Data Redundancy & Update Anomalies
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The document discusses data redundancy and update anomalies in relational database design. It presents three relations - Staff, Branch, and Staffbranch - to illustrate these concepts. The Staffbranch relation contains redundant data like branch addresses repeated for each staff member. This can cause problems like insertion, deletion, and modification anomalies. Normalizing the data by splitting it into separate relations, like having separate Staff and Branch relations joined by a foreign key, helps avoid these issues.
Data Redundancy & Update Anomalies
- 1. Data Redundancy & Update Anomalies Made by Jenish Patel Kalpesh Patel Kaval Patel
- 2. A major aim of relational database design is to group attribute into relations to minimize data redundancy and thereby reduce the file storage space required by the implemented base relations.
- 3. Data redundancy Data redundancy is a condition created within a database or data storage technology in which the same piece of data is held in two separate places.
- 4. Data redundancy Let’s consider following three relations : Staff(Staff_no,Sname,Position,Salary,Branch_no) Branch(Branch_no,Baddress) Staffbranch(Staff_no,Sname,Position,Salary,Branch_no,Baddress) The primary keys are underlined.
- 5. These relations contain the data given below: 1) Staff Staff_no Sname Position Salary Branch_no S1 John Manager 10000 B005 S2 Ann Assistant 5000 B003 S3 Suhas Supervisor 7000 B007 S4 Julie Assistant 5000 B007 S5 Mary Assistant 5000 B005
- 6. 2) Branch 3) Staffbranch Branch_no Baddress B005 22 deccan, Pune. B003 10 bandra, Mumbai. B007 32 Main st, Nasik. Staff_no Sname Position Salary Branch_no Baddress S1 John Manager 10000 B005 22 deccan, Pune. S2 Ann Assistant 5000 B003 10 bandra, Mumbai. S3 Suhas Supervisor 7000 B007 32 Main st, Nasik. S4 Julie Assistant 5000 B007 32 Main st, Nasik. S5 Mary Assistant 5000 B005 22 deccan, Pune.
- 7. In Staffbranch relation there is redundant data. Branch address is repeated for every member of staff located at that branch. In constant, the branch detail appear only once for each branch in the Branch relation. And only the Brench_no is repeated in the Staff relation.
- 8. Relations that have redundant data have problems called Update Anomalies, which are classified as: 1. Insertion anomalies 2. Deletion anomalies 3. Modification anomalies
- 9. Insertion anomalies There are two main types of insertion anomalies: i. To insert the detail of new staff located at the branch number B007, we must enter the correct detail od branch No. B007 in other tuple in Staffbranch relation. But table (2) doesn't suffer from this inconsistency. ii. To insert detail of new branch that currently has no staff into Staffbranch relation, it is necessary to enter nulls into attributes for Staff, such as Staff_no. But Staff_no violates integrity and is not allowed. The design of relations shows in table(2) avoid this problem because branch details are entered in Branch relation separately from the Staff detail.
- 10. Deletion anomalies If only one staff is working at a branch, and if that staff’s information is deleted, then branch details are also lost, from the database. For example, if Staff_no S2’s record is deleted, the branch information of Branch_no B003 is also lost. The design of the relations in table(2) avoid this problem, because branch tuples stored separately from Staff tuple and attribute and attribute Branch_no relates two relations.
- 11. Modification anomalies If we want to change the value of one of the attributes of a particular branch in the Staffbranch relation. For example, the address for branch No. B003, we must update tuples of all staff located at the branch. If this modification is not carried out, the database relation will become inconsistent.
- 12. How To Avoid Anomalies?? The use of normalization The goal of the normalization process is to define relations So that each relation is about one kind of thing. This seems like a reasonable condition, given the problems that it prevents
- 14. How Normalization works?? If you know a customer id, then you know the person's name and address. If you know a stock identifier, then you know its current price and most recent dividend. Finally, for any pairing of a customer id and a stock identifier, you know how many shares that person owns of that stock
- 15. QUESTIONS ARE GUARANTEED IN LIFE BUT ANSWERS ARE NOT…!! ANY QUESTIONS????
- 16. THANK YOU