2. - CONTENTS -
Introduction to Cyber Security
Types of Cyber Threats
Cyber Security Measures
Best Practices for Cyber Security
Real-World Examples and Case Studies
Conclusion
3. Introduction to Cyber Security -
Cyber security is the practice of protecting digital information,
networks, and computer systems from unauthorized access, use,
disclosure, disruption, modification, or destruction.
If you're in information security, your main concern is protecting
your company's data from unauthorized access of any sort,and if
you're in cyber security, your main concern is protecting your
company's sensitive data from unauthorized electronic access. In
both scenarios, the value of the data is of utmost importance.
4. Types of Cyber Threats –
Malware - It is any software
intentionally designed to harm,
exploit, or otherwise compromise devices,
networks, or data.
Phishing - It is the practice of sending
fraudulent communications that
appear to come from a legitimate and
reputable source, usually through
email and text messaging.
Ransomware -Ransomware is a type of
malware that locks a device or encrypts
data, and then demands payment to
restore access.
IoT attacks -Hackers exploit weak
security measures in IoT devices to
access sensitive data or disrupt
operations .
SQL Injection -Attack on a database to
access sensitive information.
6. Cyber Security Measures :-
Firewalls:-
Firewalls monitor and filter incoming and outgoing network traffic.
They use security rules to decide whether to allow or block traffic.
Firewalls can prevent malicious software from accessing a network or
computer.
Encryption:-
Encryption uses mathematical models to convert readable data (plaintext)
into an unreadable form (ciphertext).
The process of reversing the encryption to restore the original data is
called decryption.
Access Control:-
Access control is a data security process that enables organizations to
manage who is authorized to access corporate data and resources.
7. Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems (IDPS):-
An intrusion detection and prevention system (IDPS) is a network
monitoring strategy that works by both passively monitoring traffic and
actively blocking suspicious or malicious behavior once it is flagged.
Virtual Private Networks (VPNs):-
VPNs create a secure tunnel between a device and the internet.
VPNs hide a user's IP address and location.
VPNs allow users to access websites and applications through a proxy
server.
8. Best Practices for Cyber Security:-
Use Strong Passwords:-
Strong passwords are long, random, and unique. They are made up of a
combination of letters, numbers, and symbols.
Keep Software Up-to-Date:-
Most software and apps have an option to automatically download and
install updates as soon as they are available from the developer. This is the
easiest way to keep your software up to date without having to check for
updates manually.
Use Antivirus Software:-
Antivirus software helps protect your computer, network, and other devices
from viruses and malware. You can use antivirus software to prevent,
detect, search for, and remove threats.
9. Phishing scams:-
Phishing is a type of online scam that targets consumers by sending them an
e-mail that appears to be from a well-known source – an internet service
provider, a bank, or a mortgage company, for example.
AppSec :-
It is a set of measures to protect software applications from cyber threats. It
includes security measures during development, deployment, and ongoing
maintenance.
Use 2FA:-
Two-factor authentication (2FA) is a security method that requires two forms
of identification to log in to an account. 2FA can be used to protect online
accounts, smartphones, and company networks.
10. Real-World Examples and Case Studies :-
Google Chrome Cyber-Espionage
Attacks (March 2025)-
Google identified a surge in cyber-
espionage attacks targeting Chrome
users through sophisticated malware
delivered via phishing emails. Media
professionals, educational institutions,
and government agencies.
North Korea's $1.5 Billion
Crypto Heist (February
2025)-
The FBI attributed a $1.5 billion
theft from the cryptocurrency
exchange ByBit to North
Korean hackers, marking the
largest virtual asset heist in
history.
11. AIIMS Ransomware Attack
(2023):
The All India Institute of Medical
Sciences in Delhi faced a
ransomware attack that led to
server shutdowns, disrupting
healthcare services and
potentially compromising
patient data.
X cyber attack-
In March 2025, X (formerly
Twitter) faced major outages,
which Elon Musk attributed to a
massive cyberattack, possibly
from Ukraine. The hacking group
Dark Storm Team claimed
responsibility for a DDoS attack,
though experts questioned the
attribution and X’s vulnerability.
13. Government Initiatives:
The Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-In) has
established memorandums of understanding with counterparts in
several countries to enhance cybersecurity measures and facilitate
information exchange.
The government has launched awareness campaigns to educate
citizens about emerging cyber threats, such as "digital arrest"
scams, where fraudsters impersonate authorities to extort money.
Exercise caution with unsolicited communications, regularly
update passwords, and stay informed about common scam tactics.
14. CONCLUSION-
Cybersecurity is essential in protecting digital systems from
evolving threats. Strong security practices, continuous
monitoring, user awareness, and a solid incident response
plan are key. Global cooperation is needed to ensure
privacy, trust, and safety in the digital world.
