CV 2015_Oct., Naseem Ahmed, PhD.
- 1. Dr. NaseemAhmed M.Sc. (PK), M.Phil. (PK), Ph.D. (U.K) Part Time Faculty Professor of Health Sciences at Fisher College North Attleboro and New Bedford Campuses in Massachusetts, USA. FormerlyHarvard UniversityFellow, Research Scientist at Albert EinsteinCollege of Medicine of Yeshiva University and Monte fiore Medical Center, Boston University Medical Center and PhD student with Teaching Assistantship at the University of Wales-Wrexham in the United Kingdom 80 Pine Needle Lane, Mansfield, MA 02048, USA. E-Mail: naseem_ahmed80@yahoo.com Skype:naseem.ahmed337 Tel.: +(001) 774-219-6309 CURRICULUM VITAE PERSONAL STATEMENT I, Dr. Naseem Ahmed, completed my doctorate degree in Biotechnology from the University of Wales in the United Kingdom. During my PhD. Program, I discovered thirteen new diagnostic and therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. I worked several years as a Harvard University Fellow, as a researcher at Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center and Boston University Medical Center’s affiliated program on preclinical trial research for T cell therapy. I also worked several years as consultant clinical biochemist and pathology laboratory director in various hospital settings. My experience has extended to my involvement in the teaching and training of juniors in several organizations. I have also garnered the opportunity to perform preclinical trial work, population survey for health problems, clinical laboratory test management to prove the health risk, pharmaceutical manufacturing and quality control during pharmaceutical manufacturing process. Throughout my career, I have authored nineteen health and biological sciences research publications in Nephrology, Human Molecular Genetics, Cell and Molecular Biology, Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, and Therapeutics of Cancer. My long term commitment with science has prepared me for teaching and consultancy in pharmaceutical and biotech companies. My teaching interest and expertise are in the fields of Biology, Chemistry, Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Microbiology, Pharmacology, Human Biology, Pathology (Clinical Laboratory Sciences), Pathophysiology, Human Nutrition, Human Diseases, Health Concepts & Applications, Forensic Chemistry, Wildlife Biology, Environmental Science, Human Physiology and Human Anatomy. I am approachable, open-minded, and enthusiastic about transferring my knowledge and experiences to the younger generation. I assign independent mini-research projects to my students for the development of critical thinking and leadership skills. I am available for teaching, training, consultation, review technical material, writing comments medical research communication between scientists and clinicians. QUALIFICATIONS AND EXPERTISE (KEYWORDS ONLY) B.Sc. M.Sc. M.Phil. PhD. Biochemistry Biotechnology Pharmacology Chemistry, Microbiology Research Muscular Dystrophy Cancer biology Teaching &Training (Scientists, Physicians, Surgeons, Interns, Technologists, Nurses, Technicians) Clinical & basic science laboratory management Troubleshooting, research, development and experimentation issues Grant management Animal protocol review Collaboration with other scientists Lab material transportation to and from other labs (within & out of country) R&D of new diagnostic and therapeutic markers ELISA WB IMF IHC TMA Fmoc peptide Engineering Immunogenic sequence selection HPLC Bacterial, Yeast & CHO cell culture Protein purification (Ni, Protein A, FPLC column) Protein crystallization Purified drug crystal growth condition optimization PAb/mAb Engineering Ab purification mAb/T cell therapy Attached & detached tumor cell culture Cell based assays PBMC isolation Multicolor cell staining & Flow cytometry DNA isolation (Maxi, Midi & Miniprep) DNA sequencing Phage-displayed peptide library Transduction Transfection PCR Gradient PCR qPCR Literature search Scientific dtata collection, analysis & presentation Pathology lab establishment from scratch Insturument selection, purchase, maintenance and calibration on regular basis. TEACHING AND TRAINING EXPERIENCE March 2011– Present Part Time Faculty Professor, Health Sciences, Fisher College, 451 Elm Street, North Attleboro, MA 02760, 118 Beacon Street, Boston, MA 02116, 777 Church Street, New Bedford, MA 02745.
- 2. Courses teach include Human Diseases (SC141), Human Biology (SC129), Pharmacology (SC221), Human Anatomy and Physiology I (SC101), Human Anatomy and Physiology II (SC102), Human Nutrition (SC110), Medical Terminology (ME201) and Health Concepts and Applications (SC123). Spring 2015 assignment completed: Human Nutrition (SC110) at New Bedford campus. Fall 2015: Medical Terminology (ME201) and Human Anatomy & Physiology. January 2015– Summer 2015. Part Time Faculty Professor, Natural and Health Sciences, Division of Natural and Health Sciences, Quincy College, 1250 Hancock Street, Quincy, MA 02169. Spring 2015: Taught Human Anatomy and Physiology For Healthcare Professionals and Environmental Studies. Summer I, 2015: Taught Anatomy and Physiology II (4 Credit hours, Lecture & Lab). Summer II, 2015: Taught Anatomy and Physiology I (4 Credit hours, Lecture & Lab). November 2014– June 2015 Part Time Faculty Professor, Health Sciences, Comprehensive Educational Services, 101 Main Street, Suite 2, Pawtucket, RI 02860. Teaching lecture and hands on laboratory components of Phlebotomy course in the clinical laboratory setting. September 2014– December, 2014. Part Time Faculty Professor, Natural and Health Sciences, Department of Math and Science, North Shore Community College, 1 Ferncroft Road, Danvers, MA 01923 & 300 Broad Street, Lynn, MA 01901. Taught lecture and laboratory components of Biology (BIO101), Human Anatomy and Physiology (BIO103). December 2013– June 2014 Full Time Science Faculty Member, Department of Mathematics and Science, Al-Noor Academy, 20 Church Street, Mansfield, MA 02048 Nonprofit Institution affiliated by the NEASC, Dual Enrolment Program Bridgewater State University, Quincy College, Bristol College and Harvard University Extension program. Courses taught included Biology, Chemistry, Physical Science and Earth Science. June 2013-August 2013 Part Time Summer Instructor, Wildlife Biology and Forensic Chemistry (Biology, Chemistry and Biochemistry) University of Massachusetts Boston, TRiO Upward Bound, Boston, MA 02125 Courses taught included Forensic Chemistry and Wildlife Biology. September 2012-June 2013 Part-Time Faculty, Chemistry and Biochemistry School One, 220 University Avenue Providence, RI 02906. Ph: 401-331-2497 Fax: 401-421-8869 January 2012– May 2012 (Spring Semester): Taught as a visiting Professor of Biology at The Community College of Rhode Island: Courses taught included Human Anatomy, Human Physiology and Introduction to Pharmacology. August 2010– September 2011: T Cell Cancer Therapy Research, Senior Associate Scientist, Teaching and Training Manager, Division of Surgical Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Roger Williams Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island.
- 3. May 2007– September 2009: Adjunct Faculty Professor of Pharmacology at the New York Medical Career Training Center 36-09 Main Street, 5th Floor, Flushing, NY 11354. May 2006 – June 2009: Teaching and training responsibilities as researcher at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, New York. January 2008-May 2008: Adjunct Faculty Professor of Medical Management in the Department of Business at Globe Institute of Technology, 500 7th Avenue New York, NY 10018. June 1995-May 1999: Teaching Assistant in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Wales, Mold Road, Wrexham, LL11 2AW, United Kingdom. Chemistry and Biology tutor for Personal Tutors (Dept. T), Cheadle House, Marry Street, Cheadle, Cheshire, SK8 1YA, United Kingdom. 1982-1983: Lecturer in Chemistry at Sadiq Memorial College and Children’s Paradise School, C1, Block ‘N’ Street No. 2 North Nazimabad, Karachi North Nazimabad, Karachi, Pakistan. Also involved in part time chemistry teaching in Children’s Paradise School. Children’s Paradise School was under management of Sadiq Memorial College. RESEARCH EXPERIENCE: August 2010– September 2011: Senior Associate Research Scientist in Boston University School of Medicine at Roger Williams Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island. July 2009– June 2010: Research Fellow, Department of Neurology at Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University. August 2007– June 2009: Postdoctoral research Scientist, Department of Oncology at Montefiore Medical Center, the university hospital in conjunction with the Albert Einstein College of Medicine. October 2006– June 2007: Research Associate in the Department of Medicine and Hematology at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York. May 2006– October 2006: Volunteer/ Postdoctoral Research Fellow in the Department of Oncology at Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York. May 2000- June 2005: Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Pediatrics, Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, Harvard Medical School & Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA. June 1988-March 1995: Director, Pathology Laboratory in the Department of Pathology, Makkah, Ummul Qura Street, Near Al-Mansour Bridge, Saudi Arabia. June 1984-March 1988: Clinical Biochemist and Nephro-Urology Laboratory Manager, Department of Nephro- Urology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, Karachi-75510, Pakistan. 1983-1984: Assistant Manager (Quality Control), S. J & G Fazul Ellahi Ltd., E/46, S.I.T.E., Karachi-1603, Pakistan. A pharmaceutical firm, manufacturer of Continental Pharma, Belgium. ONLINE COURSE MANAGEMENT EXPERIENCE: Teach hybrid or blended courses and online virtual Human Biology laboratory course to Pre-Nursing and Business undergraduate students. Expertise extends to Blackboard, Jupiter grade, Angel and Portal websites management. SPECIAL EDUCATION (INTERACTIVE SCIENCE TEACHING) EXPERIENCE: Taught and trained students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), war veterans, children with minor disabilities, and children struggling with Asperger's syndrome during my teaching and tutoring for CLUB Z Tutoring Service (NY), School 1 (RI) and AL-Noor Academy (MA). Familiar with plan simple experiments with interactive and inexpensive science teaching tools to teach high school and college level students.
- 4. EDUCATION: Ph.D. in Biological Sciences/Biotechnology from the University of Wales-Wrexham, United Kingdom (1995- 1999). The Ph.D. dissertation was entitled “Synthetic peptides antibodies against dystrophin”. M.Phil. in Clinical Biochemistry, worked on a collaborative research project of the Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center and the Department of Biochemistry in University of Karachi (1984-1988). The title of the thesis was “Serum lipids, their subfractions and hemoglobin A1 in patients with chronic renal failure”. M.Sc. in Biochemistry from the University of Karachi (1978-1980). The title of the thesis was “Free amino acids in various tissues of Varanus Bengalensis”. Biochemistry Courses studied: Endocrinology Advance Intermediary Metabolism Enzymology Biostatistics Biophysics Comparative Biochemistry Molecular Genetics Contemporary Biochemistry Techniques in Biochemistry Molecular Biophysics Biochemistry of Natural Products B.Sc. in Microbiology, Biochemistry, Organic Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry and Physical Chemistry (1978- 1980) from the University of Karachi, Pakistan TEACHING CERTIFICATIONS/LICENSES: Teaching licenses in Medical Instructor and Pharmacology Instructor, Department of Education, State University of New York. CPR TRAINING CERTIFICATION: Completed CPR Training Details of the Teaching Experience January 2015– August 2015: Presently I am teaching two courses at the Quincy College. Applied Anatomy and Physiology For Health Care Professionals (HSC 149): The topics include Body orientation, anatomical planes, and contents of body cavities, homeostasis and feedback systems, cell structure and function, transport substances across the plasma membrane, types of tissue that comprise the human body including structure, location, and functions, structure and functions of the skin and its associated structures, wound healing process, the bones of the axial and appendicular skeletons, the structure, functions, and development of bone tissue, Classifation of joints based on structure and movement, Identify the major muscles of the body by group, structure and function of the nervous system, sympathetic and parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system, receptors and processes involved in the sense of smell, taste, vision, hearing, and equilibrium, endocrine system, circulatory system, lymphatic system, respiratory system, digestive system, urinary system, reproductive system, blood pressure and blood pressure control, lymphatic system and non-specific and specific immunity, lymphocytes (T, B) are formation, activation, and function in immunity, the process of anabolism and catabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins; the functions of a minimum of six vitamins and six minerals; the physiology involved in controlling fluid and electrolyte balance; Difference between male and female reproductive systems and their functions; the process of fertilization to embryonic development, labor and delivery; The relationships among body systems. Environmental Science (ENV 101): The course cover An Introduction to Environmental Science; Matter, Energy, and Ecosystems; Evolution, Biodiversity, and Population Ecology; Species Interactions and Community Ecology; Economics, Policy, and
- 5. Sustainable Development; Human Population; Soil, Agriculture, and the Future of Food; Biodiversity and Conservation Biology; Forest Management, and Protected Areas; Environmental Health and Toxicology; Minerals, and Mining; Fresh Water, Oceans, and Coasts; Atmospheric Science, Air Quality, and Pollution Control; Climate Change; Nonrenewable Energy Sources, Their Impacts, and Energy Conservation ; Renewable Energy Alternatives; Managing Our Waste and Sustainable Cities. September 2014– December 2014: I taught two courses at the North Shore Community College. Anatomy and Physiology (BIO103): The four credit hours Human Anatomy and Physiology course is designed for those students pursuing majors in the health professions. Topics include Cellular Structure and Function, A Review of Basic Chemistry, Tissues of the Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular, and Nervous Systems including the organs of special sense. Laboratory work is designed to supplement the lecture material. The course fulfills open, liberal arts, and with the lab science sequence electives. An introduction to the basic principles of Biology (BIO101): The four credit hours “An introduction to the basic principles of Biology” course cover the Chemistry of the Cell, Cell Structure and Function, Cell Division, Genetics and Evolution. The laboratory is designed to enhance lecture and to develop investigative skills. The course fulfills open, liberal arts, and lab science sequence electives. January 2011– Present: I teach multiple courses at at Fisher College. I am teaching “Human Nutrition”. titles of the course are as follows: Food Choices, Nutrition Guidelines, Complementary Nutrition, The Human Body, Spotlight on Alcohol, Lipids, Proteins and Amino Acids, Spotlight on Metabolism, Energy Balance and Weight Management, Vitamins, Water and Minerals, Nutrition for Peak Performance, Spotlight on Eating Disorders, Life Cycle, Food Safety and Technology (Microbial Threats and Genetic Engineering) and World View of Nutrition (The Faces of Global Malnutrition). I taught “Human Biology”. The titles of the course are as follows: Lecture Topics: Human organization, Maintenance of Human Body, Movement and Support in Humans, Integration and Coordination in Humans, Reproduction in Humans, Human Genetics, Human Evolution and Ecology. Virtual Laboratory Course Topics for Arts and Business Couse Student: Scientific Methods, Light Microscopy, Chemical Composition of Cells, Cell Structure and Function, Body Tissues, Organization of the Body, Cardiovascular System, Chemical Aspects of Digestive System, Energy Requirement and Ideal Body Weight, Homeostasis, Musculoskeletal System, Nervous system and Senses, Reproduction and Development, Mitosis and Meiosis, Pattern of Genetic Inheritance, DNA and Biotechnology, Evolution. Lab Topics for Health Science Student: Conducted lab experiments have included the study of Human ske letal System, preparation and identification of Histology slides, Cat and Pig Dissection (identification of Muscular, Digestive, Circulatory, Urinary, Respiratory and Reproductive systems). I have seven years of experience teaching “Introduction to Pharmacology” designed for students interested to pursue for health care profession. Medical terminology, Physiology and Anatomy are the prerequisites for this course. The titles of the course are as under: Consumer Safety and Drug Regulations; Drug Laws, Controlled Substances, Health Care Practitioners and the Law; Drug Names and References included Trade, Chemical Official names, Legal Terms Referring to Drugs, Drug Actions; Sources and Bodily Effects of Drugs included Unexpected Responses to Drugs; Preparation and handling of medications and supply; Safe Dosage Preparation included drug dose calculations; Responsibilities and Principles of
- 6. Drug Administration; Drug Administration by the Gastrointestinal and Parenteral Routes; Poison Control; Classifications; Skin Medications; Autonomic Nervous System Drugs; Antineoplastic Agents; Urinary System Drugs; Gastrointestinal Drugs; Anti-Infective Drugs; Eye Medications; Psychotropic Medications, Alcohol, and Drug Abuse; Musculoskeletal and Anti-Inflammatory Drugs; Anticonvulsants, Antiparkinsonian Drugs, and Agents for Alzheimer’s Disease; Endocrine System Drugs; Reproductive System Drugs; Cardiovascular Drugs; Respiratory System Drugs and Antihistamines; Medications for elderly people. I taught “Human Diseases” course designed for students interested to pursue for healthcare profession. Medical terminology (Language of medicine), Human Physiology and Human Anatomy are the prerequisites for this course. The titles of the course are as follows: Introduction to Human Diseases, Mechanisms of Disease, Inflammation and Infection, Immune System Diseases And Disorders, Musculoskeletal System Diseases And Disorders, Cardiovascular System Diseases And Disorders, Respiratory System Diseases And Disorders, Digestive System Diseases And Disorders, Urinary System Diseases And Disorders, Endocrine System Disease and Disorders, Genetic And Developmental Diseases And Disorders. January 2012– May 2012: Full time Visiting Professor of Biology (one semester leave replacement position), Community College of Rhode Island, Rhode Island. I taught Human Physiology, Introduction to Pharmacology and Human Anatomy laboratory courses. The titles of the teaching courses during the time were as follows: Human Physiology Lecture Topics: Introduction and Homeostasis, Basic chemistry, Cell Physiology, Cell Metabolism, Plasma Membrane and Membrane Transport, Principles of Neural communication, Nervous System, Autonomic Nervous System, Muscle Physiology, Cardiac Physiology, Blood Physiology, Vascular Physiology, Respiratory Physiology and Renal Physiology. Introduction to Pharmacology Lecture Topics: Introduction to Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics, Geriatric Pharmacology, Math Review and Dosage Calculations, Nervous System Organization, Drugs Affecting the Sympathetic Nervous System, Drugs Affecting the Parasympathetic Nervous System, Skeletal Muscle Relaxants, Local Anesthetics, Antipsychotic and Antianxiety Drugs, Antidepressants, Psychomotor Stimulants, and Lithium, Opioid Analgesics, Non-opioid Analgesics, Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatories, and Anti-gout Drugs, Review of Cardiac Physiology and Pathology, Treatment of Heart Failure, Diuretics Human Anatomy Laboratory Course Topics: Lab Safety and Anatomical Terminology, Tissues, Axial Skeleton, Appendicular Skeleton, Muscles of Dorsal and Upper Limb (human clay model and cat dissection), Muscles of Ventral and Lower Limb (human clay model and cat dissection), Brain (sheep) and Nervous System, Respiratory (sheep lungs and trachea) and Digestive Structures (cat and human model), Heart (cat, sheep and cow), Circulatory System (in dissected cat and human model), Urogenital structures (in dissected cat and human model). July 2010– September 2011: I worked as a Senior Associate Research Scientist at Roger Williams Hospital and Boston University Medical Center at Rode Island. The focus of my research is creation of Designer T cells for the treatment of Refractory Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor. Our efforts of creation of anti-KIT designer T cells would provide a novel therapeutic agent in a phase I clinical trial for patients with refractory recurrent or metastatic Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor. Additionally I was responsible for the instruction and coordination of medical residents, surgery residents, undergraduate students, summer high school students, and laboratory technicians. May 2007– September 2009: I worked as a part time Adjunct Faculty Professor of Pharmacology in New York Medical Career Training Center, Flushing, New York. I taught an eight week course (one hundred and thirty hours classroom teaching and training) in Pharmacology. The titles of the teaching course were as follows: History of Pharmacy, Medical abbreviations, Basic Anatomy and Physiology, Endocrine system and hormones, Alkaloids, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacodynamics, Medical Complementary Alternative Medicine, Nutrition (including lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals), Retail and Hospital Pharmacy, Pharmacy Calculations, Drug Doses, Sources of Medicines, Vaccines and basic concepts on vaccine development, Antineoplastic agents, Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering. May 2006 – June 2009: I worked as a researcher for both Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center. I taught and trained undergraduate students, medical graduates interested in basic medical science research, and junior postdoctoral researchers in basic science techniques involved in research.
- 7. January 2008-May 2008: I worked as an Adjunct Faculty Professor of Medical Management in the Department of Business at Globe Institute of Technology. The three management courses that I taught in the business school included Pharmacy Operation Management, Medical Laboratory Management, and Medical Office Management. Each course ran for fifteen weeks. Average student attendance was up to 26 students per class. Selected titles of the teaching courses were as follows: History of Pharmacy, Medical abbreviations and terminology, Basic Anatomy and Physiology, Endocrine system and hormones, Natural Products, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacodynamics, Medical Complementary Alternative Medicine, Aseptic Techniques /Sterile Products Preparation, Drug Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion, Nutrition, Antineoplastic Agents, Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Introduction to Laboratory Medicine included Handling of Biological specimens, Clinical Chemistry/ Microbiology and Immunology/ Hematology / Serology/ Blood Bank/ Urinalysis/ Cytology/ Histopathology. June 1995-May 1999: I was engaged in part time teaching in the Department of Chemistry in North East Wales Institute of Higher Education during my Ph.D. studies. The responsibilities included the performance and demonstration of B.Sc. Part III (Honors) organic chemistry experiments to part time undergraduate students four years bachelor degree program). I was also engaged in Chemistry and Biology Tutoring for Personal Tutors office, UK. 1982-1983: I was engaged in teaching as a Full Time Faculty Member in the Department of chemistry at Sadiq Memorial College and Children’s Paradise School, North Nazimabad, Karachi, Pakistan. During the period I taught both theory as well as practical classes I was involved in part time chemistry teaching in the Children’s Paradise School, North Nazimabad, Karachi, Pakistan. Children’s Paradise School was under the management of Sadiq Memorial College. 850 children were enrolled at that time in the school. I was also appointed as an internal examiner by the Board of Secondary Education, Karachi, Pakistan, for high school chemistry practical examination in Children’s Paradise School. Details of the ResearchProjects July 2010– September 2011: I worked as a Senior Associate Research Scientist at Roger Williams Hospital and Boston University Medical Center at Rhode Island. The focus of my research was creation of designer T cells for the treatment of Refractory Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor. Our efforts of creation of anti-KIT designer T cells would provide a novel therapeutic agent in a phase I clinical trial for patients with refractory recurrent or metastatic Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor. I also worked on CEA positive colorectal tumor cells liver metastasis project. My third project in the lab was to explore the effect of bile duct ligation on liver microenvironment which increases risk of infection by the T regulatory cell depletion. Additionally, I was also responsible for teaching and training medical/surgery residents and summer/undergraduate students and laboratory technicians. July 2009– June 2010: I worked as a Research Fellow in the Department of Neurology Research Laboratory at Albert Einstein College of Medicine. The primary focus of my research was to explore the developmental basis of inherited neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease and trinucleotide disorders. The approaches used were included the examination of the developmental milestones of several disease models and their further association with disease onset later in life. I was also involved in the development of conditional knockout mouse model of Nanog employing the Red/ET Recombination technology. Our lab recently found that the expression of this pluripotency gene is present during forebrain ventral neurogenesis and is substantially deregulated in Huntington’s disease. The profile of neural stem cell abnormalities observed in Huntington’s disease mutant embryos suggest that deregulation in this gene may be implicated in the pathogenesis of developmental alterations. August 2007– June 2009: I worked as a Postdoctoral Research Scientist in an Oncology research laboratory at Montefiore Medical Center, the university hospital for the Albert Einstein College of Medicine. The primary focus of my research was to determine the mechanisms of action of chemotherapeutic agents used for the treatment of colon cancer, with the ultimate goal of identifying biomarkers that can predict likelihood of response of individual patients to specific chemotherapeutic agents. Specifically, I have investigated the mechanisms by which HDAC inhibitors induce apoptosis in colon cancer cells and identifying genomic biomarkers that predict the response to these agents. I have learned and developed expertise in Tissue Microarrays, a high-throughput technique. Several Tissue Microarrays were developed independently to analyze forty seven human colon cancer patients’ biopsy sections, Xenografts of thirty three colorectal cancer cell lines and tissues from different mouse organs. October 2006– June 2007: I worked as a Research Associate in the Department of Medicine and Hematology at Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York. The research project was involved the study of acute chest
- 8. syndrome in sickle cell disease. I developed protocol to produce ACS in sickle transgenic BERK mice expressing human HbF, α human, β S. The pulmonary pathology was characterized in three conditions. Normoxia, hypoxia/reperfusion (one hour 8% oxygen treatment) and hypoxia/reperfusion bone marrow fat injected (via tail) by cellularity, congestion, wall thickness. The mice groups were compared with baseline C57 mice groups treated with the same condition. The differential pulmonary P-Selectin localization and platelet aggregation was shown by immunohistochemical examination of FFPE sections. I have speculated that platelet aggregation, release of P-Selectin and leukocyte recruitment may initiate an inflammatory response in this model and represent one aspect of the observed pathology. At this time I acquired the expertise on preparation of paraffin embedded tissue sections and immunohistochemistry at the Core Facility in Albert Einstein College of Medicine. May 2006– October 2006: Volunteer/ Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York. I worked as a volunteer on two colon cancer-related projects: 1. Determination of the molecular mechanisms by which HADC-inhibitors induce apoptosis and differentiation in colon cancer cell lines in vitro. The goal of this study was to understand the molecular basis for HDAC inhibitor- induced apoptosis resistance in colon cancer. 2. Application of a systems biology approach for predicting response of human colon tumors to chemotherapeutic agents. The overall goal of this study was to determine whether a combination of gene expression profiling, methylation profiling and Comparative Genome Hybridization can identify molecular patterns predict likelihood of colon tumors undergoing relapse and response to chemotherapy. May 2000- June 2005: Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Pediatrics, Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, Harvard Medical School (HMS) & Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Boston, MA. The overall goal of my studies as a post-doctoral fellow in the laboratory of Developmental Immunology at HMS and MGH was to study the interactions between viruses and receptors, in order to describe molecular mechanisms of viral attachment to target cells and to provide a basis for vaccine and drug design. 1. Structural analysis of the receptor of measles virus Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule (SLAM). The goal of this project was develop a foundation for the development of improved therapies against measles virus, by determining the crystal structure of SLAM. Measles virus infects human cells by binding to a molecule on the cellular surface known as SLAM. I succeeded in expressing and purifying the SLAM protein, and I was actively engaged in crystallizing and determining its structure. 2. Lymphotropic polyomavirus (LPV) isolated froma B-lymphoblastoid cell line of an African green monkey has virus has some characteristics common to human polyomavirus. Human polyomaviruses have oncogenic potential and may produce severe disease in immunosuppressed individuals. The goal of this project was determination of the crystal structure of the Lymphotrophic Papovavirus (LPV) protein. I successfully expressed, purified and crystallized the LPV protein. 1995-1999: Doctoral Research Student, North East Wales Institute (NEWI), University of Wales, Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology. I completed my PhD in antibody engineering / Biotechnology from Dr. Glenn E. Morris’s (Head of Biotechnology Group) lab at the University of Wales. The group generated more than four hundred monoclonal antibodies available for analysis of molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of human genetic diseases. The main objective of my thesis was to identify new potential immunogenic regions within the dystrophin protein by analyzing turn predicted regions, four flexible hinge regions and computer predicted regions of high hydrophilicity and antigenicity indices. I then synthesized and purified peptides of these regions to produce monoclonal antibodies. 1988-1995: I worked as a Clinical Biochemist and Pathology Laboratory Director, POLYCLINIC Dr. Saifullah Jan, SA, is a privately owned Clinic recognized and registered by ministry of health of Saudi Arabia. The patient’s volume was more than hundred patients a day. I established this lab in 1988 and was a Director of the lab until 1995. I supervised all laboratory tests, developed new protocols, conducted population research for Pharmaceutical companies to screen hyperlipidemic and noninsulin dependent diabetic patients. June 1984-March 1988: I worked as a Clinical Biochemist and Laboratory Manager in Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center (JPMC) in Pakistan. My responsibility was to supervise and perform routine diagnostic tests (Chemistry, Microbiology, Hematology, Serology and Parasitology) on biological specimen collection from IPD, OPD patients. Research on patients and normal healthy control subjects dealing according to the guideline of research protocols, biological specimen collection, biochemical analysis of samples, data collection, and statistical analysis. I was also engaged in teaching and training students were pursuing for postgraduate medical education at Jinnah Postgraduate
- 9. Medical Center, Pakistan. The laboratory of Department of Nephro-Urology of 1250-beds Hospital is well equipped and place of learning for Medical undergraduate and postgraduate, Pharmacology, Biochemistry, Pathology, Nephrology and Urology students. I was engaged in weekly presentations and during clinical teaching sessions and solving problems created in laboratory diagnostic tests related issues. I also provided guidance to MD, MPhil, and PhD students while writing their corresponding dissertation studies. While working as a Biochemist in the Department of Nephro-Urology at JPMC, I also undertook the following two research projects related to chronic renal failure and nephrotic syndrome: 1) Serum lipids, their sub-fractions and hemoglobin A1 in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). This project was undertaken in fulfillment of the requirements of degree of Master of Philosophy in Biochemistry. The goal of this project was to compare levels of lipids and lipid subfractions in CRF patients and in healthy control subjects. In addition, urea derived carbamylated hemoglobin was determined in CRF patients and compared with the severity of the disease. 2) Serum proteins and lipid levels in patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS). NS is kidney disorder that can occur at any age but is more prevalent in children than in adults. This condition is marked by proteinurea and hypoproteinemia; edema, especially around the eyes, feet, and hands; and high cholesterol. Disease results in damage to the kidney’s glomeruli, which gradually lose their ability to filter waste and excess water from the blood, and ultimately patients undergo CRF. The goal of this project was to find abnormalities in lipids and their subfractions in NS patients and to compare levels with the severity of the disease. RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS Peer reviewed Articles 1. Shin J, Carr A, Corner GA, Tögel L, Dávalos-Salas M, Tran H, Chueh AC, Al-Obaidi S, Chionh F, Ahmed N, Buchanan DD, Young JP, Malo MS, Hodin RA, Arango D, Sieber OM, Augenlicht LH, Dhillon AS, Weber T K, Mariadason JM. The Intestinal Epithelial Cell Differentiation Marker ALPi is Selectively Induced by HDAC Inhibitors in Colon Cancer Cells in a KLF5-dependent Manner. J Biol Chem. 2014 Sep 5; 289 (36): 25306-16. 2. Katz SC, Ryan K, Ahmed N, Plitas G, Chaudhry UI, Kingham TP, Somasundar P, Espat NJ, Junghans RP, Ronald P. DeMatteo (2012). Obstructive jaundice expands intrahepatic regulatory T cells which impair liver T lymphocyte function but modulate liver cholestasis and fibrosis. Journal of Immunology, 187(3):1150-6. 3. Byun D, Ahmed N, Nasser S, Shin J, Al-Obaidi S, Goel S, Corner GA, Wilson AJ, Flanagan DJ, Williams DS, Augenlicht LH, Vincan E, and Mariadason JM. (2011) Intestinal epithelial-specific PTEN inactivation results in tumor formation, Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 30111. 4. Azarbayejani SJ, Ady J, Ahmed N, Weber T, Mariadason JM (2010). Resistance of Microsatellite (MSI) Human Colorectal Cancers (CRC) to Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor (HDACI) Mediated Differentiation is regulated at the Epigenetic Level. Journal of Surgical Research, Volume 151, Issue 2, Pages 296-296. 5. Ganepola GA, Mazziotta RM, Weeresinghe D, Corner GA, Parish CJ, Chang DH, Tebbutt NC, Murone C, Ahmed N, Augenlicht LH, Mariadason JM (2010). Gene expression profiling of primary and metastatic colon cancers identifies a reduced proliferative rate in metastatic tumors. Clin Exp Metastasis. 27(1): 1-9. 6. Yuan Z, Shin J, Wilson AJ, Goel S, Ling YH, Ahmed N, Dopeso H, Jhawer M, Nasser S, Montagna C, Fordyce K, Augenlicht LH, Aaltonen LA, Arango D, Weber TK and Mariadason JM. (2009) An A13 repeat within the 3’-Untranslated region of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is frequently mutated in microsatellite instability colon cancers and is associated with increase EGFR expression. Cancer Res.; 69: (19); 7811-7818. 7. Wilson AJ, Chueh AC, Tögel L, Corner GA, Ahmed N, Goel S, Byun DS, Nasser S, Houston MA, Jhawer M, Smartt HJ, Murray LB, Nicholas C, Heerdt BG, Augenlicht LH, and Mariadason JM (2010). Apoptotic sensitivity to colon cancer cell to histone deacetylase inhibitor is mediated by an Sp1/Sp3-activated transcriptional program involving immediate-early gene induction. Cancer Res. 15; 70(2):609-620. 8. Byun DS, Wilson AJ, Ahmed N, Nasser S, Scherer S, Augenlicht LH, Mariadason JM. (2009) Reduced intestinal ALP expression in HDAC3-villin transgenic mice. Manuscript in preparation.
- 10. 9. Mariadason JM, Arango D, Jhawer M, Byun D, Gregory S, Ahmed, N, Smartt H, Murray LB, Nicholas C, Corner GA, Wilson AJ. and Augenlicht LH (2009). A molecular signature that predict response of colon cancer cell to histone deacetylase inhibitors. (In Preparation). 10. Chang J, Chance MR, Nicolas C, Ahmed N, Guilmeau S, Flandez M, Wang D, Byun D, Nasser S, Albanese JM, Corner GA, Heerdt BG, Wilson AJ, Augenlicht LH, Mariadason JM. Proteomic Changes during intestinal cell maturation in vivo. (2008) J Proteomics; 71(5): 530-546. 11. Pereboev AV, Ahmed N, Nguyen thi Man, Morris GE. (2001) Epitopes in the interacting regions of β- dystroglycan (PPxY motif) and dystrophin (WW domain). Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1527: 54-60. 12. Ahmed N, Nguyen thi Man, Morris GE. (1998) Flexible hinges in dystrophin. Biochem Soc. Trans 1998; 26, S310. 13. Ahmed N and Jahangeer S. (1996) The relation between the degree of renal functional impairment and haemoglobin A1 in nondiabetic patients with chronic renal failure. Pakistan J Pharmacol; 13:1-12. 14. Ahmed N, Jahangeer S, Naqvi SAJ. (1994) Lipid abnormalities in patients with chronic renal failure. Pakistan J Pharmacol; 1135-44. 15. Ahmed N, Jahangeer S, Naqvi SAJ. (1994) The relation between the serum lipids and haemoglobin A1 in patients with chronic renal failure. Pakistan J. Pharmacol.; 11:9-19 16. Ahmed N, Jahangeer S, Naqvi SAJ, Shaikh MA. (1991) High-density lipoprotein cholesterol in normal subjects and patients with nephrotic syndrome. Kar. Univ. J. Sc.; 19: 171-175. 17. Ahmed N, Jahangeer S, Naqvi SAJ. (1990) The relation between the Hemoglobin A1 and fasting serum glucose in nondiabetic patients with chronic renal failure. Pakistan J. Pharmacol; 7:11-18. 18. Ahmed N, Jahangeer S, Naqvi SAJ, Shaikh MA. (1990) Serum protein and lipid levels in the nephrotic syndrome. Pakistan J. Biochem; 23: 77-86. 19. Ahmed N and Jahangeer S. (1987) Free amino acids in blood, muscle, liver, kidney, heart and brain of varanus bengalensis. Kar. Univ. J. Sc.; 15: 63-69. Poster Presentations/ Abstracts 1. Naheed S, Bais A, Ahmed N, Nguyen C, Licata L, Espat NJ, Junghans RP, Katz SC. (2012). Pre-clinical testing of anti-KIT designer T cells for the treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor. 65th Annual Cancer symposium, March 21-24, Orlando, Florida. 2. Naheed S, Ahmed N, Nguyen C, Bais A, Qiangzhong M, Licata L, Espat NJ, Junghans RP, Katz SC (2012). Anti-CEA designer T cells are suppressed by liver myeloid suppressor cells and regional infusion enhances therapy for the treatment of intrahepatic metastasis. (Meeting abstract). 3. Ryan K, Ahmed N, Junghans RP, Sommasundar P, Espat NJ, DeMatteo R, Katz S. (2011) Regulatory T cells modulate cholestasis and fibrosis in a murine model of obstructive jaundice. Abs. FASEB meeting. 4. Wilson AJ, Ahmed N, Corner G, Nasser S, Byun DS, Scherer S, Jhawer M, Smartt HJ, Murray LB, Nicholas C, Houston M, Heerdt B, Arango D, Augenlicht LH, Mariadason JM. (2008) A coordinated Sp1/Sp3-mediated transcriptional response involving immediate-early gene induction drives HDACi-induced apoptosis in colon cancer cells. Abs. Young investigator Research Symposium. 5. Byun DS, Wilson AJ, Ahmed N, Nasser S, Scherer S, Augenlicht LH, Mariadason JM. (2008) Reduced intestinal ALP expression in HDAC3-villin transgenic mice. Abs. American Association for Cancer Research meeting. 6. Fabry ME, Ahmed N, Suzuka SM, Nagel RL, Sellers R. and Klings ES. (2007) A transgenic mouse model for adult acute chest syndrome. Submitted at the Thirty Fifth Anniversary of the National Sickle Cell Disease Program. The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institute of Health and The Sickle Cell Disease Association of America, INC. 7. Mariadason JM, Nasser S, Byun DS, Arango D, Jhawer M, Ahmed N, Smartt HJ, Murray LB, Nicholas C, Corner GA, Wilson AJ and Augenlicht LH (2007). Molecular determinants of colon cancer cells to histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. Abs. 2479. AACR Annual Meeting, Los Angeles, CA.
- 11. 8. Ahmed N and Stehle T. (2001) Crystallization of the coat protein from lymphotrophic papovirus. Presented at the Seventh Annual Harvard Structural Biology Retreat, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Norton’s Woods, 136 Irving Street, Cambridge, MA. 9. Ahmed N, Nguyen thi Man, and Morris, GE. (1998) Flexible hinges in dystrophin. Biochem Soc Trans 1998; 26, S310. 10. Nguyen thi Man, Manilal S, Pereboev A, Young P, Ahmed N, Fitzgerald TA, Wilkinson F, and Morris GE. (1998) Monoclonal antibody studies of the diagnosis and pathogenesis of muscular dystrophies and other neuromuscular diseases. Muscle and Nerve, IX International Congress on Neuromuscular diseases. Abstract. P2th-08. 11. Morris GE, Pereboev A, Ahmed N and Nguyen thi Man. (1997) Structural studies of dystrophin and utrophin using monoclonal antibodies. The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology Journal. Abstract. 11(9): A2085. Selected Oral Presentations 1. Ahmed N. (2011) Production and Pre-Clinical Testing of Anti-KIT Designer T Cells. Roger Williams Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island. 2. Ahmed N. (2010) Tissue Microarray Engineering and Target Specific Therapy. Roger Williams Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island. 3. Ahmed N. (2009) Monoclonal Antibody Engineering and Target Specific Therapy. Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi, Pakistan. 4. Ahmed N. (2009) Tissue Microarray Technology for High Throughput environment and colorectal cancer. Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi, Pakistan. 5. Ahmed N. (2009) Diagnostic and therapeutic implications of biologically active molecules. Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Pakistan. 6. Ahmed N, (1997) Chemical synthesis of peptides for antibody production. The Royal Society of Chemistry meeting of in North Wales Region. University of Wales, Bangor, United Kingdom. 7. Ahmed N. and Jahangeer S. (1991). The relation between the serum lipids and hemoglobin A1 in patients with chronic renal failure. International Symposium on contemporary Biology. Biological Sciences Society, Islamabad, Pakistan. P. 23. Abstract. PROFESIONAL ORGANIZATIONS/ MEMBERSHIP/AWARDS: Member of American Association for the Advancement of Science (2007-2009). Member of American Society of Hematology (2007-2008). Member of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (2004-2005). Member of the Association of Clinical Biochemists (1998-1999). Member of Muscular dystrophy group of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (1998). Member of Institute of Biomedical Sciences (1994). Member of American Association for Clinical Chemistry (1994). Life member Pakistan Pharmacological Society (Since 1994) and Advisory Board Member (Immunology and Medicine) of Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2009-Present). NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS/ MEMBERSHIP/LEADERSHIP AWARDS: Member and organizer of Pakistani American Association (2004-2007). Community Services Award from the Mayer of Rhode Island (2005). Life member of ICNE, Teacher in Sunday ICNE-School-Sharon (2000-2005, 2009-Present). Guest speaker in Hindu Festival “Diwali” held in Mansfield (2010). Active parent participant of “Interfaith Leadership Youth Program” organized by American Christians, American Jewish and American Muslims in Sharon, Massachusetts (2010-Present). Best Science Laboratory Teaching Award 2013-2014, Al-Noor Academy. Ivited judge science fair committee 2015, Al-Noor Academy.
- 12. LANGUAGES READ, WRITE AND SPEAK: English, Urdu, Arabic, Hindi, Sindhi, Punjabi and limited Persian (Farsi). LABORATORY TECHNIQUES Cell and Molecular Biology Tumor and T cell culture (mouse and human) and Transduction. Experience in cell proliferation assay, Cytotoxicity, ELISA, MTT assay, Cytmetric bead array (CBA). DNA purification by Phenol Chloroform. Plasmid DNA extraction by Miniprep and Maxiprep. RNA and protein extraction from human and mouse tissue and cell lines (Trizol, RNeasy). PCR, Gradient PCR, Gill Bates mutant Assay for Knock-in Mice and Gill Bates WT Assay for Knock-in Mice. Q-PCR(Sybr Green). Enzyme assays (Alkaline phosphatase). In vitro designer T cell development by Transduction their application for cancer Therapeutic Efficacy Analytical assays. Western blot. Probe preparation for Affymetrix and Nimblegen micro array analysis. FACS analysis (PI staining and cell cycle analysis). Immunohistochemistry (paraffin embedded and frozen sections). Archival RNA extraction from archival formalin-fixed tissue. Tissue Microarray. Mouse handling, coding, genotyping and sacrifice. Mouse injection for Brdu incorporation. Crystallography Bacterial expression of Lymphotrophic Papovavirus (LPV) protein, His-Tag and FPLC purification and enzyme cleavage of His-Tag. Initial crystallization of LPV protein by Hampton Research crystal growth solutions. Further crystals growth and optimization was performed by freshly prepared solutions and growth measurements were recorded on regular basis. Prepare constructs for bacterial and yeast expression of SLAM. Yeast expression and purification of SLAM by affinity column (Ni) chromatography and Fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) column. Mammalian CHO cells protein expression, affinity column (Protein A) and FPLC column purification. Protein crystallization trials setup by Hampton Research and Wizard solutions. Peptide Synthesis, Antibody production, Purification and Characterization Fmoc peptide synthesis. Desalting and HPLC column purification of peptides. Peptide freeze-drying, conjugation with BSA and KLH for immunization. Chemical coupling of peptides confirmation on SDS-PAGE. Use of conjugated synthetic peptides to produce monoclonal antibodies. Immunization of mice with conjugated peptides. Antibody screening (ELISA, Western Blot and Immunohistochemistry) and characterization of monoclonal antibodies. Epitope Mapping of monoclonal antibodies by phage displayed peptide library.
- 13. Determination of epitopes of monoclonal antibodies. Studies of peptide attachment to ELISA plates using mouse polyclonal sera and monoclonal antibodies. Determination of Ig subtypes of monoclonal antibodies. Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing and Quality Control (QC) Supervised production of tablet and injectable. Tablets disintegration time evaluation. pH evaluation of the products. Chemical analysis of water for injectable, tablets, syrups and IV/IM injectable. Supervised of sterility testing of injectable. Translational Medicine/ Pharmacology Worked on mouse breeding and crosses of different mouse models of colorectal cancer. Mouse basic and advanced level surgery trained from Einstein College of Medicine. Mouse handling, coding and performance of drug deliveries (including BrDu and anesthetic injection). IP tumor injections for monoclonal antibody therapy. Monoclonal antibody and T cell therapy of tumor injected C57/BL6 and nude mice. Neurology Mouse models of neurological disorder. Mouse brain perfusion, removal from the skull, fixation and freezing. Histological sectioning of frozen mouse brain. Immunofluorescence labeling of mouse brain sections. Hepatology and Surgical Oncology Mouse model of liver metastasis of cancer. Mouse liver perfusion. Mouse blood collection. Mouse liver NPC isolation. T cell isolation from mouse spleen and isolation of human T cell from human blood and blood filters. Mouse advanced survival surgery for driving animal research to beside clinical trials. Pathology Laboratory Performed clinical lab tests in chemistry including hormone assays, hematology tests and serology tests. Media preparation, sputum/urine/blood/CSF culture and sensitivity tests. Taught and trained Medical Students, Medical Laboratory Technologists and Laboratory Technicians. Blood sample collection and dealing with patients visiting lab. Proficient with clinical chemistry and hematology and flame photometric analyzers. Clinical Chemistry / Medical Technology Blood and other biological specimens’ collection from patients including prostatic secretion by applying pressure on the prostate with a finger. Urinalysis, stool analysis and semen analysis.
- 14. Performed clinical chemistry inclyding hormone assays, microbiology, hematology and serology tests for the diagnosis of health related problems. Teaching and training undergraduates, medical residents and technicians. Conducted postgraduate research and later supervised medical research students. Teaching and training undergraduates, medical residents and technicians. Conducted postgraduate research for the degree of Master of Philosophy (M.Phil.) in Clinical Biochemistry (Nephro-biochemistry studying patient’s suffering from chronic renal failure) and later supervised postgraduate medical research students. Protein Purification Chromatography. Ultrafiltration and centrifugation. SDS-PAGE. HPLC. FPLC. Good Manufacturing Process Manufacturing Process Control. Raw ingredient Control. Process Water Systems. Equipment management for Hygienic Manufacturing. Cleaning and Sanitization Procedures. Employee Practices. Plant / Manufacturing environment. Hygienic Equipment Design and Condition. Environmental monitoring. Laboratory. Microbiological Testing. Methods. Interpretation of Results. Management of Out of Specification Results. Alert / Action Procedure. Assessment of Hygienic Risk. Familiar with all the basics for 21CFR, parts 210 et 211. Animal Surgeries and Survival Sugeries Mouse: dissection, Tail cutting and genotyping, Immunization, Blood Collection, IP injection and survival surgeries. Xenograft subcutaneous injection, tumor removal, size measurement of tumor, picture taking from dissection microscope, performance of sections, microscopic examination of section and picture taking. Fetal pig dissection and anatomical review. Cat dissection and anatomical review. Frog dissection and anatomical review. Earthworm dissection and anatomical review. Rabbit dissection and anatomical review.
- 15. Histopathology Work Dissected tissues treatment with formaldehyde and than ethanol (for Wax block preparation if IHC is required) / Fresh cut or Frozen tissue block prepatration on a piece of cork (for frozen sction cutting if IMF is required) with OCT. Impregnate tisse with paraffin wax. Careful orientation of Biopsy in tissue moulds and filling with molten paraffin wax. Then making block cold so the wax solidify quickly to produce tissue blocks (tissue embedding' and the hard wax blocks) Cutting sections of the tissue only 3 microns thick with Manual Rotary Microtome. H&E stain and Immunohistochemistry of tissue sections with different antibodies. Tissue microarray block preparation from block of different patient’s biopies if needed. Note: A tissue microarray (TMA) consists of a histology slide on which representative tissue samples (cores) from a selection of different cases are assembled. TMAs are a valuable tool for investigations requiring a large number of histology sections.