Using Data Science to Combat Youth Disparities - Data Science Pop-up Seattle
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The document discusses the use of data science in Seattle to address youth disparities, focusing on socioeconomic data collected through various methods like surveys and the American Community Survey. It outlines statistics on poverty rates, education, and health-related risks among different racial groups in Seattle, highlighting significant disparities in outcomes. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of understanding these disparities to allocate resources effectively and improve the well-being of youth in the city.
Using Data Science to Combat Youth Disparities - Data Science Pop-up Seattle
- 1. #datapopupseattle Using Data Science to Combat Youth Disparities Sean Green Research Data Analyst, City of Seattle CityofSeattle
- 2. #datapopupseattle UNSTRUCTURED Data Science POP-UP in Seattle www.dominodatalab.com D Produced by Domino Data Lab Domino’s enterprise data science platform is used by leading analytical organizations to increase productivity, enable collaboration, and publish models into production faster.
- 3. Understanding disparities A deep dive into the American Community Survey Sean Green, Ph.D. Research Data Analyst City of Seattle
- 4. Ways of capturing socioeconomic data • Product registration surveys • Online behavior and purchase history • Phone surveys • Door-to-door surveys • Workplace/school surveys • The Census and American Community Survey
- 5. The United States Census • The decennial census is mandated by Article I, Section 2 of the US Constitution • Is the most comprehensive source of population demographic information • Is used to apportion representation, and as such, requires a count of individuals and households • From 1940 through 2000 a subset ofAmericans received a long form which contained detailed socioeconomic questions • After 2000 the American Community Survey (ACS) was developed, and eventually replaced the long form as a survey that could be used to provide estimates between decennial censuses
- 6. Three levels of detail Most%comprehensive,% fewer%questions Less%comprehensive,%more% questions,%more%detail Decennial(Census American(Community Survey ACS(PUMS
- 7. What you get with each Decennial%Census American% Community%Survey Public?Use% Microdata Sample • Comprehensive%counts • Total%population • Estimates%for% proportions%of% demographic%groups • Only%available%once%a% decade • Sampling%for%smaller% groups • Questions%regarding% household%income,% educational%attainment,% and%employment%status • Available%yearly%for%areas% of%sufficient%size • Same%questions%as%ACS • Anonymized%individual% responses%for%custom% tables • Available%yearly%for%areas% of%sufficient%size • Higher%uncertainty%bounds% for%small%areas%and%groups
- 8. What the data can tell us about disparities Decennial%Census American% Community%Survey Public?Use% Microdata Sample • Proportionality%of% resources%spent%and% services%offered%by% geography • How%Seattle’s%population% compares%to%the% population%in%other%cities • Socioeconomic%data% aggregated%by% geographic%unit • Which%groups%are%faring% better%or%worse%over% time%in%terms%of% employment,%wages,%and% ease%of%transportation% • Socioeconomic%data%by% household • Individual%and%population? level%factors%that%%are% correlated%with%disparities • How%have%groups%fared%in% our%city%by%geography
- 9. Poverty rates Source:American Community Survey 2007-2010 data 32.9% 21.6% 21.5% 35.0% 17.4% 14.3% 14.6% 14.8% 9.4% 9.0% 8.6% 10.9% 18.6% 22.7% 13.7% 25.8% 15.4% 14.0% 9.8% 13.7% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 2007 2008 2009 2010 Seattle(Poverty(Rates(by(Race African%American Asian Caucasian Hispanic Other
- 10. Births to teenage mothers Source: Birth Certificate Data, Washington State Department of Health, Center for Health Statistics. 11 3.8 7.4 31.1 20.4 9.3 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Average(King(County(Births(to(Females(Ages(15@17(in(Birth(per(1,000 African%American Asian Caucasian Hispanic Native%American Other
- 11. Math, Reading, and Writing scores Source: Office of the Superintendentof Public Schools;for grades 3,4,5,6,7,8, and 10 47% 65% 70% 84% 86% 91% 72% 83% 86% 50% 62% 70% 47% 60% 66% 50% 52% 74% 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Math Reading Writing Washington(State(Female(Test(Scores(by(Race African%American Asian Caucasian Hispanic Native%American Other 43% 52% 52% 81% 79% 79% 70% 75% 70% 48% 53% 52% 41% 47% 45% 47% 64% 54% 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Math Reading Writing Washington(State(Male(Test(Scores(by(Race African%American Asian Caucasian Hispanic Native%American Other
- 12. Proportion of male teachers and teachers of color Source: Office of the Superintendentof Public Schools 82.9% 53.9% 82.8% 17.1% 46.1% 17.2% 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Elementary%Teacher Secondary%Teacher Other%Teacher Proportion%of%Male%Teachers%in%Seattle%Public%Schools Female Male 1.3% 1.6% 1.2% 2.4% 2.9% 2.1% 3.8% 2.9% 3.0% 0.7% 0.8% 0.8% 0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% Elementary%Teacher Other%Teacher Secondary%Teacher Percentage%of%Teachers%of%Color%in%Seattle%Public%Schools African%American Asian%Pacific Hispanic Native%American
- 13. Educational Attainment 12.3% 18.7% 4.9% 3.3% 13.2% 18.8% 23.6% 12.6% 7.2% 31.7% 47.4% 33.0% 41.4% 50.0% 37.9% 1.6% 2.6% 5.5% 12.0% 1.3% 17.0% 22.1% 34.5% 23.2% 11.1% 2.8% 1.1% 4.8% 4.8% 0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0% 90.0% 100.0% Other Hispanic Caucasian Asian/Pacific African%American Educational(Attainment(by(race(for(Seattle(Youths(Aged(18@24( Less%than%HS HS%Diploma%or%Equivalent Some%College Associate's%Degree Bachelor's%Degree MA%or%Higher Source:%American%Community%Survey%PUMS%2009?2013
- 14. Youth Labor Force Status Source:American Community Survey PUMS 2009-2013 49.6% 67.3% 74.7% 66.0% 35.2% 54.8% 24.2% 10.2% 11.0% 13.2% 16.6% 20.5% 26.2% 22.5% 14.3% 20.8% 48.2% 24.7% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Afr ican%American Asian Caucasian Hispanic Native%American Othe r Seattle(Labor(Force(Status(by(Race(for(Youth(16@24 Employed Unemployed Not%in%labor%force
- 15. Trusted Adult Source: Healthy Youth Survey 63.7% 57.7% 83.4% 56.1% 71.7% 63.9% 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 Percent%Seattle%10th%and%12th%Graders%of%Children%by%Race%Who% Report%Having%a%Trusted%Adult%with%whom%to%Talk African%American Asian Caucasian Hispanic Native%American Other
- 16. Exposure to Injury and Violence Risk Source: CDC Youth Risk Behavior SurveillanceSystem Accessed 9/24/15 Much%less%than%population%percentage 1 Less%than%population%percentage 2 Equal%to%population%percentage 3 More%than%population%percentage 4 Much%more%than%total%percentage 5 African( American Asian Caucasian Hispanic Other Rode(with(a(driver(who(had(been(drinking(alcohol (in(a(car(or(other(vehicle(one(or( more(times(during(the(30(days(before(the(survey) -1.6 -5.6 1.2 9.2 -0.2 Carried(a(gun (on(at(least(1(day(during(the(30(days(before(the(survey) 2.4 -0.7 -2.5 3.5 -2.6 Carried(a(weapon(on(school(property (such(as,(a(gun,(knife,(or(club(on(at(least(1(day( during(t he(30(days(before(the(survey) 1.6 -2.1 -1.7 3.6 Were(threatened(or(injured(with(a(weapon(on(school(property (such(as,(a(gun,(knife,( or(club(one(or(more(times(during(the(12(months(before(the(survey) 1.8 -1.1 -1.7 0 3.1 Were(in(a(physical(fight(on(school(property (one(or(more(times(during(the(12(months( before(the(survey) 5.4 -3.6 -4.7 6.9 1.9 Did(not(go(to(school(because(they(felt (unsafe(at(school(or(on(their(way(to(or(from( school(on(at(least(1(day(during(the(30(days(before(the(survey) 1.9 -0.7 -2.3 1 -0.1 Were(electronically(bullied (including(being(bullied(through(e@mail,(chat(rooms,( instant(messaging,(websites,(or(texting(during(the(12(months(before(the(survey) -3.5 0.4 0.1 1.8 1.8 Were(bullied(on(school(property (during(the(12(months(before(t he(survey) -3.7 -1.1 2.1 -1.3 1.3 Were(ever(physically(forced(to(have(sexual(intercourse (when(they(did(not(want(to) 0.5 -1.5 -2.2 4.8 1.9 Felt(sad(or(hopeless (almost(every(day(for(2(or(more(weeks(in(a(row(so(that(they( stopped(doing(some(usual(activities(during(the(12(months(before(the(survey) -1 0.1 -1.9 2.3 8.8 Seriously(considered(attempting(suicide (during(the(12(months(before(t he(survey) 1.6 -0.9 -2 -1.5 5.9 Made(a(plan(about(how(they(would(attempt(suicide (during(the(12(months(before(t he( survey) -1.4 0.9 -1.4 -1.5 7.1 Attempted(suicide (one(or(more(times(during(the(12(months(before(the(survey) 5.1 -1.8 -3.8 1.3 -1.7 Attempted(suicide(that(resulted(in(an(injury,(poisoning,(or(overdose(that(had(to(be( treated(by(a(doctor(or(nurse (during(the(12(months(before(t he(survey) 0.3 0.3 -1.9 1.9 0.2
- 17. Alcohol and drug use Source: CDC Youth Risk Behavior SurveillanceSystem Accessed 9/24/15 Much%less%than%population%percentage 1 Less%than%population%percentage 2 Equal%to%population%percentage 3 More%than%population%percentage 4 Much%more%than%total%percentage 5 African( American Asian Caucasian Hispanic Other Ever(had(at(least(one(drink(of(a lcohol (on(at(least(1(day(during(their(life) -15 -9 11 10.2 10 Drank(alcohol(before(age(1 3(years (for(the (first(time(other(than(a(few(sips) 0.9 -1.9 -3.4 11.4 -1.4 Currently(drank(alcohol (at(least(one(drink(of(alcohol(on(at(least(1 (day(during(the( 30(days(be fore(the(survey) -7.3 -13.1 9.2 6.1 7.2 Had(five(or(more(drinks(of(alcohol(in(a(row (within(a(couple(of(hours(on(at (least (1( day(during(the(30 (days(before(the (survey) -6.6 -8 6 6 5.7 Ever(used(marijuana (one(or(more(t imes(during(their(life) -2 -14.2 4.9 14.3 5.1 Tried(marijuana(before(age(13(years (for(the (first(time) 3.2 -4.1 -3.6 10.7 -0.3 Currently(used(marijuana (one(or(more(t imes(during(the(30(days(before(t he(survey) -0.5 -11.6 4.2 9.2 3.5 Ever(injected(any(illegal(drug (used(a(ne edle(to(inject (any(illegal(drug(into(their( body(one(or(more(times(during(their(life) 1.7 -1.4 -1 -0.1 2.6 Were(offered,(sold,(or(given(an(illegal(drug(on(school(property (during(the(12 ( months(before(the (survey) -0.5 -7 0.4 6 10.2
- 18. Tobacco use Source: CDC Youth Risk Behavior SurveillanceSystem Accessed 9/24/15 Much%less%than%population%percentage 1 Less%than%population%percentage 2 Equal%to%population%percentage 3 More%than%population%percentage 4 Much%more%than%total%percentage 5 African( American Asian Caucasian Hispanic Other Ever(tried(cigarett e(smoking (even(one(or(two(puffs) -2.3 -7.1 0.6 12.5 7.9 Smoke d(a(whole(cigarette(before(a ge(13(years (for(the (first(time) 2.8 -2.8 -3.1 6 2.5 Currently(smoked(cigarett es (on(at(least(1(day(during(the(3 0(days(before(the( survey) -3 -4 0.9 4.6 0.7 Currently(smoked(cigarett es(frequently (on(20(or(more(days(during(the(30(days( before(the(survey) -1.7 -1.8 0.9 2.5 1.2 Smoke d(cigarettes(on(school(property (on(at(least(1(day(during(the(3 0(days( before(the(survey) -2 -1.7 0.5 3.3 0.1 Ever(smoked(at(least(one(cigarette (every(day(for(30(days -3.4 -2.8 1.8 2.7 1.6 Smoke d(cigarettes(on(all(30 (days (during(the(30 (days(before (the(survey) -1.3 -1.6 0.5 2.1 0.6 Currently(used(smoke less(tobacco (chewing(tobacco,(snuff,(or(dip(on(at(least(1( day(during(the(30 (days(before(the (survey) -0.9 -1.8 -0.9 3.6 1.2 Currently(used(cigars (cigars,(cigarillos,(or(litt le(cigars(on(at(lea st(1(day(during(t he( 30(days(be fore(the(survey) -1.1 -2.6 -0.5 4.2 -1.5 Currently(used(tobacco (current(cigarette (use,(curre nt(smoke less(tobacco(use,(or(( curre nt(cigar(use) -2.9 -3.3 1.2 5.8 1.3
- 19. Making the data more accessible
- 20. Clustering: Beyond predetermined groupings
- 21. Shortcomings in the data • The Census does a poor job of capturing data on the homeless, incarcerated populations, and undocumented aliens • These groups often bear the brunt of disparities • The ACS does not permit estimates of small population groups, such as many of our immigrant and refugee communities, which makes it difficult to know where the provide services • The data capture population-level counts, but do not provide an easy solution for measuring changes due to migration • Aggregate statistics may improve without having treated the root problem
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