?php
// create for validation
echo '<input type="hidden" name="sp_meta_nonce" value="' . wp_create_nonce(__FILE__) . '" />';
}

elseif ('description' == $column_name) {
echo the_content();
} elseif ('_url' == $column_name) {
echo get_post_meta($post_id, '_url', true);
} elseif ('sptag' == $column_name) {
$terms = wp_get_post_terms(get_the_ID(), 'sptag' );
$t = array();
foreach($terms as $term) $t[] = $term->slug;
echo implode(', ', $t);
$t = array();
}
}
// For Portfolio Items
add_filter( 'manage_portfolio_posts_columns', 'sp_add_columns' );
add_action( 'manage_portfolio_posts_custom_column', 'sp_add_column_values', 10, 2 );
Reference:
http://codex.wordpress.org/Plugin_API/Filter_Reference/manage_$post_type_posts_columns
http://codex.wordpress.org/Plugin_API/Action_Reference/manage_posts_custom_column
http://codex.wordpress.org/Plugin_API/Filter_Reference/manage_edit-post_type_columns
http://justintadlock.com/archives/2011/06/27/custom-columns-for-custom-post-types

How to show Contents?
There are few options to retrieve custom posts
query_posts()
WP_Query()
get_posts()
Refefences:
http://codex.wordpress.org/Function_Reference/query_posts
http://codex.wordpress.org/Class_Reference/WP_Query
http://codex.wordpress.org/Template_Tags/get_posts

Query_posts()
<?php
/*
* Template Name: SP Portfolio
*/
get_header();
query_posts(array('post_type' => 'portfolio', 'posts_per_page' => -1));
?>
<div class=“container”>
<?php if(have_posts()){ while(have_posts()){ the_post(); ?>
<article class=“post-<?php the_ID(); ?>" <?php post_class(); ?>>
<h2><?php the_title();?></h2>
<p><?php the_content();?></p>
<a href=“<?php echo get_post_meta($post->ID, '_url', true); ?>”></a>
</article>
<?php } }
// Reset Query
wp_reset_query();
?>
</div>
<?php get_footer();?>

WP_Query()
<?php
/*
*/
get_header();
$args = array('post_type' => 'portfolio', 'posts_per_page' => -1);
$query = new WP_Query( $args );
?>
<?php if($query->have_posts()){ while($query->have_posts()){$query->the_post(); ?>
<h2><?php echo get_the_title();?></h2>
<p><?php echo get_the_content();?></p>
</article>
<?php } }
// Restore original Post Data
wp_reset_postdata();
?>
</div>

get_posts()
<?php
/*
*/
get_header();
$args = array( 'posts_per_page' => 5, 'offset'=> 1, 'category' => 1 );
$query = get_posts( $args );
foreach ( $query as $post ) { setup_postdata( $post );
?>
<h2> <a href="<?php the_permalink(); ?>"><?php the_title(); ?></a> </h2>
<p><?php the_content();?></p>
</article>
<?php
}
// Restore original Post Data
wp_reset_postdata();
?>
</div>

Which one is best?
query_posts() : alter of main query. Post-related
global variables and template tags will be altered.
 WP_Query() : defined in wp-includes/query.php.
wp-blog-header.php gives $wp_query object
information. $is_* holds the informations.
get_posts() : returns array of posts. Direct access
to database using WP_Query()
get_posts() is best to use.

Page Template
function sp_template_redirect($template_path ) {
if ('portfolio' == $_POST['post_type']) {
$template_path = plugin_dir_path( __FILE__ ) . '/theme/page-portfolio.php';
}
return $template_path;
}
add_action(‘template_redirect’,’ sp_template_redirect’);

You should use
For secondary query like sidebar widget posts
use WP_Query or get_posts()

References
• http://generatewp.com/
• http://www.joomshaper.com/blog/wordpress/create-a-custom-post-type-in-wordpress
• http://www.joomshaper.com/blog/wordpress/add-meta-boxes-in-custom-post-type
• http://wp.smashingmagazine.com/2012/11/08/complete-guide-custom-post-types/
• http://wp.tutsplus.com/tutorials/plugins/a-guide-to-wordpress-custom-post-types-creation-
display-and-meta-boxes/
• http://wp.tutsplus.com/tutorials/creative-coding/custom-page-template-page-based-on-url-
rewrite/
• http://wp.tutsplus.com/tutorials/creative-coding/the-rewrite-api-the-basics/
• http://wp.tutsplus.com/tutorials/creative-coding/the-rewrite-api-post-types-taxonomies/

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