LINQ (Language Integrated Query) allows querying of data in C# and Visual Basic .NET. It includes LINQ to Objects, LINQ to XML, and LINQ support for ADO.NET like LINQ to SQL and LINQ to Entities. Query syntax uses declarative queries like SQL while method syntax uses standard query operators. Query expressions use clauses like from, join, where, orderby, group, and standard query operators provide an API to query .NET collections and arrays.