Data structure
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This document discusses data structures and their types. It defines data structures as the logical or mathematical organization of data in computer memory or on disk. The main types are linear data structures like arrays, stacks, queues, and linked lists, and non-linear structures like trees and graphs. Common operations on data structures include traversing, searching, inserting, deleting, sorting, and merging. Algorithms manipulate data in these structures to solve problems.
Data structure
- 1. Junaid khan Visiting Lecturer University of Peshawar
- 3. It is a logical way of storing data and it also define mechanism of retrieve data.
- 4. What are Data Structures? Data may be organized in many different ways. A Data Structure is an arrangement of data in a computer’s memory or on a disk. The logical or mathematical model of a particular organization of a data is called Data Structures. The choice of a data model depends on two consideration: 1) It must be rich enough in structure to mirror the actual relationships of the data in the real world. 2) The structure should be simple enough that one can effectively process the data when necessary.
- 5. Types of Data Structure DATA STRUCTURE LINEAR NON LINEAR
- 6. The data appearing in data structures are processed by means of operations. The following are operations are major operations: a) Traversing: Accessing each record exactly once so that certain items in the record may be processed. b) Searching: Finding the location of the record with a given key value, or finding the locations of all records which satisfy one or more conditions. c) Inserting: Adding a new record to the structure. d) Deleting: Removing a record from the structure. Following two are special operations: a) Sorting: Arranging the records in some logical order. b) Merging: Combining the records in two different sorted files into a single sorted file.
- 7. An algorithm is a well-defined list of steps for solving a particular problem. Algorithms manipulate the data present in data structures in various ways, such as searching for a particular data item and sorting the data. Flowcharts are pictorial representations of the algorithms. Properties/ characteristics of the algorithm: a) Finiteness: Total number of steps used in an algorithm should be finite. b) Definiteness: Each step of algorithm must be clear and unambiguous. c) Effectiveness: Every step must be basic and essential. d) Input/output: The algorithm must accept zero or more input and must produce at least on output.
- 9. An array is a collection of homogeneous type of data elements. An array is consisting of a collection of elements .
- 11. Representation of array in memory 1 2 3 4 5
- 13. A Stack is a list of elements in which an element may be inserted or deleted at one end which is known as TOP of the stack.
- 14. Push: add an element in stack Pop: remove an element in stack
- 17. A queue is a linear list of element in which insertion can be done at one end which is known as front and deletion can be done which is known as rear.
- 18. Insertion : add a new element in queue Deletion: Removing an element in queue
- 21. A Linked list is a linear collection of data elements .It has two part one is info and other is link part.info part gives information and link part is address of next node
- 24. 1.Tree 2.Graph
- 25. In computer science, a tree is a widely-used data structure that emulates a hierarchical tree structure with a set of linked nodes.
- 28. A graph data structure may also associate to each edge some edge value, such as a symbolic label or a numeric attribute (cost, capacity, length, etc.).