Data privacy act

Data privacy act
[REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10173]
Republic of the Philippines
Congress of the Philippines
Metro Manila
Fifteenth Congress
Second Regular Session

CHAPTER I
GENERAL PROVISIONS
SECTION 1. Short Title.
SECTION 2. Declaration of Policy.
SECTION 3. Definition of Terms.
SECTION 4. Scope.
SECTION 5. Protection Afforded to Journalists and
Their Sources.
SECTION 6. Extraterritorial Application.

SECTION 1. Short Title.
This Act shall be known as the “Data Privacy
Act of 2012”.

SECTION 2. Declaration of Policy.
It is the policy of the State to protect the fundamental
human right of privacy, of communication while ensuring
free flow of information to promote innovation and growth.
The State recognizes the vital role of information and
communications technology in nation-building and its
inherent obligation to ensure that personal information in
information and communications systems in the
government and in the private sector are secured and
protected.

SECTION 3. Definition of Terms.
Whenever used in this Act, the following terms shall have the respective meanings
hereafter set forth:
 Commission
 Consent of the data subject
 Data subject
 Direct marketing
 Filing system
 Information and Communications System
 Personal information
 Personal information controller
 Personal information processor
 Processing
 Privileged information
 Sensitive personal information

Commission
shall refer to the National Privacy Commission created by virtue of this Act.

Consent of the data subject
refers to any freely given, specific, informed indication of will, whereby
the data subject agrees to the collection and processing of personal
information about and/or relating to him or her. Consent shall be
evidenced by written, electronic or recorded means. It may also be
given on behalf of the data subject by an agent specifically authorized
by the data subject to do so.

Data subject
refers to an individual whose personal information is processed.

Direct marketing
refers to communication by whatever means of any advertising
or marketing material which is directed to particular individuals.

Filing system
refers to any act of information relating to natural or juridical
persons to the extent that, although the information is not
processed by equipment operating automatically in response to
instructions given for that purpose, the set is structured, either
by reference to individuals or by reference to criteria relating to
individuals, in such a way that specific information relating to a
particular person is readily accessible.

Information and Communications System
refers to a system for generating, sending, receiving, storing or
otherwise processing electronic data messages or electronic
documents and includes the computer system or other similar
device by or which data is recorded, transmitted or stored and
any procedure related to the recording, transmission or storage
of electronic data, electronic message, or electronic document.

Personal information
refers to any information whether recorded in a material form or
not, from which the identity of an individual is apparent or can
be reasonably and directly ascertained by the entity holding the
information, or when put together with other information would
directly and certainly identify an individual.

Personal information controller
refers to a person or organization who controls the collection,
holding, processing or use of personal information, including a
person or organization who instructs another person or
organization to collect, hold, process, use, transfer or disclose
personal information on his or her behalf. The term excludes:

Personal information processor
refers to any natural or juridical person qualified to act as such
under this Act to whom a personal information controller may
outsource the processing of personal data pertaining to a data
subject.

Processing
refers to any operation or any set of operations performed upon
personal information including, but not limited to, the collection,
recording, organization, storage, updating or modification,
retrieval, consultation, use, consolidation, blocking, erasure or
destruction of data.

Privileged information
refers to any and all forms of data which under the Rules of
Court and other pertinent laws constitute privileged
communication.

Sensitive personal information
refers to personal information:
 About an individual’s race, ethnic origin, marital status, age, color, and
religious, philosophical or political affiliations;
 About an individual’s health, education, genetic or sexual life of a person, or
to any proceeding for any offense committed or alleged to have been
committed by such person, the disposal of such proceedings, or the
sentence of any court in such proceedings;
 Issued by government agencies peculiar to an individual which includes,
but not limited to, social security numbers, previous or cm-rent health
records, licenses or its denials, suspension or revocation, and tax returns;
and
 Specifically established by an executive order or an act of Congress to be
kept classified.

SECTION 4. Scope.
This Act applies to the processing of all types of personal information and to any
natural and juridical person involved in personal information processing including
those personal information controllers and processors who, although not found or
established in the Philippines, use equipment that are located in the Philippines, or
those who maintain an office, branch or agency in the Philippines subject to the
immediately succeeding paragraph: Provided, That the requirements of Section 5 are
complied with.

This Act does not apply to the following:
 (a) Information about any individual who is or was an officer or employee of a government institution that relates to the position or functions of the
individual, including:
 (1) The fact that the individual is or was an officer or employee of the government institution;
 (2) The title, business address and office telephone number of the individual;
 (3) The classification, salary range and responsibilities of the position held by the individual; and
 (4) The name of the individual on a document prepared by the individual in the course of employment with the government;
 (b) Information about an individual who is or was performing service under contract for a government institution that relates to the services performed,
including the terms of the contract, and the name of the individual given in the course of the performance of those services;
 (c) Information relating to any discretionary benefit of a financial nature such as the granting of a license or permit given by the government to an
individual, including the name of the individual and the exact nature of the benefit;
 (d) Personal information processed for journalistic, artistic, literary or research purposes;
 (e) Information necessary in order to carry out the functions of public authority which includes the processing of personal data for the performance by the
independent, central monetary authority and law enforcement and regulatory agencies of their constitutionally and statutorily mandated functions.
Nothing in this Act shall be construed as to have amended or repealed Republic Act No. 1405, otherwise known as the Secrecy of Bank Deposits Act;
Republic Act No. 6426, otherwise known as the Foreign Currency Deposit Act; and Republic Act No. 9510, otherwise known as the Credit Information
System Act (CISA);
 (f) Information necessary for banks and other financial institutions under the jurisdiction of the independent, central monetary authority or Bangko Sentral
ng Pilipinas to comply with Republic Act No. 9510, and Republic Act No. 9160, as amended, otherwise known as the Anti-Money Laundering Act and
other applicable laws; and
 (g) Personal information originally collected from residents of foreign jurisdictions in accordance with the laws of those foreign jurisdictions, including any
applicable data privacy laws, which is being processed in the Philippines.
 SEC. 5. Protection Afforded to Journalists and Their Sources. – Nothing in this Act shall be construed as to have amended or repealed the provisions of
Republic Act No. 53, which affords the publishers, editors or duly accredited reporters of any newspaper, magazine or periodical of general circulation
protection from being compelled to reveal the source of any news report or information appearing in said publication which was related in any
confidence to such publisher, editor, or reporter.

SECTION 5. Protection Afforded to Journalists
and Their Sources.
Nothing in this Act shall be construed as to have amended or repealed
the provisions of Republic Act No. 53, which affords the publishers,
editors or duly accredited reporters of any newspaper, magazine or
periodical of general circulation protection from being compelled to
reveal the source of any news report or information appearing in said
publication which was related in any confidence to such publisher,
editor, or reporter.

SECTION 6. Extraterritorial Application.
This Act applies to an act done or practice engaged in and outside of the Philippines by an
entity if:
 (a) The act, practice or processing relates to personal information about a Philippine
citizen or a resident;
 (b) The entity has a link with the Philippines, and the entity is processing personal
information in the Philippines or even if the processing is outside the Philippines as long
as it is about Philippine citizens or residents such as, but not limited to, the following:
 (1) A contract is entered in the Philippines;
 (2) A juridical entity unincorporated in the Philippines but has central management and
control in the country; and
 (3) An entity that has a branch, agency, office or subsidiary in the Philippines and the
parent or affiliate of the Philippine entity has access to personal information; and
 (c) The entity has other links in the Philippines such as, but not limited to:
 (1) The entity carries on business in the Philippines; and
 (2) The personal information was collected or held by an entity in the Philippines.

CHAPTER II
THE NATIONAL PRIVACY COMMISSION
SECTION 7. Functions of the National Privacy
Commission.
SECTION 8. Confidentiality.
SECTION 9. Organizational Structure of the
Commission.
SECTION 10. The Secretariat.

SECTION 7. Functions of the National Privacy
Commission.
SEC. 7. Functions of the National Privacy Commission. – To administer and implement the provisions of this Act, and to monitor and
ensure compliance of the country with international standards set for data protection, there is hereby created an independent body to
be known as the National Privacy Commission, winch shall have the following functions:
 (a) Ensure compliance of personal information controllers with the provisions of this Act;
 (b) Receive complaints, institute investigations, facilitate or enable settlement of complaints through the use of alternative dispute
resolution processes, adjudicate, award indemnity on matters affecting any personal information, prepare reports on disposition of
complaints and resolution of any investigation it initiates, and, in cases it deems appropriate, publicize any such report: Provided,
That in resolving any complaint or investigation (except where amicable settlement is reached by the parties), the Commission shall
act as a collegial body. For this purpose, the Commission may be given access to personal information that is subject of any
complaint and to collect the information necessary to perform its functions under this Act;
 (c) Issue cease and desist orders, impose a temporary or permanent ban on the processing of personal information, upon finding
that the processing will be detrimental to national security and public interest;
 (d) Compel or petition any entity, government agency or instrumentality to abide by its orders or take action on a matter affecting
data privacy;
 (e) Monitor the compliance of other government agencies or instrumentalities on their security and technical measures and
recommend the necessary action in order to meet minimum standards for protection of personal information pursuant to this Act;
 (f) Coordinate with other government agencies and the private sector on efforts to formulate and implement plans and policies to
strengthen the protection of personal information in the country;
 (g) Publish on a regular basis a guide to all laws relating to data protection;
 (h) Publish a compilation of agency system of records and notices, including index and other finding aids;
 (i) Recommend to the Department of Justice (DOJ) the prosecution and imposition of penalties specified in Sections 25 to 29 of this
Act;

 (j) Review, approve, reject or require modification of privacy codes voluntarily adhered to by personal information
controllers: Provided, That the privacy codes shall adhere to the underlying data privacy principles embodied in this
Act: Provided, further, That such privacy codes may include private dispute resolution mechanisms for complaints
against any participating personal information controller. For this purpose, the Commission shall consult with
relevant regulatory agencies in the formulation and administration of privacy codes applying the standards set out
in this Act, with respect to the persons, entities, business activities and business sectors that said regulatory bodies
are authorized to principally regulate pursuant to the law: Provided, finally. That the Commission may review such
privacy codes and require changes thereto for purposes of complying with this Act;
 (k) Provide assistance on matters relating to privacy or data protection at the request of a national or local agency,
a private entity or any person;
 (l) Comment on the implication on data privacy of proposed national or local statutes, regulations or procedures,
issue advisory opinions and interpret the provisions of this Act and other data privacy laws;
 (m) Propose legislation, amendments or modifications to Philippine laws on privacy or data protection as may be
necessary;
 (n) Ensure proper and effective coordination with data privacy regulators in other countries and private
accountability agents, participate in international and regional initiatives for data privacy protection;
 (o) Negotiate and contract with other data privacy authorities of other countries for cross-border application and
implementation of respective privacy laws;
 (p) Assist Philippine companies doing business abroad to respond to foreign privacy or data protection laws and
regulations; and
 (q) Generally perform such acts as may be necessary to facilitate cross-border enforcement of data privacy
protection.

SECTION 8. Confidentiality.
The Commission shall ensure at all times the confidentiality of
any personal information that comes to its knowledge and
possession.

SECTION 9. Organizational Structure of the
Commission.
SEC. 9. Organizational Structure of the Commission. – The Commission shall be attached to the Department of
Information and Communications Technology (DICT) and shall be headed by a Privacy Commissioner, who
shall also act as Chairman of the Commission. The Privacy Commissioner shall be assisted by two (2) Deputy
Privacy Commissioners, one to be responsible for Data Processing Systems and one to be responsible for
Policies and Planning. The Privacy Commissioner and the two (2) Deputy Privacy Commissioners shall be
appointed by the President of the Philippines for a term of three (3) years, and may be reappointed for
another term of three (3) years. Vacancies in the Commission shall be filled in the same manner in which the
original appointment was made.
The Privacy Commissioner must be at least thirty-five (35) years of age and of good moral character,
unquestionable integrity and known probity, and a recognized expert in the field of information technology
and data privacy. The Privacy Commissioner shall enjoy the benefits, privileges and emoluments equivalent to
the rank of Secretary.
The Deputy Privacy Commissioners must be recognized experts in the field of information and
communications technology and data privacy. They shall enjoy the benefits, privileges and emoluments
equivalent to the rank of Undersecretary.
The Privacy Commissioner, the Deputy Commissioners, or any person acting on their behalf or under their
direction, shall not be civilly liable for acts done in good faith in the performance of their duties. However, he
or she shall be liable for willful or negligent acts done by him or her which are contrary to law, morals, public
policy and good customs even if he or she acted under orders or instructions of superiors: Provided, That in
case a lawsuit is filed against such official on the subject of the performance of his or her duties, where such
performance is lawful, he or she shall be reimbursed by the Commission for reasonable costs of litigation.

SECTION 10. The Secretariat.
The Commission is hereby authorized to establish a Secretariat.
Majority of the members of the Secretariat must have served for at
least five (5) years in any agency of the government that is involved in
the processing of personal information including, but not limited to,
the following offices: Social Security System (SSS), Government Service
Insurance System (GSIS), Land Transportation Office (LTO), Bureau of
Internal Revenue (BIR), Philippine Health Insurance Corporation
(PhilHealth), Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Department of
Foreign Affairs (DFA), Department of Justice (DOJ), and Philippine
Postal Corporation (Philpost).

CHAPTER III
PROCESSING OF PERSONAL INFORMATION
SECTION 11. General Data Privacy Principles.
SECTION 12. Criteria for Lawful Processing of Personal
Information.
SECTION 13. Sensitive Personal Information and Privileged
Information.
SECTION 14. Subcontract of Personal Information.
SECTION 15. Extension of Privileged Communication.

SECTION 11. General Data Privacy Principles.
The processing of personal information shall be allowed, subject to compliance with the requirements of this Act and other
laws allowing disclosure of information to the public and adherence to the principles of transparency, legitimate purpose
and proportionality. Personal information must, be:,
 (a) Collected for specified and legitimate purposes determined and declared before, or as soon as reasonably
practicable after collection, and later processed in a way compatible with such declared, specified and legitimate
purposes only;
 (b) Processed fairly and lawfully;
 (c) Accurate, relevant and, where necessary for purposes for which it is to be used the processing of personal
information, kept up to date; inaccurate or incomplete data must be rectified, supplemented, destroyed or their further
processing restricted;
 (d) Adequate and not excessive in relation to the purposes for which they are collected and processed;
 (e) Retained only for as long as necessary for the fulfillment of the purposes for which the data was obtained or for the
establishment, exercise or defense of legal claims, or for legitimate business purposes, or as provided by law; and
 (f) Kept in a form which permits identification of data subjects for no longer than is necessary for the purposes for
which the data were collected and processed: Provided, That personal information collected for other purposes may lie
processed for historical, statistical or scientific purposes, and in cases laid down in law may be stored for longer
periods: Provided, further, That adequate safeguards are guaranteed by said laws authorizing their processing.
 The personal information controller must ensure implementation of personal information processing principles set out
herein.

SECTION 12. Criteria for Lawful Processing of Personal
Information.
The processing of personal information shall be permitted only if not otherwise prohibited by law, and
when at least one of the following conditions exists:
 (a) The data subject has given his or her consent;
 (b) The processing of personal information is necessary and is related to the fulfillment of a contract
with the data subject or in order to take steps at the request of the data subject prior to entering into a
contract;
 (c) The processing is necessary for compliance with a legal obligation to which the personal
information controller is subject;
 (d) The processing is necessary to protect vitally important interests of the data subject, including life
and health;
 (e) The processing is necessary in order to respond to national emergency, to comply with the
requirements of public order and safety, or to fulfill functions of public authority which necessarily
includes the processing of personal data for the fulfillment of its mandate; or
 (f) The processing is necessary for the purposes of the legitimate interests pursued by the personal
information controller or by a third party or parties to whom the data is disclosed, except where such
interests are overridden by fundamental rights and freedoms of the data subject which require
protection under the Philippine Constitution.

SECTION 13. Sensitive Personal Information and
Privileged Information.
The processing of sensitive personal information and privileged information shall be prohibited, except in the
following cases:
 (a) The data subject has given his or her consent, specific to the purpose prior to the processing, or in the case of
privileged information, all parties to the exchange have given their consent prior to processing;
 (b) The processing of the same is provided for by existing laws and regulations: Provided, That such regulatory
enactments guarantee the protection of the sensitive personal information and the privileged information:
Provided, further, That the consent of the data subjects are not required by law or regulation permitting the
processing of the sensitive personal information or the privileged information;
 (c) The processing is necessary to protect the life and health of the data subject or another person, and the data
subject is not legally or physically able to express his or her consent prior to the processing;
 (d) The processing is necessary to achieve the lawful and noncommercial objectives of public organizations and
their associations: Provided, That such processing is only confined and related to the bona fide members of these
organizations or their associations: Provided, further, That the sensitive personal information are not transferred to
third parties: Provided, finally, That consent of the data subject was obtained prior to processing;
 (e) The processing is necessary for purposes of medical treatment, is carried out by a medical practitioner or a
medical treatment institution, and an adequate level of protection of personal information is ensured; or
 (f) The processing concerns such personal information as is necessary for the protection of lawful rights and
interests of natural or legal persons in court proceedings, or the establishment, exercise or defense of legal claims,
or when provided to government or public authority.

SECTION 14. Subcontract of Personal
Information.
A personal information controller may subcontract the processing of personal
information: Provided, That the personal information controller shall be
responsible for ensuring that proper safeguards are in place to ensure the
confidentiality of the personal information processed, prevent its use for
unauthorized purposes, and generally, comply with the requirements of this
Act and other laws for processing of personal information. The personal
information processor shall comply with all the requirements of this Act and
other applicable laws.

SECTION 15. Extension of Privileged
Communication.
Personal information controllers may invoke the principle of
privileged communication over privileged information that they
lawfully control or process. Subject to existing laws and
regulations, any evidence gathered on privileged information is
inadmissible.

CHAPTER IV
RIGHTS OF THE DATA SUBJECT
SECTION 16. Rights of the Data Subject.
SECTION 17. Transmissibility of Rights of
the Data Subjects.
SECTION 18. Right to Data Portability.
SECTION 19. Non-Applicability.

SECTION 16. Rights of the Data Subject.
The data subject is entitled to:
 (a) Be informed whether personal information pertaining to him or her shall be, are being or have been processed;
 (b) Be furnished the information indicated hereunder before the entry of his or her personal information into the
processing system of the personal information controller, or at the next practical opportunity:
 (1) Description of the personal information to be entered into the system;
 (2) Purposes for which they are being or are to be processed;
 (3) Scope and method of the personal information processing;
 (4) The recipients or classes of recipients to whom they are or may be disclosed;
 (5) Methods utilized for automated access, if the same is allowed by the data subject, and the extent to which such
access is authorized;
 (6) The identity and contact details of the personal information controller or its representative;
 (7) The period for which the information will be stored; and
 (8) The existence of their rights, i.e., to access, correction, as well as the right to lodge a complaint before the
Commission.
 Any information supplied or declaration made to the data subject on these matters shall not be amended without
prior notification of data subject: Provided, That the notification under subsection (b) shall not apply should the
personal information be needed pursuant to a subpoena or when the collection and processing are for obvious
purposes, including when it is necessary for the performance of or in relation to a contract or service or when
necessary or desirable in the context of an employer-employee relationship, between the collector and the data
subject, or when the information is being collected and processed as a result of legal obligation;

 (c) Reasonable access to, upon demand, the following:
 (1) Contents of his or her personal information that were processed;
 (2) Sources from which personal information were obtained;
 (3) Names and addresses of recipients of the personal information;
 (4) Manner by which such data were processed;
 (5) Reasons for the disclosure of the personal information to recipients;
 (6) Information on automated processes where the data will or likely to be made as the sole basis for any
decision significantly affecting or will affect the data subject;
 (7) Date when his or her personal information concerning the data subject were last accessed and modified;
and
 (8) The designation, or name or identity and address of the personal information controller;
 (d) Dispute the inaccuracy or error in the personal information and have the personal information controller
correct it immediately and accordingly, unless the request is vexatious or otherwise unreasonable. If the
personal information have been corrected, the personal information controller shall ensure the accessibility of
both the new and the retracted information and the simultaneous receipt of the new and the retracted
information by recipients thereof: Provided, That the third parties who have previously received such
processed personal information shall he informed of its inaccuracy and its rectification upon reasonable
request of the data subject;
 (e) Suspend, withdraw or order the blocking, removal or destruction of his or her personal information from
the personal information controller’s filing system upon discovery and substantial proof that the personal
information are incomplete, outdated, false, unlawfully obtained, used for unauthorized purposes or are no
longer necessary for the purposes for which they were collected. In this case, the personal information
controller may notify third parties who have previously received such processed personal information; and
 (f) Be indemnified for any damages sustained due to such inaccurate, incomplete, outdated, false, unlawfully
obtained or unauthorized use of personal information.

SECTION 17. Transmissibility of Rights of the
Data Subjects.
The lawful heirs and assigns of the data subject may invoke the
rights of the data subject for, which he or she is an heir or
assignee at any time after the death of the data subject or when
the data subject is incapacitated or incapable of exercising the
rights as enumerated in the immediately preceding section.

SECTION 18. Right to Data Portability.
The data subject shall have the right, where personal information
is processed by electronic means and in a structured and
commonly used format, to obtain from the personal information
controller a copy of data undergoing processing in an electronic
or structured format, which is commonly used and allows for
further use by the data subject. The Commission may specify the
electronic format referred to above, as well as the technical
standards, modalities and procedures for their transfer.

SECTION 19. Non-Applicability.
The immediately preceding sections are not applicable if the
processed personal information are used only for the needs of
scientific and statistical research and, on the basis of such, no
activities are carried out and no decisions are taken regarding
the data subject: Provided, That the personal information shall
be held under strict confidentiality and shall be used only for the
declared purpose. Likewise, the immediately preceding sections
are not applicable to processing of personal information
gathered for the purpose of investigations in relation to any
criminal, administrative or tax liabilities of a data subject.

CHAPTER V
SECURITY OF PERSONAL INFORMATION
SECTION 20. Security of Personal Information.

SECTION 20. Security of Personal Information.
 (a) The personal information controller must implement reasonable and appropriate
organizational, physical and technical measures intended for the protection of personal
information against any accidental or unlawful destruction, alteration and disclosure, as well as
against any other unlawful processing.
 (b) The personal information controller shall implement reasonable and appropriate measures to
protect personal information against natural dangers such as accidental loss or destruction, and
human dangers such as unlawful access, fraudulent misuse, unlawful destruction, alteration and
contamination.
 (c) The determination of the appropriate level of security under this section must take into
account the nature of the personal information to be protected, the risks represented by the
processing, the size of the organization and complexity of its operations, current data privacy best
practices and the cost of security implementation. Subject to guidelines as the Commission may
issue from time to time, the measures implemented must include:
 (1) Safeguards to protect its computer network against accidental, unlawful or unauthorized
usage or interference with or hindering of their functioning or availability;
 (2) A security policy with respect to the processing of personal information;
 (3) A process for identifying and accessing reasonably foreseeable vulnerabilities in its computer
networks, and for taking preventive, corrective and mitigating action against security incidents
that can lead to a security breach; and
 (4) Regular monitoring for security breaches and a process for taking preventive, corrective and
mitigating action against security incidents that can lead to a security breach.

 (d) The personal information controller must further ensure that third parties processing personal
information on its behalf shall implement the security measures required by this provision.
 (e) The employees, agents or representatives of a personal information controller who are involved
in the processing of personal information shall operate and hold personal information under strict
confidentiality if the personal information are not intended for public disclosure. This obligation
shall continue even after leaving the public service, transfer to another position or upon
termination of employment or contractual relations.
 (f) The personal information controller shall promptly notify the Commission and affected data
subjects when sensitive personal information or other information that may, under the
circumstances, be used to enable identity fraud are reasonably believed to have been acquired by
an unauthorized person, and the personal information controller or the Commission believes (bat
such unauthorized acquisition is likely to give rise to a real risk of serious harm to any affected data
subject. The notification shall at least describe the nature of the breach, the sensitive personal
information possibly involved, and the measures taken by the entity to address the breach.
Notification may be delayed only to the extent necessary to determine the scope of the breach, to
prevent further disclosures, or to restore reasonable integrity to the information and
communications system.
 (1) In evaluating if notification is unwarranted, the Commission may take into account compliance
by the personal information controller with this section and existence of good faith in the
acquisition of personal information.
 (2) The Commission may exempt a personal information controller from notification where, in its
reasonable judgment, such notification would not be in the public interest or in the interests of the
affected data subjects.
 (3) The Commission may authorize postponement of notification where it may hinder the progress
of a criminal investigation related to a serious breach.

CHAPTER VI – ACCOUNTABILITY FOR TRANSFER
OF PERSONAL INFORMATION
SECTION 21. Principle of Accountability.

SECTION 21. Principle of Accountability.
Each personal information controller is responsible for personal information
under its control or custody, including information that have been
transferred to a third party for processing, whether domestically or
internationally, subject to cross-border arrangement and cooperation.
 (a) The personal information controller is accountable for complying with
the requirements of this Act and shall use contractual or other reasonable
means to provide a comparable level of protection while the information
are being processed by a third party.
 (b) The personal information controller shall designate an individual or
individuals who are accountable for the organization’s compliance with
this Act. The identity of the individual(s) so designated shall be made
known to any data subject upon request.

CHAPTER VII
SECURITY OF SENSITIVE PERSONAL INFORMATION IN
GOVERNMENT
SECTION 22. Responsibility of Heads of Agencies.
SECTION 23. Requirements Relating to Access by
Agency Personnel to Sensitive Personal Information.
SECTION 24. Applicability to Government Contractors.

SECTION 22. Responsibility of Heads of
Agencies.
All sensitive personal information maintained by the
government, its agencies and instrumentalities shall be secured,
as far as practicable, with the use of the most appropriate
standard recognized by the information and communications
technology industry, and as recommended by the Commission.
The head of each government agency or instrumentality shall be
responsible for complying with the security requirements
mentioned herein while the Commission shall monitor the
compliance and may recommend the necessary action in order
to satisfy the minimum standards.

SECTION 23. Requirements Relating to Access by
Agency Personnel to Sensitive Personal Information.
 (a) On-site and Online Access – Except as may be allowed through guidelines to be issued by the
Commission, no employee of the government shall have access to sensitive personal information on
government property or through online facilities unless the employee has received a security clearance from
the head of the source agency.
 (b) Off-site Access – Unless otherwise provided in guidelines to be issued by the Commission, sensitive
personal information maintained by an agency may not be transported or accessed from a location off
government property unless a request for such transportation or access is submitted and approved by the
head of the agency in accordance with the following guidelines:
 (1) Deadline for Approval or Disapproval – In the case of any request submitted to the head of an agency,
such head of the agency shall approve or disapprove the request within two (2) business days after the date
of submission of the request. In case there is no action by the head of the agency, then such request is
considered disapproved;
 (2) Limitation to One thousand (1,000) Records – If a request is approved, the head of the agency shall limit
the access to not more than one thousand (1,000) records at a time; and
 (3) Encryption – Any technology used to store, transport or access sensitive personal information for
purposes of off-site access approved under this subsection shall be secured by the use of the most secure
encryption standard recognized by the Commission.
 The requirements of this subsection shall be implemented not later than six (6) months after the date of the
enactment of this Act.

SECTION 24. Applicability to Government
Contractors.
In entering into any contract that may involve accessing or
requiring sensitive personal information from one thousand
(1,000) or more individuals, an agency shall require a contractor
and its employees to register their personal information
processing system with the Commission in accordance with this
Act and to comply with the other provisions of this Act including
the immediately preceding section, in the same manner as
agencies and government employees comply with such
requirements.

CHAPTER VIII
PENALTIES
 SECTION 25. Unauthorized Processing of Personal
Information and Sensitive Personal Information.
 SECTION 26. Accessing Personal Information and
Sensitive Personal Information Due to Negligence.
 SECTION 27. Improper Disposal of Personal
 SECTION 28. Processing of Personal Information and
Sensitive Personal Information for Unauthorized
Purposes.
 SECTION 29. Unauthorized Access or Intentional
Breach.
• SECTION 30. CONCEALMENT OF SECURITY BREACHES
INVOLVING SENSITIVE PERSONAL INFORMATION.
• SECTION 31. MALICIOUS DISCLOSURE.
• SECTION 32. UNAUTHORIZED DISCLOSURE.
• SECTION 33. COMBINATION OR SERIES OF ACTS.
• SECTION 34. EXTENT OF LIABILITY.
• SECTION 35. LARGE-SCALE.
• SECTION 36. OFFENSE COMMITTED BY PUBLIC OFFICER.
• SECTION 37. RESTITUTION

SECTION 25. Unauthorized Processing of Personal
 (a) The unauthorized processing of personal information shall be penalized
by imprisonment ranging from one (1) year to three (3) years and a fine of
not less than Five hundred thousand pesos (Php500,000.00) but not more
than Two million pesos (Php2,000,000.00) shall be imposed on persons who
process personal information without the consent of the data subject, or
without being authorized under this Act or any existing law.
 (b) The unauthorized processing of personal sensitive information shall be
penalized by imprisonment ranging from three (3) years to six (6) years and a
fine of not less than Five hundred thousand pesos (Php500,000.00) but not
more than Four million pesos (Php4,000,000.00) shall be imposed on persons
who process personal information without the consent of the data subject,
or without being authorized under this Act or any existing law.

SECTION 26. Accessing Personal Information and
Sensitive Personal Information Due to Negligence.
 (a) Accessing personal information due to negligence shall be penalized by
imprisonment ranging from one (1) year to three (3) years and a fine of not less
than Five hundred thousand pesos (Php500,000.00) but not more than Two million
pesos (Php2,000,000.00) shall be imposed on persons who, due to negligence,
provided access to personal information without being authorized under this Act
or any existing law.
 (b) Accessing sensitive personal information due to negligence shall be penalized
by imprisonment ranging from three (3) years to six (6) years and a fine of not less
than Five hundred thousand pesos (Php500,000.00) but not more than Four million
pesos (Php4,000,000.00) shall be imposed on persons who, due to negligence,
provided access to personal information without being authorized under this Act
or any existing law.

SECTION 27. Improper Disposal of Personal Information
and Sensitive Personal Information.
 (a) The improper disposal of personal information shall be penalized by imprisonment
ranging from six (6) months to two (2) years and a fine of not less than One hundred
thousand pesos (Php100,000.00) but not more than Five hundred thousand pesos
(Php500,000.00) shall be imposed on persons who knowingly or negligently dispose,
discard or abandon the personal information of an individual in an area accessible to
the public or has otherwise placed the personal information of an individual in its
container for trash collection.
 (b) The improper disposal of sensitive personal information shall be penalized by
imprisonment ranging from one (1) year to three (3) years and a fine of not less than
One hundred thousand pesos (Php100,000.00) but not more than One million pesos
(Php1,000,000.00) shall be imposed on persons who knowingly or negligently dispose,
discard or abandon the personal information of an individual in an area accessible to
the public or has otherwise placed the personal information of an individual in its
container for trash collection.

SECTION 28. Processing of Personal Information and
Sensitive Personal Information for Unauthorized
Purposes.
 The processing of personal information for unauthorized purposes shall be
penalized by imprisonment ranging from one (1) year and six (6) months to five
(5) years and a fine of not less than Five hundred thousand pesos
(Php500,000.00) but not more than One million pesos (Php1,000,000.00) shall
be imposed on persons processing personal information for purposes not
authorized by the data subject, or otherwise authorized under this Act or under
existing laws.
 The processing of sensitive personal information for unauthorized purposes
shall be penalized by imprisonment ranging from two (2) years to seven (7)
years and a fine of not less than Five hundred thousand pesos (Php500,000.00)
but not more than Two million pesos (Php2,000,000.00) shall be imposed on
persons processing sensitive personal information for purposes not authorized
by the data subject, or otherwise authorized under this Act or under existing
laws.

SECTION 29. Unauthorized Access or Intentional
Breach.
The penalty of imprisonment ranging from one (1) year to three
(3) years and a fine of not less than Five hundred thousand
pesos (Php500,000.00) but not more than Two million pesos
(Php2,000,000.00) shall be imposed on persons who knowingly
and unlawfully, or violating data confidentiality and security data
systems, breaks in any way into any system where personal and
sensitive personal information is stored.

SECTION 30. Concealment of Security Breaches
Involving Sensitive Personal Information.
The penalty of imprisonment of one (1) year and six (6) months
to five (5) years and a fine of not less than Five hundred
thousand pesos (Php500,000.00) but not more than One million
pesos (Php1,000,000.00) shall be imposed on persons who, after
having knowledge of a security breach and of the obligation to
notify the Commission pursuant to Section 20(f), intentionally or
by omission conceals the fact of such security breach.

SECTION 31. Malicious Disclosure.
Any personal information controller or personal information
processor or any of its officials, employees or agents, who, with
malice or in bad faith, discloses unwarranted or false information
relative to any personal information or personal sensitive
information obtained by him or her, shall be subject to
imprisonment ranging from one (1) year and six (6) months to
five (5) years and a fine of not less than Five hundred thousand
pesos (Php500,000.00) but not more than One million pesos
(Php1,000,000.00).

SECTION 32. Unauthorized Disclosure.
 (a) Any personal information controller or personal information processor or any of
its officials, employees or agents, who discloses to a third party personal
information not covered by the immediately preceding section without the consent
of the data subject, shall he subject to imprisonment ranging from one (1) year to
three (3) years and a fine of not less than Five hundred thousand pesos
(Php500,000.00) but not more than One million pesos (Php1,000,000.00).
 (b) Any personal information controller or personal information processor or any of
its officials, employees or agents, who discloses to a third party sensitive personal
information not covered by the immediately preceding section without the consent
of the data subject, shall be subject to imprisonment ranging from three (3) years to
five (5) years and a fine of not less than Five hundred thousand pesos
(Php500,000.00) but not more than Two million pesos (Php2,000,000.00).

SECTION 33. Combination or Series of Acts.
Any combination or series of acts as defined in Sections 25 to 32
shall make the person subject to imprisonment ranging from
three (3) years to six (6) years and a fine of not less than One
million pesos (Php1,000,000.00) but not more than Five million
pesos (Php5,000,000.00).

SECTION 34. Extent of Liability.
If the offender is a corporation, partnership or any juridical person, the penalty
shall be imposed upon the responsible officers, as the case may be, who
participated in, or by their gross negligence, allowed the commission of the
crime. If the offender is a juridical person, the court may suspend or revoke any
of its rights under this Act. If the offender is an alien, he or she shall, in addition
to the penalties herein prescribed, be deported without further proceedings after
serving the penalties prescribed. If the offender is a public official or employee
and lie or she is found guilty of acts penalized under Sections 27 and 28 of this
Act, he or she shall, in addition to the penalties prescribed herein, suffer
perpetual or temporary absolute disqualification from office, as the case may be.

SECTION 35. Large-Scale.
The maximum penalty in the scale of penalties respectively
provided for the preceding offenses shall be imposed when the
personal information of at least one hundred (100) persons is
harmed, affected or involved as the result of the above
mentioned actions.

SECTION 36. Offense Committed by Public
Officer.
When the offender or the person responsible for the offense is a
public officer as defined in the Administrative Code of the
Philippines in the exercise of his or her duties, an accessory
penalty consisting in the disqualification to occupy public office
for a term double the term of criminal penalty imposed shall he
applied.

SECTION 37. Restitution
Restitution for any aggrieved party shall be governed by the
provisions of the New Civil Code.

CHAPTER IX
MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
 SECTION 38. Interpretation.
 SECTION 39. Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR).
 SECTION 40. Reports and Information.
 SECTION 41. Appropriations Clause.
 SECTION 42. Transitory Provision.
 SECTION 43. Separability Clause.
 SECTION 44. Repealing Clause.
 SECTION 45. Effectivity Clause.

SECTION 38. Interpretation.
Any doubt in the interpretation of any provision of this Act shall
be liberally interpreted in a manner mindful of the rights and
interests of the individual about whom personal information is
processed.

SECTION 39. Implementing Rules and
Regulations (IRR).
Within ninety (90) days from the effectivity of this Act, the
Commission shall promulgate the rules and regulations to
effectively implement the provisions of this Act.

SECTION 40. Reports and Information.
The Commission shall annually report to the President and
Congress on its activities in carrying out the provisions of this
Act. The Commission shall undertake whatever efforts it may
determine to be necessary or appropriate to inform and educate
the public of data privacy, data protection and fair information
rights and responsibilities.

SECTION 41. Appropriations Clause.
The Commission shall be provided with an initial appropriation
of Twenty million pesos (Php20,000,000.00) to be drawn from
the national government. Appropriations for the succeeding
years shall be included in the General Appropriations Act. It shall
likewise receive Ten million pesos (Php10,000,000.00) per year
for five (5) years upon implementation of this Act drawn from
the national government.

SECTION 42. Transitory Provision.
Existing industries, businesses and offices affected by the
implementation of this Act shall be given one (1) year transitory
period from the effectivity of the IRR or such other period as
may be determined by the Commission, to comply with the
requirements of this Act. In case that the DICT has not yet been
created by the time the law takes full force and effect, the
National Privacy Commission shall be attached to the Office of
the President.

SECTION 43. Separability Clause.
If any provision or part hereof is held invalid or unconstitutional,
the remainder of the law or the provision not otherwise affected
shall remain valid and subsisting.

SECTION 44. Repealing Clause.
The provision of Section 7 of Republic Act No. 9372, otherwise
known as the “Human Security Act of 2007”, is hereby amended.
Except as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, all other laws,
decrees, executive orders, proclamations and administrative
regulations or parts thereof inconsistent herewith are hereby
repealed or modified accordingly.

SECTION 45. Effectivity Clause.
This Act shall take effect fifteen (15) days after its publication in
at least two (2) national newspapers of general circulation.

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