Data structures

Algorithms & Data Structures
Ust Khalid Bana(banajibreel111@gmail.com)

Structure of a program in Java
Probably the best way to start learning a programming
language is by writing a program. Therefore, here is our
first program:

// my first program in java
package my_program
Public class main
{
Public static void main(String[]args){
Ssytem.out.print(“I am going to Use data Structure”);
}}
I am going to Use data Structure
‫النتيج‬‫ة‬

‫السابق‬ ‫الكود‬ ‫شرح‬
// my first program in
java
 This is a comment line
 All lines beginning with two slash signs (//)
 description of what our program is

Public static void main ()
The main function is the point by where all
programs start their execution
System.out.print(" I am going to Use data
Structure “);
cout represents the standard output

Variables
 a = 5;
 b = 2;
 a = a + 1;
 result = a - b;

Declaration of variables ‫المتغيرات‬ ‫عن‬ ‫االعالن‬
Type Name of Variable = Value
‫المتغير‬ ‫نوع‬ ‫المتغير‬ ‫اسم‬ ‫المتغير‬ ‫قيمة‬

‫المتغيرات‬:‫معين‬ ‫حجم‬ ‫لها‬ ‫حاويات‬ ‫عن‬ ‫عبارة‬ ‫هي‬(‫حجم‬ ‫له‬ ‫نوع‬ ‫كل‬)
‫البيانات‬ ‫بتخزين‬ ‫تقوم‬,‫لبر‬ ‫واليمكن‬ ‫البرمجة‬ ‫أساسيات‬ ‫من‬ ‫تعد‬‫أن‬ ‫نامج‬
‫دونها‬ ‫من‬ ‫يعمل‬,‫في‬ ‫له‬ ‫مخصص‬ ‫حجم‬ ‫نوع‬ ‫لكل‬ ‫انواع‬ ‫عدة‬ ‫من‬ ‫تتكون‬
‫الذاكرة‬,‫الصحيح‬ ‫النوع‬ ‫من‬ ‫متغيرات‬ ‫مثل‬int‫النوع‬ ‫من‬ ‫ومتغيرات‬
‫النصي‬string,char‫الخ‬.

‫تعريف‬‫مبسط‬‫للمتغيرات‬:‫أسماء‬ ‫هي‬(‫عناوين‬)‫ذ‬ ‫في‬ ‫لمواقع‬‫اكرة‬
‫أو‬ ‫رموز‬ ‫بها‬ ‫يخزن‬ ، ‫الحاسوب‬‫أعداد‬.
‫المتغيرات‬ ‫تعريف‬

 int a ;
 float mynumber ;
 int a, b, c ;
o int a;
o int b;
o int c;
Examples :

Control Structures
Conditional structure: if and else
if (condition) statement
Sysntax 1 :

Where condition is the expression that is being
evaluated. If this condition is true, statement is
executed. If it is false, statement is ignored (not
executed)
For example
if ( grade >= 60 )
System.out.println( "Passed" );

If we want more than a single statement to be executed in
case that the condition is true we can specify a block
using braces { }:
if ( grade >= 60 ){
System.out.println( "Passed"
);
}

if (condition) statement1 else statement2
Sysntax 2 :
if ( grade >= 60 )
System.out.println( "Passed" );
else
System.out.println( "Failed" );
For example

For example
while ( )
{
grade = input.nextInt();
total += grade;
++gradeCounter;
incrementLetterGradeCounter( grade );
}
}

The do-while loop
Sysntax :
do statement while (condition);

public static void main( String[] args )
{
int counter = 1;
do{
System.out.print(counter);
++counter
}while(counter<=10);
System.out.print();
}
For example

The for loop
Sysntax :
for (initialization; condition; increase) statement;

// countdown using a for loop
Public static void main (String[]args)
{
for (int n=10; n>0; n--) {
System.ut.print(n)
}
System.out.print ( "FIRE!n“);
}}
For example

Search
(2)
 Jump statements + switch + elseif
 The break statement
 The continue statement
 The goto statement

Functions
A function is a group of statements that is executed
when it is called from some point of the program

‫معين‬ ‫عمل‬ ‫يؤدي‬ ‫برمجي‬ ‫مقطع‬ ‫عن‬ ‫عبارة‬ ‫هي‬ ‫بساطة‬ ‫وبكل‬ ‫الدالة‬
‫المقطع‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫تنفيذ‬ ‫ويتم‬‫الدالة‬ ‫استدعاء‬ ‫خالل‬ ‫من‬‫ال‬ ‫تستدعي‬ ‫حيث‬‫دالة‬
‫االسم‬ ‫خالل‬ ‫من‬(‫الدالة‬ ‫اسم‬ ‫اي‬.)
Functions cont….

‫؟‬ ‫الدوال‬ ‫نستخدم‬ ‫لماذا‬
.1‫الكبيرة‬ ‫البرامج‬ ‫كتابة‬ ‫لتسهيل‬.
.2‫االخطاء‬ ‫تتبع‬ ‫سهولة‬.
.3‫وتطوير‬ ‫التعديل‬ ‫سهولة‬‫البرنامج‬‫كامال‬ ‫البرنامج‬ ‫كتابة‬ ‫الي‬ ‫الحاجة‬ ‫دون‬.
.4‫صغير‬ ‫البرنامج‬ ‫حجم‬ ‫جعل‬.

Sysntax :
type name ( parameter1, parameter2, ...)
{
statements
Return value
}

For example
‫الدوال‬ ‫مفهوم‬ ‫استخدام‬ ‫دون‬ ‫عددين‬ ‫وطرح‬ ‫بجمع‬ ‫يقوم‬ ‫برنامج‬

For example
‫عددين‬ ‫وطرح‬ ‫بجمع‬ ‫يقوم‬ ‫برنامج‬‫بإستخدام‬‫الدوال‬ ‫مفهوم‬

Data structures

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