The document discusses data manipulation languages (DML) and data definition languages (DDL) in databases. DML includes statements like INSERT, DELETE, and UPDATE that are used to manipulate data within database objects. DDL includes statements like CREATE, ALTER, and DROP that are used to define and modify database structures and objects. Some examples of DDL syntax provided are CREATE TABLE to create a table, DROP TABLE to delete a table, and ALTER TABLE to add or modify elements of a table.