Data for Decision Maker
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The document discusses spatial information visualization in urban and regional planning, emphasizing the need to understand current regional conditions and envision future alternatives through collaborative consensus. It highlights the importance of using census data to evaluate demographics, income, and educational attainment in order to guide policy decisions and development strategies. LEAM technology is presented as a tool for dynamic modeling and assessment of planning scenarios, aiming to enhance efficiency and communication among stakeholders.
Data for Decision Maker
- 1. Spatial Information Visualization 16 September 2010 IRNet Brian Deal Urban and Regional Planning University of Illinois
- 2. Where are we now? Understanding the current state of the region provides a baseline to evaluate policy options and future impacts Where do we want to be? Answering this question requires a vision and communal consensus about the future of the region How do we get there? Planners and stakeholders need to be able to envision future alternatives and evaluate their potential consequences Fundamental Questions for Planning Requires planning tools!
- 3. Garden Cities Ebenezer Howard (early 20 th century) New Urbanism Duany, Plater-Zyberk, Calthorpe (1980s-present) Urban Spatial Visions … Towers in the Sky Le Corbusier (early 20 th century modernism) Broad Acre Frank Lloyd Wright (1930s)
- 4. Where are we now?
- 5. Do our plans consider… Resident age? Race? Employment? Income? Family composition? Resident health?
- 6. “ Our Neighborhood” Census Tract 2 City of Champaign Champaign Township Champaign County State of Illinois
- 7. How does the per capita income of our neighborhood compare to the rest of the city, the region, state, and nation? Racial composition ? Home ownership (Tenure) ? Education level ? Gee whiz Brian, How do we find this data?
- 8. Collect the data from the Census! Geography TRACT Median HH income 1999 Median FAM inc 1999 % Drove to Work Alone % NON-WHITE %_HU_OwnOcc %HU_NO_VEHC Census Tract 2, Champaign County, Illinois 2 21728 24,107 95.33799534 91.53506001 53.05410122 27.05061082 Census Tract 9.01, Champaign County, Illinois 9.01 26669 34,130 94.95450786 49.01840491 46.9808542 9.818360334 Census Tract 9.02, Champaign County, Illinois 9.02 50827 61,250 94.13622012 16.73215455 80.29520295 2.287822878 Census Tract 10, Champaign County, Illinois 10 38155 51,695 93.01788806 14.39227731 52.02918377 10.85271318 Census Tract 11, Champaign County, Illinois 11 60523 67,391 91.76313446 8.786724701 83.43446602 5.946601942 Census Tract 12.05, Champaign County, Illinois 12.05 68438 77,978 88.3070666 14.65240642 96.7340591 2.177293935 Census Tract 12.06, Champaign County, Illinois 12.06 95027 113,335 87.73800457 11.12745098 87.29216152 0 Census Tract 14, Champaign County, Illinois 14 31875 58,152 84.53006421 26.90217391 28.93175074 6.083086053 Census Tract 53, Champaign County, Illinois 53 22254 26,806 83.51498638 58.06835067 36.25 14.6875 Census Tract 56, Champaign County, Illinois 56 31272 37,449 77.11757269 28.73174207 48.56589147 10.65891473 Census Tract 57, Champaign County, Illinois 57 45485 65,285 64 22.45096675 55.98919243 13.41939358 Census Tract 58, Champaign County, Illinois 58 35714 84,540 60 14.87016169 47.51570531 9.594517419 Census Tract 59, Champaign County, Illinois 59 10224 29,286 42.03993524 33.80789022 4.6875 31.71875 Census Tract 60, Champaign County, Illinois 60 22533 22,188 29.22050855 54.46616541 4.860088365 22.82768778 Census Tract 106.02, Champaign County, Illinois 106.2 51896 58,667 25.32663317 2.955725946 80.24857239 3.829358415
- 9. Midwest West South Northeast CENSUS REGION The US Census Bureau divides the entire USA into four “Regions”…
- 10. CENSUS DIVISIONS (9) Pacific Mountain West North Central West South Central East North Central East South Central South Atlantic Middle Atlantic New England … and nine “Divisions”
- 11. COUNTIES (3,140) … .3,140 US Counties
- 12. Illinois (102 Counties) The State of Illinois has 102 Counties.
- 13. Illinois (2966 Census Tracts) Champaign County … .2966 Census Tracts Census tracts small, relatively permanent statistical subdivisions of a county most metropolitan areas (MA's) usually have between 2,500 and 8,000 persons designed to be homogeneous with respect to population, economic status, and living conditions census tracts do not cross county boundaries spatial size of census tracts varies widely depending on density physical changes may require occasional revisions
- 14. Champaign County (41 Census Tracts) There tend to be more census tracts where there are more people. When they cluster in cities, they are about the size of what we’d consider a neighborhood .
- 15. Urbanized areas Champaign-Urbana ooo2
- 16. Census Tracts in the Champaign Urbana Area 1 mile ooo2
- 17. 1 mile Census Tracts and Block Groups in the Champaign Urbana Area Census Tracts are further divided into several “Block Groups” and then into very small “Blocks” (not pictured) For the purpose of this presentation, we are advocates for a neighborhood in Census Tract 2 in Champaign County
- 18. Census Fact Finder http://factfinder.census.gov Decennial Census Choose your survey instrument. The Decennial census, implemented every ten years, contains information at census tract level. American Community Survey
- 19. Census Fact Finder http://factfinder.census.gov “ Get Data”
- 20. Census 2000 Summary File 3 (SF 3) Sample Data. Also known as the census “long form” Choose your data set. Make sure you’re choosing from the 2000 Census. Summary File 3 contains more detailed data on community characteristics. “ Detailed Tables”
- 21. “ Next” Select your geographies . We’re going to choose the entire nation, the State of Illinois, Champaign County, the City of Champaign, and Census Tract 2 (our “neighborhood”)
- 22. Select the individual variables you want to know about. Here we have selected “Total Population,” “Race,” etc. Show result!
- 23. When you request data for many census tracts, it’s often difficult to read all of them at once. It’s easiest to download the census data as an MS Excel file. Download the data as an excel file.
- 28. “ Thematic Maps” Generating Thematic Maps with Census Data MAP IT!
- 29. Choose your geography. Thematic maps will break down this geography into smaller levels. Here, we’ve chosen Champaign County, Illinois.
- 30. Now choose the “theme” or specific census datum that you want to see mapped. Here we’ve chosen “Per Capita Income in 1999.” All mapped themes are per capita or percent variables– they are not “raw” data.
- 31. Full County View. Zoom in to see Census Tract 2, our neighborhood. Pan, Identify, Get Data Sub-geographies: Tracts, County Subdivision, Blog Groups, etc.
- 32. “ Per capita income (1999) of Census Tract 2 is in the lowest income quintile of all census tracts in Champaign County with per capita income $11, 064.” Per Capita Income by census tract
- 33. “ While some census tracts in the Champaign-Urbana metro area display income variation, per capita income (1999) of ALL census block groups in Census Tract 2 are in the lowest income quintile of census tracts in Champaign County with per capita income $11, 064 .” University of Illinois Per Capita Income by census block group
- 34. Percent of Persons 25 Years and Over with Bachelor's Degree or Higher: 2000 “ Educational attainment in Census Tract 2 is relatively low compared to other tracts in Champaign-Urbana. Although one block group has relatively high rate of post-secondary education, most block groups are in the lowest quintile of post-secondary educational
- 35. How does the per capita income of our neighborhood compare to the rest of the city, the region, state, and nation? Per capita income in our neighborhood is lower than national, state, regional, and local income levels. Racial composition ? The racial composition of our neighborhood is overwhelmingly African American (85.54%), exceeding national, state, regional, and local levels. Home ownership (Tenure) ? Our neighborhood has nearly equal levels of home owners (53%) and renters (47%), but has relatively more renters than the nation, state, and region. The City of Champaign has a larger portion of renters, most like due to a large student population. Education level ? Our neighborhood has relatively low levels of post-secondary education, but only ten percentage points lower than the national average.
- 36. Where are we now? Understanding the current state of the region provides a baseline to evaluate policy options and future impacts Where do we want to be? Answering this question requires a vision and communal consensus about the future of the region How do we get there? Planners and stakeholders need to be able to envision future alternatives and evaluate their potential consequences Fundamental Questions for Planning Requires planning tools!
- 37. Census data reveals a snapshot of the way we are now Avoid data collection for collections sake Looking for correlations How do we target specific questions? modeling What about the future?
- 38. What if you were able to … Visualize the likely land use consequences of policy and investments Assess the impacts of those investments Determine sustainable outcomes Assist communities vision their future using real data Have a common platform for multiple models
- 39. What if you were able to … Provide decision-makers with clear policy choices based on a defensible knowledge base Show decision-makers the impacts of policy options on multiple resources (land/water/air/utilities/transportation/education) Tie regional planning in with economic forecasts Model alternative strategies in real time and not wait for traditional plans that take months - years
- 40. LEAMplan
- 41. Informed Decision-Making By better realization of the implications, this system has assisted policymakers in: deciding whether to require 40-acre minimum zoning in a rural county generating transportation analysis zones prioritizing transportation improvement program projects designating and outlining areas for protection from development how to allocate Community Development Block Grant funds How has it been used?
- 42. Mapping Development Growth over space
- 43. Mapping Development Growth over time
- 44. Growth by … Watershed School District Census Block Group
- 45. Transportation Projects- Comparison Map Showing development shifts
- 46. Transportation Projects- Comparison Map Same analysis – satellite view
- 47. Transit-Oriented Development Growth Nodes
- 48. Champaign-Urbana Mobility-Enhanced Development-Zones Growing up … not out
- 49. Champaign-Urbana Mobility-Enhanced Development-Redevelopment University Policy ??
- 51. Groundwater Protection Change Map
- 53. Green Infrastructure Change Policy context – where to focus attention
- 54. Watershed Analysis Growth by watershed
- 55. Measuring Impacts SCALDS Modeling
- 56. Water Demand
- 57. The big picture Gaining more information from the planning process Better coordinating planning efforts Reaching decisions based on data and information An easier framework Decision-making able to draw on many sources of information Planning activities become more effective
- 58. Getting More Out of the Process A single platform for visioning, modeling, plan creation / coordination, and decision-making Wider/broader leveraging of expertise Results and analysis are available and accessible Decision-makers able to readily analyze alternatives & consequences An opportunity
- 59. Making Plans More Usable – Bring together plans from diverse agencies and jurisdictions to a single location Standardize formats, streamline temporal and spatial parameters Build a digital and easily accessible repository Create intelligent retrieval systems An opportunity
- 60. LEAM Components Base land use change model Economic Forecast Impact modeling GeoPortal – Customized Access & Display of Information Desktop – Utilizing the model thru cloud computing
- 61. LEAM Planning Portal Based on open source content management system (CMS) known as Plone Rich content – documents, maps, graphs Live, full-text search Flexible navigation capability Integrated comment system Security, workflow, and revision history User Administration Intranet-Internet
- 63. LEAM Desktop User runs LEAM and custom models through web services Model inputs are automatically organized, documented, and reviewable Long running models executed “in the cloud” Rich set of results available in GeoPortal to allow model review
- 64. LEAM Plan Features … An online content management system that: Brings key players into communication Packages maps, text, and analysis for ease of use Provides User developed scenario modeling Facilitates identification of long-term implications of nearby decisions and policy Allows for review and open discussion of new analysis done from within the system Presents information in a digitally standardized, interactive format Employs intelligent indexing and live search Key benefits
- 65. Conclusions Census data is useful for planning Where are now New tools for assessing the future Planning Support Tools (LEAM) These tools provide: Coordinated communication between agencies Potential multiple agency labor and technology cost savings Central repository for supporting documentation Improved plan efficiency and performance Reduce/control risk of conflicting action plans Immediate feedback generation Complete electronic history/automatic archiving Benchmarking and shared best practices across agencies Increased visibility to the public and stakeholders Key benefits
- 66. What you get with LEAM State-of-the-art modeling technology Continuous modeling enhancements Access to a Community of Users Concept to model results … rapid Reduced planning time with Improved planning performance, efficiency, and longevity Cost Savings Informed Decision-Making In Summary …
- 67. About LEAMgroup We specialize in developing and employing new planning & decision support tools to better understand complex real-world problems and enhance the traditional planning process through: Dynamic Modeling Integrative Planning Advanced Data Visualization and Management Interactive and Web-Based Community Engagement Contact +1-217-841-5935 www.leamgroup.com
- 68. LEAM Output and Scenario Planning Transportation / infrastructure projects Social policies Commercial investments Environmental sensitivity Economic changes LEAM technology
- 69. Simulations of Future Land Use Future regional demand for land is spatially distributed based on the probability a “cell” will develop Development summarized over time and by various spatial scopes (watershed, township, school district, etc.) LEAM technology
- 70. Drivers of Land Use Change Economy Transportation Accessibility County Roads State Highways Intersections Interstate Ramps Attractors Cities Employment Centers Healthcare Centers Retail Centers Cultural Centers LEAM technology Constraints Public lands Floodzones Brownfields Slope Forest proximity Water proximity Social issues Growth trends Cell-based drivers Spontaneity Neighbors Diffusion ECONOMICS SOCIAL MODEL UTILITIES SPONTANEOUS NEIGHBORS DEV PROB ECON TRENDS DEM GROWTH TRENDS water PLANNING MAP TRANSPORTATION MODEL Attractors
- 73. Dynamic Drivers dynamic cell drivers Nearest Neighbor Existing urbanized cells embody access to utility infrastructure and are easier and cheaper to develop. The determination of the at any given time step for any given cell requires a summation of the neighboring cell characteristics with a spread coefficient ( j ) over the total surrounding cells.
- 74. Commercial No Change Residential 0 1 Random Number Generator Development Score
Editor's Notes
- #3: These fundamental questions are different than in the champaign deck
- #37: These fundamental questions are different than in the champaign deck
- #46: McHenry County Short-term Transportation Projects change map with projects
- #47: McHenry County Short-term Transportation Projects change map with projects
- #48: Transit-oriented development encourages compact and contiguous development surrounding transit stations to allow accessibility via alternative modes of transportation, reducing traffic congestion and energy consumption. The TOD scenario assesses the land use change implications of both the completion of several new transit stations in McHenry County and encouraging infill and re-development within a 1/2 mile radius around existing and new stations. While many who utilize the rail system for commuting may drive to their station of choice, the radius was determined by an average 15 minute walk.
- #49: Infill Areas with Change results
- #51: Invovles preserving agricultural land by implementing a 40-acre Minimum Zoning policy within agricultural protection areas rather than zone them as no-growth. In an area conforming to 40-acre Minimum Zoning new parcels of land bought or sold must have an area equal to 40 acres or larger. The Agricultural Preservation Districts are divided into a grid with each cell having an area of 40 acres. The simulation is run, once any cell within a 40-acre cell is developed, that cell is closed to further development. This ensures that a cell that develops within the Preservation District in question will have at least 40 acres of area around it free of other new development.
- #53: The IDNR GI scenario utilizes maps based on the Chicago Wilderness Green Infrastructure Vision as a reduced probability layer, and the Illinois Department of Natural Resources’/Natural History Survey’s “Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Plan” as no growth.
- #55: Des Plaines Watershed Reference Change with existing development.
- #56: SCALDS Results for Champaign Urbana land use and transportation
- #57: Agricultural, Residential and Commercial Industrial Water Demand for Chicago Region HUC 8 watersheds for the Reference Scenario