Data Communication & Networking Issues in Real World
- 1. DATA COMMUNICATION & NETWORKING ISSUES IN REAL WORLD W. M. H. G. T. C. K. WEERAKOON EP 1801 DATA COMMUNICATION & COMPUTER NETWORKS (PST 32227)
- 2. CONTENT • Introduction • Issues and solutions • Security • Digital Divide • Transmission Impairment • Socio-cultural Issues • Health issues • Environmental Issues • Summary 2
- 3. INTRODUCTION • History and Now • Data Communication System • Networks • Network Types • Topologies 3
- 4. DATA COMMUNICATION & NETWORKING ISSUES 4
- 5. SECURITY • Eavesdropping : attacker “listen in” to the network, monitors the network, has potential to modify data. • IP Address Snooping : uses software to generate fake IP packets, gains access to the network, could modify, reroute or delete data. • DOS attack : compromises services for valid users within the network, sometimes create virtual traffic and then crash the network. • Man-in-the-Middle : third party is between sender and receiver, without the knowledge of sender and receiver. • Sniffer attack : uses some application, device that can read and monitor data flow of a network. 5
- 6. SECURITY SOLUTIONS PROVIDED • Access control • Antivirus and Antimalware software • Application security • Behavioral analytics • DLP (Data Loss Prevention) • Email security • Firewalls • VPN • W3C affinity groups 6
- 7. DIGITAL DIVIDE/ DIGITAL SPLIT • Division of society based on amount of information access using internet. • Not only internet, but also • Unavailability to access ICT • Low connection quality • Insufficient ICT based service providing • Costs related to data connections • Low literacy rate of people • Social mobility • democracy 7
- 8. SOLUTIONS FOR DIGITAL DIVIDE • There are many initiatives taken by world recognized organizations. • Google project; Project LOON • Wikipedia foundation • Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) • World Economic Forum •UN ESCAP : pledging a contract for low costs internet infrastructure for Asia, Pacific countries in 2014. 8
- 9. TRANSMISSION IMPAIRMENT • Due to the impediments in transmission media. • Transmission media carry data in signal form. • Differences in signal at the receiver than sender called as transmission impairment. • There are 3 factors for transmission impairment • Attenuation • Distortion • Noise •Scientists are researching on advanced mechanisms to reduce transmission impairment in hardware. 9
- 10. SOCIO-CULTURAL ISSUES & SOLUTION • Family bond drift • Misbelieves in technology usage • Loose content control • Accidents • Social isolation • Laws are enforced, code of ethics, ethical governance etc. 10
- 11. HEALTH ISSUES • Psychological : technological distraction, instant gratification expectation, narcissism, multitasking • Physical : vision problems (20-20-20 rule), hearing impairment, neck and wrist strain, obesity and non-infectious diseases • Smartphone stress, cell phone acnes, blackberry thumb, acute radiation from cell phones, impotency 11
- 12. ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES & SOLUTIONS • Natural resources degradation • High energy consumption • Hazardous substance usage (heavy metals) • High rate of electricity demand • E-wastes • Extreme weather • Renewable energy usage, Recycling e-wastes, Laws for environmental protection 12
- 13. SUMMARY • Data communication and networking have issues in many contexts; security, digital divide, transmission impairment, socio-cultural issues, environmental issues. • Every issue is inter linked with each other, so existing of one issue will induce another issue. • Digital laws have been a solution provider for many issues. • People need to be more responsible on manipulating data communication and networking. 13
- 14. REFERENCE • Behrouz A. Forouzan, Data Communication and Networking, 4 th Edition, McGraw Hill Higher Education Publications, page (80-85). • https://datasociety.net/initiatives/2014-0317/, 25/12/2017, 9.36 AM. • https://www.nwpc.com/how-does-technology-use-affect-mens-womens- health/, 25/12/2017, 11.14 AM. • http://www.digitalresponsibility.org/health-and-technology/, 27/12/2017, 3.16 PM. • https://greatist.com/health/19-worst-tech-related-health-risks, 27/12/2017, 4.49 PM. THANK YOU! 14