Cyberinfrastructure and its Role in Science
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The document discusses the challenges and technologies associated with cyberinfrastructure in scientific research, including collaboration, data, and application issues. It highlights key components such as grid computing, cloud computing, and technologies like web portals and social networking, along with various projects like the LHC Computing Grid and Geochronos. Additionally, it outlines benefits, case studies, and the role of middleware in managing computing resources.
![Contact Information IAI Summer School July 6, 2009 Cyberinfrastructure - Cameron Kiddle [email_address] http://pages.cspc.ucalgary.ca/~kiddlec/ http://grid.ucalgary.ca/](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/iai09-090721120037-phpapp01/85/Cyberinfrastructure-and-its-Role-in-Science-43-320.jpg)
Cyberinfrastructure and its Role in Science
- 1. Cyberinfrastructure and its Role in Science Cameron Kiddle Research Fellow, Grid Research Centre Adjunct Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science, University of Calgary Distributed Systems Architect, WestGrid
- 2. Outline Challenges Cyberinfrastructure Cyberinfrastructure Technologies Examples ICE Force Project Molecular Dynamics Simulations GT4-based Grid for Canada Fire Dynamics Simulator Rendering on the Cloud GeoChronos IAI Summer School July 6, 2009 Cyberinfrastructure -
- 3. Collaboration Challenges Familiarity/awareness of collaboration tools Keeping all interested parties in the loop Finding related work and researchers Keeping up to date with current research Collaboration while working in the field IAI Summer School July 6, 2009 Cyberinfrastructure -
- 4. Data Challenges Acquisition of data Many different data sources Large quantities of data Different regulations/mechanisms for accessing data Lack of automation Finding the right data Bandwidth constraints Managing data Scattered and unorganized data Inadequate tools for recording/maintaining metadata Data without metadata is meaningless Lack of suitable metadata standards Validation of metadata Tracking provenance of data Pre-processing of data Raw data typically cannot be directly analyzed Significant amount of time spent preparing data for analysis Lack of automation IAI Summer School July 6, 2009 Cyberinfrastructure -
- 5. Application Challenges Limited availability of computing resources Access to and familiarity of heterogeneous computing resources Fault tolerance and reliability Access to software available in research lab while in field or other locations Installing, configuring and updating software System dependencies of software Awareness and suitability of available software Sharing applications and results IAI Summer School July 6, 2009 Cyberinfrastructure -
- 6. Cyberinfrastructure “ Like the physical infrastructure of roads, bridges, power grids, telephone lines, and water systems that support modern society, "cyberinfrastructure" refers to the distributed computer, information and communication technologies combined with the personnel and integrating components that provide a long-term platform to empower the modern scientific research endeavor.” Report of the National Science Foundation Blue-Ribbon Advisory Panel on Cyberinfrastructure, 2003. IAI Summer School July 6, 2009 Cyberinfrastructure -
- 7. Cyberinfrastructure Technologies Grid Computing Cloud Computing Virtualization Web 2.0 / Social Networking Web Portals / Scientific Gateways Semantic Web … IAI Summer School July 6, 2009 Cyberinfrastructure -
- 8. Grid Computing Many different definitions/uses computational grids, data grids, desktop grids, campus grids, sensor grids, access grids Coordinated sharing of heterogeneous resources across administrative domains IAI Summer School July 6, 2009 Cyberinfrastructure - Resources Shared by Virtual Organization X Resources Shared by Virtual Organization Y Domain A Domain B Domain C
- 9. Grid Middleware The layer between users/applications and grid resources that glues everything together Example grid middleware Globus Toolkit GT2 – pre-standards GT4 – Web Services based UNICORE gLite ARC NAREGI IAI Summer School July 6, 2009 Cyberinfrastructure -
- 10. Key Grid Middleware Services Security Services Concerned with authentication, authorization, secure communication, … Information Services Provide information about resources, policy, services and applications to tools and users Data Management Services Manage movement and replication of data as well as metadata about data Execution Management Services Handle placement, provisioning and lifetime management of jobs and workflows IAI Summer School July 6, 2009 Cyberinfrastructure -
- 11. Benefits of Grid Computing Easier access to more resources Users/organizations can share resources Single sign-on Common interface (hide heterogeneity) Improved data management Efficient file transfers Abstraction of physical location of data Automated execution of jobs and workflows IAI Summer School July 6, 2009 Cyberinfrastructure -
- 12. Example Grid Projects IAI Summer School July 6, 2009 Cyberinfrastructure - Name Description LHC Computing Grid http://lcg.web.cern.ch/ data storage and analysis infrastructure for the high energy physics community using the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN (ATLAS Tier-1 site at TRIUMF in British Columbia) Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NEES) http://www.nees.org/ a US national network of 15 facilities to study the impact of earthquakes on buildings, bridges, etc. Expanding GEOsciences on DEmand (EGEODE) http://www.egeode.org/ a virtual organization (VO) associated with EGEE that is dedicated to research in geoscience for both public and private industrial R&D and academic laboratories International Virtual Observatory Alliance (IVOA) http://www.ivoa.net/ development of standards and infrastructure to share and analyze astronomical archives from around the world
- 13. Cloud Computing Transparent access to scalable and dynamic services over the Internet Key features: Everything as a Service (EaaS) Utility/On-demand Accessibility/Transparency Scalability Virtualization IAI Summer School July 6, 2009 Cyberinfrastructure -
- 14. Cloud Computing Solutions IAI Summer School July 6, 2009 Cyberinfrastructure -
- 15. Benefits of Cloud Computing Reduce capital, support and maintenance costs Pay only for what you use Get access to more/fewer resources when needed Ready to use for users No more downloads, installations or updates Simplify and speed up software development Don’t have to support multiple platforms Application popularity and lifespan difficult to predict Scale applications according to user demand IAI Summer School July 6, 2009 Cyberinfrastructure -
- 16. Cloud Computing Case Study: Application Popularity on Facebook Difficult to predict popularity and lifespan of applications Facebook Application Growth Sep. 2007: ~ 3700 Sep. 2008: ~39000 Facebook Application Popularity (Sep. 12, 2008) 39181 applications Active user data for 37155 apps 3 apps > 10 million active users 80% apps < 1000 active users IAI Summer School July 6, 2009 Cyberinfrastructure - Monthly Active Users vs. Rank of Facebook Applications (September 12, 2008)
- 17. Cloud Computing Case Study: Shrek (Dreamworks) Shrek (2001) – 5 million CPU render hours Shrek 2 (2004) – 10 million CPU render hours Shrek 3 (2007) – 20 million CPU render hours IAI Summer School July 6, 2009 Cyberinfrastructure - (Source: R. Rowe. DreamWorks Animation "Shrek the Third": Linux Feeds an Ogre. Linux Journal . June 5, 2007. (http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/9653)) Time to Render 1 CPU 100 CPUs 10000 CPUs Shrek 571 years 5.7 years 21 days Shrek 2 1142 years 11.4 years 42 days Shrek 3 2283 years 22.8 years 83 days
- 18. Cloud Computing Case Study: Animoto Animoto ( http://animoto.com ) Produces professional quality videos from images Runs on Amazon EC2 Popularity soared when promoted on Facebook During the course of 4 days: Jumped from 8 to 450 renderings per minute ~20000 new users per hour 3500 instances running on Amazon EC2 at peak IAI Summer School July 6, 2009 Cyberinfrastructure - (Source: D. Barker. You Need 3,500 Servers by When?! On-demand Enterprise . 2008.07.07)
- 19. Virtualization Can transform a single physical machine into multiple virtual machines (VMs) each with their own OS and software stack Virtualization software Xen, KVM, VMWare Support allocation, deallocation, checkpointing and migration of VMs Benefits Custom environments (root access) More efficient use of resources (consolidation) System maintenance without disruption IAI Summer School July 6, 2009 Cyberinfrastructure -
- 20. Web 2.0 – The “Social Web” Aimed at: Providing feature rich user environments Making it easier for users to generate Web content Improving online social connectivity Example Web 2.0 technologies Blogs (WordPress, TypePad) Wikis (Wikipedia) Mashups (HousingMaps, ChicagoCrime) Widgets/Gadgets (iGoogle, Netvibes) Social networks (Facebook, MySpace, YouTube) IAI Summer School July 6, 2009 Cyberinfrastructure -
- 21. Social Networking Sites/Platforms IAI Summer School July 6, 2009 Cyberinfrastructure -
- 22. Web Portals / Scientific Gateways Aimed at providing a community of users access to computing resources through a common Web-based interface Web portal development tools GridSphere (portlet based) Web 2.0/Social Networking Examples TeraGrid Scientific Gateways (over 30 of them) nanoHUB IAI Summer School July 6, 2009 Cyberinfrastructure -
- 23. Semantic Web Aimed at representing knowledge, not just information Connecting and relating data in a way understandable by machines Semantic Web standards Resource Description Framework (RDF) Web Ontology Language (OWL) IAI Summer School July 6, 2009 Cyberinfrastructure -
- 24. Confederation Bridge ICE Force Monitoring Project Monitoring of forces on the Confederation Bridge Data analyzed by civil engineering groups at University of Calgary and Carleton University GRC developed solution to automate data management as part of a CANARIE AAP project IAI Summer School July 6, 2009 Cyberinfrastructure - ( http://www.confederationbridge.com ) ( http://www.confederationbridge.com )
- 25. ICE Force - Technologies Used Grid Middleware GT4 Data Management Proactive Data Management Service (PDMS) Data Transfer - GridFTP, RFT Replication Management – RLS Metadata Management - MCS IAI Summer School July 6, 2009 Cyberinfrastructure -
- 26. Molecular Dynamics Simulations (GROMACS) GROMACS Parallel molecular dynamics simulation application Can simulate hundreds to millions of particles Simulation runs can take days, weeks or months Issues with long running jobs Fault tolerance Scheduler policy constraints IAI Summer School July 6, 2009 Cyberinfrastructure - ( http://moose.bio.ucalgary.ca/ )
- 27. GROMACS - Grid Enabled Solution Automated grid enabled solution developed by GRC to manage GROMACS simulations as part of a CANARIE AAP project Long jobs split into a series of shorter jobs Automates checkpointing, migration and reconfiguration of jobs IAI Summer School July 6, 2009 Cyberinfrastructure -
- 28. GROMACS - Portal IAI Summer School July 6, 2009 Cyberinfrastructure -
- 29. GROMACS - Technologies Used Grid Middleware GT4 Information Services WS MDS Data Management PDMS (GridFTP, RFT, RLS, MCS) Execution Management Custom system (Condor-G, WS GRAM) Portal GridSphere IAI Summer School July 6, 2009 Cyberinfrastructure -
- 30. Web Service based Grid Environment for Canada IAI Summer School July 6, 2009 Cyberinfrastructure - Established a GT4-based grid environment from resources across Canada (CANARIE CIIP)
- 31. GT4-based Grid - Model Schemas Models developed to describe systems, applications and scheduler policy (GRC Model Schema) IAI Summer School July 6, 2009 Cyberinfrastructure - System Model Class Diagram
- 32. GT4-based Grid – Viewing Resource Information Used WebMDS, a customizable Web based interface for viewing resource information published by WS MDS IAI Summer School July 6, 2009 Cyberinfrastructure -
- 33. GT4-based Grid - Technologies Used Grid Middleware GT4 Data Management GridFTP, RFT Information Services GRC Model Schema, WS MDS, WebMDS Execution Management Condor-G, WS GRAM IAI Summer School July 6, 2009 Cyberinfrastructure -
- 34. Example: Fire Simulation Developed a comprehensive environment for the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) as part of a collaborative project between GRC and HP Labs Deployed on HP Labs Data Centre at University of Calgary Initial focus of project Leverage Web 2.0 technologies Explore use of virtualization in a utility/cloud computing environment IAI Summer School July 6, 2009 Cyberinfrastructure -
- 35. Fire Simulation - Technologies Used User level Web 2.0/social networking technology (Facebook) Service provider level LAMP environment (Linux, Apache, MySQL, Perl/Python/PHP) Simulation (FDS, Condor) Visualization (Smokeview, VNC) Resource (utility) provider level Cloud computing technology (ASPEN) Virtual machine technology (Xen) IAI Summer School July 6, 2009 Cyberinfrastructure -
- 36. Example: Rendering on the Cloud GRC created an on-demand cloud rendering service for EDM Studio Cybera Pilot Project Technologies used: Cloud computing technology (ASPEN) Virtual machine technology (Xen) Social networking technology (Ning/Elgg) IAI Summer School July 6, 2009 Cyberinfrastructure -
- 37. An on-line platform For: Earth Observation Scientists Facilitating: Collaboration between scientists Data access, management and sharing Application access, management and sharing Leveraging: Web 2.0 / social networking technologies (Elgg) Semantic Web technologies (RDF, OWL) Cloud computing and virtualization technologies (ASPEN, Xen) IAI Summer School July 6, 2009 Cyberinfrastructure -
- 38. GeoChronos - Collaboration Social networking portal Elgg-based (elgg.org) Social networking services Blogs Tags Media/document sharing Wikis Friends/contacts Groups Discussions Message boards Calendars Status News Feeds IAI Summer School July 6, 2009 Cyberinfrastructure - http://geochronos.org/
- 39. GeoChronos - Data Data Acquisition Automated acquisition of data from sensors (ground, airborne, satellite) or third party Data Storage Store, share, browse and search data i.e., spectral library Data Processing Automated data workflows i.e., mosaic, reproject and subset MODIS data IAI Summer School July 6, 2009 Cyberinfrastructure -
- 40. GeoChronos - Applications Interactive Application Service (IAS) On-line, on-demand access to scientific applications Share application sessions and data with other users Access control to applications Batch Processing Service Batch processing environment for longer running data processing tasks or simulations For use directly by individual users or as part of automated data workflows IAI Summer School July 6, 2009 Cyberinfrastructure -
- 41. GeoChronos - Project Team IAI Summer School July 6, 2009 Cyberinfrastructure - Dr. Arturo Sanchez-Azofeifa University of Alberta Dr. John Gamon University of Alberta Dr. Benoit Rivard University of Victoria Dr. Rob Simmonds University of Calgary Prinicipal Investigators Project Coordination Platform Development Domain Scientists
- 42. GeoChronos - Virtual Organization IAI Summer School July 6, 2009 Cyberinfrastructure -
- 43. Contact Information IAI Summer School July 6, 2009 Cyberinfrastructure - Cameron Kiddle [email_address] http://pages.cspc.ucalgary.ca/~kiddlec/ http://grid.ucalgary.ca/